capacity at k9 units
TRANSCRIPT
CAPACITY AT K9 UNITS
Briefing to the Portfolio Committee on Police
29 January 2016
Contents
Current Capacity
Critical Shortage of Operational Police Dogs
Trained K9 handlers without dogs
Replacement of Boarded Police dogs & Candidate K9-handlers awaiting
training
Critical shortage of trainable dogs
Proposed K9 Procurement & Training Plan
Conclusion
Current Capacity
Current Capacity
4
PROVINCE Total K9 Units Total K9 Handlers Functional K9 Handlers Trained K9 Handlers
without dogs Candidate K9 Handlers
(awaiting course)
Eastern Cape 14 187 157 30 8
Free State 8 98 92 6 2
Gauteng 9 251 217 34 76
KwaZulu-Natal 13 247 200 47 39
Limpopo 12 127 100 27 3
Mpumalanga 8 84 73 5 13
North West 8 96 83 14 17
Northern Cape 8 81 73 9 8
Western Cape 11 176 141 39 2
Component PPS 3 23 21 2 3
Division ORS 2 34 27 7 0
Division PSS 8 52 49 3 26
National K9 Deployment 1 11 10 1 0
TOTAL 105 1467 1243 224 197
Current Capacity : Discrepancies explained
5
• Trained Handlers without Dogs & Candidate
Handlers:
– Division HRD schedules and present training
according to the available training capacity on
national and decentralised level.
Critical Shortage of Operational
Police Dogs
Critical Shortage of Operational Police Dogs
7
Imminent shortage of police dogs to meet operational needs:
224 Trained K9 handlers without dogs;
197 Members at units awaiting K9 course;
215 Old operational dogs to be boarded.
Trained K9 handlers without dogs IMPACT ON THE REDUCTION OF CRIME : APP
Trained K9 handlers without dogs : Discipline
9
95 Patrol K9 handlers without dogs
Impacts on the apprehension of suspects/ crime in progress/ tracking the suspects
84 Explosive K9 handlers without dogs
Impacts on the seizure of firearms and explosives
Leads to the arrest of the suspect and convictions
31 Narcotic K9 handlers without dogs
Impacts proactively and reactively on the seizure of narcotics
Leads to the arrests of suspects and convictions
9 Tracker K9 handlers without dogs
Impacts on the tracking of suspects
Recovery of property
Trained K9 handlers without dogs
10
3 Biological Body fluid K9 handlers without dogs
Impacts on the identification of blood and semen at crime scenes not visible to the eye.
Leads to arrest of suspects and convictions.
2 Protected Species K9 handlers without dogs
Impacts on the search and seizure of protected species.
Leads to arrest of suspects and convictions
1 Search and Rescue K9 handler without a dog
Impacts on the search of dead persons in natural disasters, mines, collapsed buildings and drownings.
Impacts on the search of missing persons
TOTALS PER PROVINCE
Trained K9 handlers without dogs
11
Province Carcass & Hide
Protect Species
Patrol Explos Narc Tracker Search & Rescue
Fire Detect
Sheep Dog
Bio Detect
Currency Detect
Grand Total
Eastern Cape 0 0 22 3 4 0 0 0 0 1 0 30
Free State 0 0 1 2 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 6
Gauteng 0 0 14 9 9 0 1 1 0 0 0 34
KwaZulu-Natal 0 0 33 9 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 47
Limpopo 0 0 7 14 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 27
Mpumalanga 0 0 2 5 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 5
North West 0 0 6 4 2 1 0 0 0 1 0 14
Northern Cape 0 0 5 2 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 9
Western Cape 0 1 5 25 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 39
PPS 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
ORS 0 1 0 5 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 7
PSS 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3
Nat K9 Dep 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
TOTAL 0 2 95 82 31 9 1 1 0 3 0 224
Replacement of Boarded Police dogs &
Candidate K9-handlers awaiting training
