cans’‘ 99 construction, development and applications of cernet: china education and research...
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CANS’‘ 99CANS’‘ 99
Construction, Development and Construction, Development and Applications of CERNET: Applications of CERNET:
China Education and Research China Education and Research NetworkNetwork
Jianping WUJianping WU
Director of CERNET Technical BoardDirector of CERNET Technical Board
Director of CERNET Network CenterDirector of CERNET Network Center
Prof. of Computer Science, Tsinghua UniversityProf. of Computer Science, Tsinghua University
January 1999January 1999
CANS’‘ 99CANS’‘ 99
OutlineOutline Internet in ChinaInternet in China China Education and Research NetworkChina Education and Research Network Growth of CERNETGrowth of CERNET Major Applications of CERNETMajor Applications of CERNET CERNET: Major Infrastructure for CERNET: Major Infrastructure for
Distance Learning in China Distance Learning in China Important IssuesImportant Issues Future of CERNETFuture of CERNET
CANS’‘ 99CANS’‘ 99
Internet in ChinaInternet in China
International Links in ChinaInternational Links in China(before 1994)(before 1994)
CANET
CRN
TUnet
Others
X.25
GE
CA
HK
Europe
1988
1994
CANS’‘ 99CANS’‘ 99
Internet in ChinaInternet in ChinaInternational Links in China (1998)International Links in China (1998)
IHEP
NCFC
BUCT
MPT
CERNET
KEK
Sprint
CAREN
199464 K
199464 K - 2M to USA
3 X 2M, 128 K to USA, 64K to HK, 64K to Germany
64K from 1995-1997
2 X 2M+45M to USA, 256K +128 K to other
1995
1995
1995
GBN Sprint19962M+256K
CANS’‘ 99CANS’‘ 99
Nation-wide Internet Service Nation-wide Internet Service Providers in ChinaProviders in China
There are four Nation-wide Internet Service There are four Nation-wide Internet Service Providers in ChinaProviders in China– CERNET: China Education and Research NetworkCERNET: China Education and Research Network
– CSTNET: China Science and Technology NetworkCSTNET: China Science and Technology Network
– CHINANET: China Public Computer InternetCHINANET: China Public Computer Internet
– GBNNET: Golden Bridge Information NetworkGBNNET: Golden Bridge Information Network
To be permit to connect with Internet backbone To be permit to connect with Internet backbone directly, but have to use China Telecom directly, but have to use China Telecom international half circuitinternational half circuit
Connect each other, no exchange so far Connect each other, no exchange so far
CANS’‘ 99CANS’‘ 99
CERNET
CSTNET
CHINANET
CHINAGBN
U. S. A.
Germany
Hong Kong
Japan
Singapore
>2M X 3
> 2M+45M
64K
64K
2M
10M
512K
2M
64K
Canada
2M
2M
U K512K Another Europe Countries
JANET and Super JANETChina Internet Connectivity's Today
CANS’‘ 99CANS’‘ 99
China Internet (near future)China Internet (near future)
CSTNET
ChinaNet
GBN
global Internet
ISPs
CERNET
CNIX
CANS’‘ 99CANS’‘ 99
Introduction of CERNETIntroduction of CERNET The first nation-wide academic computer The first nation-wide academic computer
network in China started in 1994network in China started in 1994 The CERNET project is funded by the The CERNET project is funded by the
Chinese government and directly managed by Chinese government and directly managed by the Ministry of Educationthe Ministry of Education
The objectives of the CERNETThe objectives of the CERNET
Establish a nation-wide education and Establish a nation-wide education and research network infrastructure to connect all research network infrastructure to connect all of the universities, institutes, and schools in of the universities, institutes, and schools in China using the up-to-date techniques China using the up-to-date techniques
CANS’‘ 99CANS’‘ 99
First Phase of CERNET(1994-1997)First Phase of CERNET(1994-1997)