Replacement of Boarded Police dogs
13
Province Carcass & Hide
Protect Species
Patrol Explos Narc Tracker Search & Rescue
Fire Detect
Sheep Dog
Bio Detect
Currency Detect
Grand Total
Eastern Cape 0 2 23 8 7 6 2 0 0 0 0 48
Free State 0 0 1 1 1 2 0 0 1 0 0 6
Gauteng 0 0 13 24 10 1 0 0 0 0 0 48
KwaZulu-Natal 0 0 8 2 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 15
Limpopo 0 0 6 14 14 4 1 1 0 2 0 42
Mpumalanga 0 0 1 8 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 11
North West 0 0 3 3 3 4 0 0 0 1 0 14
Northern Cape 0 0 7 2 1 3 1 0 0 0 0 14
Western Cape 0 1 3 3 3 1 0 1 1 0 0 13
PPS 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3
ORS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
PSS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nat K9 Dep 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
TOTAL 0 3 65 69 41 25 4 3 2 3 0 215
Candidate K9-handlers awaiting training
14
Province Total Members Duration : waiting for K9 Training
Eastern Cape 8 1-2 years
Free State 2 5 years
Gauteng 76 2-8 years
KwaZulu-Natal 39 2 years
Limpopo 3 2-4 years
Mpumalanga 13 4 years
North West 17 1-5 years
Northern Cape 8 6mths-4 years
Western Cape 2 1-2 years
PPS 3 1-1.5 years
ORS 0 0
PSS 26 2 years
National K9 Deployment 0 0
Total 197 6-8 years
Critical shortage of trainable dogs
Critical Shortage of trainable dogs
16
Sources of dogs:
• Breeding of dogs (Breeding Section currently contributes very little
as the section is recovering after the building project)
• Donations (Some success, but inconsistent and unreliable)
• Purchasing (Registration of suppliers and Procurement process too
cumbersome and slow. Most suppliers work on a first come, first
serve-basis where cash buyers takes preference)
Solution:
• Increased purchasing of suitable dogs
• Division HRD to budget for the procurement of the required dogs
• Divisions HRD, SCM and Finance to assist with a more efficient
supplier registration and procurement process (Benchmarked with
SARS who has a dedicated procurement team dealing with the
procurement process)
BREEDING 2015/2016
DOGS DIED 36
DOGS TO PRE-TRAINING
82
DOGS STILL AT BREEDING
72
DOGS TO NSPCA 7
DOGS BRED 197
DONATION DOGS RECEIVED 2015/2016
18
PROVINCE NUMBER OF DONATIONS RECEIVED AND ASSESSED
KWAZULU-NATAL 25
NORTH WEST 3
GAUTENG 32
NORTHERN CAPE 20
WESTERN CAPE 42
EASTERN CAPE 24
MPUMALANGA 14
FREE STATE 11
LIMPOPO 3
TOTAL 174
NSPCA 101 DOGS
PURCHASED BY HANDLERS 32 DOGS
EUTHANIZED 2 DOGS
DOGS TO TRAINING
50
PROCUREMENT OF DOGS (HRD) : 2015 JAN - DEC
NUMBER OF DOGS ASSESSED
NUMBER OF DOGS SUITABLE PURCHASED
NUMBER OF DOGS UNSUITABLE
NUMBER OF SUPPLIERS
182 43 139 13
NUMBER OF DOGS AVAILABLE FROM NETHERLANDS
NUMBER OF DOGS SUITABLE PURCHASED
NUMBER OF DOGS UNSUITABLE
NUMBER OF SUPPLIERS
40 40 0 1
INTERNATIONAL PROVIDERS
LOCAL PROVIDERS
Proposed K9 Procurement & Training Plan SHORT TERM (2016/2017)
SHORTAGE OF TRAINERS
21
5
6
6 1 1
4
2
3
3
TRAINER CAPACITY PATROL
EXPLOSIVES
NARCOTICS
FORENSIC & CRIMESCENE DETECTION
WILDLIFE &STOCKTHEFT
TACTICAL
BASIC VISUAL
SEARCH & RESCUE
TRACKER
TRAINING PRESENTING CAPACITY
PATROL 30 LEARNERS
EXPLOSIVES AND P/EXPL 36 LEARNERS
NARCOTICS 30 LEARNERS
FORENSIC & CRIME SCENE DETECTION
6 LEARNERS
WILDLIFE & STOCKTHEFT 6 LEARNERS
TACTICAL 20 LEARNERS
BASIC VISUAL 20 LEARNERS
SEARCH AND RESCUE 12 LEARNERS
TRACKER 18 LEARNERS
SHORTAGE OF TRAINERS
22
7
12
6 5
5
2
4
3 3
TRAINER NEEDS PATROL
EXPLOSIVES
NARCOTICS
FORENSIC & CRIMESCENE DETECTION
WILDLIFE &STOCKTHEFT
TACTICAL
BASIC VISUAL
SEARCH & RESCUE
TRACKER
Operational K9 Handler with 2 years experience
Learner Trainer K9 Handler Training
Programme
Learner Trainer Present
Supervised K9 Course – Declared
Competent
Trainer Development Programme
(ETD , Assessors,
Moderators, Train the
Trainer etc.)