A nation-wide backbone which connects A nation-wide backbone which connects eight regional networks and connects them eight regional networks and connects them to the global Internetto the global Internet
A national network centerA national network center Ten regional network centersTen regional network centers Network management systemNetwork management system Internet applications and China Internet applications and China
information resources and applications information resources and applications
CANS’‘ 99CANS’‘ 99
CERNET OrganizationCERNET Organization Administration BoardAdministration Board Technical BoardTechnical Board National Network CenterNational Network Center Regional Network CenterRegional Network Center Campus NetworkCampus Network
CANS’‘ 99CANS’‘ 99tsinghua.edu.cn
CERNET StructureCERNET Structure
CERNET Backbone
Regional network
campus
network
campus
network
campus
network
Internet
Regional network Regional network
campus
network
.edu.cn
pku.edu.cn
CANS’‘ 99CANS’‘ 99
National Network CenterNational Network Center Located in Tsinghua UniversityLocated in Tsinghua University Network Operation Center (NOC)Network Operation Center (NOC) Network Information Center (NIC)Network Information Center (NIC) High Performance Computing Center High Performance Computing Center
(HPCC)(HPCC) AccountingAccounting Education and Training Center (ETC)Education and Training Center (ETC) Others: Telecommunication, Customer Others: Telecommunication, Customer
Support, Development etc.Support, Development etc.
CANS’‘ 99CANS’‘ 99
Regional Network CenterRegional Network Center
Regional Network NOCRegional Network NOC Regional Network NICRegional Network NIC Regional Network ETCRegional Network ETC Customer SupportCustomer Support Regional Network Design and Regional Network Design and
DevelopmentDevelopment
CANS’‘ 99CANS’‘ 99
BeijingBeijing 北京北京
NanjingNanjing 南京南京
ShanghaiShanghai 上海上海
GuangzhouGuangzhou 广州广州
WuhanWuhan 武汉武汉
XianXian西安西安
ChengduChengdu 成都成都
ShenyangShenyang 沈阳沈阳
CERNET Backbone in 1995CERNET Backbone in 1995
USAUSA美国美国128K128K
64K64K
2M2M ,, 19961996 年年 1010 月月
CANS’‘ 99CANS’‘ 99
BeijinBeijingg 北京北京
NanjingNanjing 南京南京
ShanghaiShanghai 上海上海
GuangzhouGuangzhou 广州广州
WuhanWuhan 武汉武汉
XianXian西安西安
ChengduChengdu 成都成都
ShenyaShenyangng 沈阳沈阳
USUSAA美国美国128K128K
2M2M
64K64K
CERNET Backbone in 1997CERNET Backbone in 1997
512K512K
CANS’‘ 99CANS’‘ 99
CERNET Structure (1996)CERNET Structure (1996)
NationalNationalBackboneBackbone
RegionalRegionalBackboneBackbone
RegionalRegionalBackboneBackbone
CampusCampus CampusCampusCampusCampusCampusCampus
…………
............
CANS’‘ 99CANS’‘ 99
2nd Phase of CERNET (1998-1999)2nd Phase of CERNET (1998-1999) All university and institutes (1000+) will be All university and institutes (1000+) will be
connected to the CERNETconnected to the CERNET A lot of school will be connected to the A lot of school will be connected to the
CERNET CERNET High speed backbone and Internet link , High speed backbone and Internet link ,
regional networks and campus networksregional networks and campus networks New applicationsNew applications Become a very important part of China Become a very important part of China
national information infrastructure national information infrastructure
CANS’‘ 99CANS’‘ 99
北京北京
南京南京上海上海
广州广州
武汉武汉
西安西安
成都成都
沈阳沈阳USA USA 美国美国
128K128K
2M2M
64K64K ++ 512K512K
CERNET Backbone in 1999CERNET Backbone in 1999
2M X 72M X 7
256K256K
2M2M ++ 2M2M
Hong Kong Hong Kong 香港香港
UK UK 英国 英国 512K512KGermany Germany 德国 德国 64K64K
2X7M2X7M
CANS’‘ 99CANS’‘ 99
CERNET Structure (1998) CERNET Structure (1998)
NationalNationalBackboneBackbone
RegionalRegionalBackboneBackbone
RegionalRegionalBackboneBackbone
ProvinceProvinceBackboneBackbone
ProvinceProvinceBackboneBackbone
CampusCampus
CampusCampus CampusCampus
CampusCampus
CampusCampus CampusCampus
…………
...... ......
...... ......
CANS’‘ 99CANS’‘ 99
The Possible Scale of CERNETThe Possible Scale of CERNET China has 9.6 million kmChina has 9.6 million km2 2 territory, 1.2 billion territory, 1.2 billion
population, 30+ provinces, 500+ citiespopulation, 30+ provinces, 500+ cities China has 1,020 universities with 100,000 graduate China has 1,020 universities with 100,000 graduate
students and 2+ million undergraduate studentsstudents and 2+ million undergraduate students China has 40,000+ middle schools with 60+ million China has 40,000+ middle schools with 60+ million
studentsstudents China has 160,000 primary schools with 122 million China has 160,000 primary schools with 122 million
pupilspupils The CERNET will be the largest education and The CERNET will be the largest education and
research network in the world.research network in the world.
CANS’‘ 99CANS’‘ 99
Major Technology of CERNETMajor Technology of CERNET Backbone of CERNETBackbone of CERNET
– Router + linkRouter + link– IP over DDN, Satellite link, SDH and Fiber IP over DDN, Satellite link, SDH and Fiber
Campus NetworkCampus Network– TCP/IP protocol and Web applicationTCP/IP protocol and Web application– Router + EthernetRouter + Ethernet– Fast Ethernet switch, FDDI switchFast Ethernet switch, FDDI switch– ATMATM– Routing switchRouting switch
CANS’‘ 99CANS’‘ 99
Major CERNET ApplicationsMajor CERNET Applications
MIS for Universities MIS for Universities Information Resource ConstructionsInformation Resource Constructions Admit Students and Job OpportunityAdmit Students and Job Opportunity Distance ComputingDistance Computing Distance LearningDistance Learning Digital LibraryDigital Library Virtual Research Laboratory and CenterVirtual Research Laboratory and Center
CANS’‘ 99CANS’‘ 99
CERNET: Major Infrastructure CERNET: Major Infrastructure for Distance Learning in Chinafor Distance Learning in China
Very large TV education organizationVery large TV education organization Satellite communication still importance Satellite communication still importance
and useful in China distance learningand useful in China distance learning Internet and Web-based Technology is Internet and Web-based Technology is
the future of distance learning in Chinathe future of distance learning in China Needs of the Learners have ChangedNeeds of the Learners have Changed CERNET will be major infrastructureCERNET will be major infrastructure
CANS’‘ 99CANS’‘ 99
Needs of the Learners have ChangedNeeds of the Learners have ChangedTraditionalTraditional
Institutional learningInstitutional learning Time out for trainingTime out for training School & government School & government
dominateddominated Time & place dependentTime & place dependent Concentrated expertiseConcentrated expertise Minimum standardMinimum standard Limited learning choicesLimited learning choices Full term coursesFull term courses
Information AgeInformation Age Global learningGlobal learning Fusion of work & learningFusion of work & learning Individual & employer Individual & employer
drivendriven Time & place independentTime & place independent Dispersed expertiseDispersed expertise Personal bestPersonal best Mass customizationMass customization Bytes of learningBytes of learning
CANS’‘ 99CANS’‘ 99
Technology Alters theTechnology Alters theLearning landscapeLearning landscape
Audio ConferencingVideo Conferencing
SatelliteChat Rooms
Web-based TrainingVideo Tape/Audio Tape
CD-ROMInternet/Intranet VOD
Classroom
KioskLearning Center
LibraryLab
DifferentPlace
Same Place
SameTime
DifferentTime
CANS’‘ 99CANS’‘ 99
Important IssuesImportant Issues
Government PolicyGovernment Policy Acceptable Use PolicyAcceptable Use Policy Telecommunication PricingTelecommunication Pricing Management and SecurityManagement and Security Chinese CultureChinese Culture The Future of China’s InternetThe Future of China’s Internet
CANS’‘ 99CANS’‘ 99
Government PolicyGovernment Policy Safety and Protection Regulations of the Safety and Protection Regulations of the
Computer Information System of the Computer Information System of the
People Republic of China (1993)People Republic of China (1993)
Temporary Rules for the Management of Temporary Rules for the Management of
the International Links of the Computer the International Links of the Computer
Information Network of the People Information Network of the People
Republic of China (1996)Republic of China (1996)
CANS’‘ 99CANS’‘ 99
CERNET Acceptable Use PolicyCERNET Acceptable Use Policy
Management Regulations of China Management Regulations of China
Education and Research NetworkEducation and Research Network
China Education and Research Network China Education and Research Network
Safety Management ContractSafety Management Contract
China Education and Research Network China Education and Research Network
Users RegulationsUsers Regulations
CANS’‘ 99CANS’‘ 99
Telecommunication PricingTelecommunication Pricing Telecommunication Market still isn’t openTelecommunication Market still isn’t open Very high Telecommunication PriceVery high Telecommunication Price
– International half circuit has 3-5 times than International half circuit has 3-5 times than international market in priceinternational market in price
– Nation-wide transmission line has 10-15 times Nation-wide transmission line has 10-15 times than international market in pricethan international market in price
China Telecom run CHINANET, also run China Telecom run CHINANET, also run international half circuit and nation-wide international half circuit and nation-wide transmission linetransmission line
CANS’‘ 99CANS’‘ 99
CERNET Operation ModelCERNET Operation Model Government support construction, but not Government support construction, but not
operationoperation CERNET operate ourselves started in 1997CERNET operate ourselves started in 1997 Nation-wide accessNation-wide access
– For 64K connection, 4800 RMB/per monthFor 64K connection, 4800 RMB/per month– For >64K connection, 9600 RMB/per monthFor >64K connection, 9600 RMB/per month
International inputInternational input– 5 RMB/per MBytes5 RMB/per MBytes
CANS’‘ 99CANS’‘ 99
The Future of China’s InternetThe Future of China’s Internet Hope open telecommunication marketHope open telecommunication market Internet impact on China Internet impact on China
communication infrastructurecommunication infrastructure Internet impact on China educationInternet impact on China education Internet impact on the Chinese Internet impact on the Chinese
culture and Chinese society.culture and Chinese society. Make China contribution to the global Make China contribution to the global
Internet community.Internet community.
CANS’‘ 99CANS’‘ 99
2001: Users = Human Population ?2001: Users = Human Population ?
5,076,000,000
2,538,000,000
1,510,912,000
755,456,000
507,904,000
151,040,000
302,080,000
75,520,000
37,760,000
18,880,000
9,440,000
4,720,000
2,360,000
1,180,548
590,274
365,345
234,740161,434
92,83463,26743,799
26,141
9,805
5,089
2,8101,961
1,024
562
213
yearmonth
81 90 91 92 200120019998979695949382 83 84 85 86 87 88 896 8 5 8 10 10 11 12 10 7 6 3 1 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
Source: MIDS, Austin TX, based on historical data
HumanHumanPopulatioPopulationn
Internet Internet UsersUsers
ProjectedProjectedInternet Internet HostsHosts
MeasuredMeasuredInternet Internet HostsHosts
Projected Projected HumanHumanPopulationPopulation
ProjectedProjectedInternet UsersInternet Users