Multi-Skilled K9 Handler
Trainers
SHORT TERM (2016/2017) : TRAINED HANDLERS WITHOUT DOGS
Proposed K9 Procurement & Training Plan
23
Province
Trai
ne
d K
9
Han
dle
rs
wit
ho
ut
do
gs
De
cen
tral
ise
d
trai
nin
g in
terv
en
tio
ns
De
cen
tral
ize
d
trai
nin
g (m
em
be
rs)
Co
st o
f D
ece
ntr
alis
ed
Tr
ain
ing
Nat
ion
al
trai
nin
g (m
em
be
rs)
Do
gs r
eq
uir
ed
fo
r tr
ain
ing
Co
st o
f D
ogs
±
R 3
0 0
00
pe
r d
og
Me
mb
ers
to
re
mai
n
Eastern Cape 30 2 12 R 150 000 8 20 R 600 000 10 Free State 6 1 6 R 75 000 0 6 R 180 000 0 Gauteng 34 3 18 R 225 000 3 21 R 630 000 6 KwaZulu-Natal 47 6 36 R 450 000 0 36 R 1 080 000 11 Limpopo 27 0 0 R 0 15 15 R 450 000 12 Mpumalanga 11 1 6 R 75 000 2 8 R 240 000 2 North West 14 0 0 R 0 6 6 R 180 000 7 Northern Cape 9 0 0 R 0 4 4 R 120 000 5 Western Cape 35 3 18 R 225 000 5 23 R 690 000 9 PPS 2 0 0 R 0 1 1 R 30 000 1 ORS 7 0 0 R 0 3 3 R 90 000 4 PSS 3 0 0 R 0 0 0 R 0 1 Nat K9 Dep 1 0 0 R 0 1 1 R 30 000 0 TOTAL 224 16 96 R 1 200 000 48 144 R 4 320 000 67
SHORT TERM (2016/2017) : MEMBERS AT K9 UNITS AWAITING K9 COURSE
Proposed K9 Procurement & Training Plan
24
Province
Me
mb
ers
at
un
its
wai
tin
g
k9 t
rain
ing
De
cen
tral
ise
d t
rain
ing
inte
rve
nti
on
s
De
cen
tral
ise
d T
rain
ing
(me
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)
Co
st o
f D
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tra
inin
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Nat
ion
al
Trai
nin
g
(me
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)
Do
gs
req
uir
ed
for
trai
nin
g
Co
st o
f D
ogs
±
R 3
0 0
00
p
er
do
g
Me
mb
ers
re
mai
nin
g
Eastern Cape 8 0 0 R 0 7 7 R 210 000 1
Free State 2 0 0 R 0 2 2 R 60 000 0
Gauteng 76 0 0 R 0 46 46 R 1 380 000 30
KwaZulu-Natal 39 0 0 R 0 20 20 R 600 000 19 Limpopo 3 0 0 R 0 3 3 R 90 000 0 Mpumalanga 13 0 0 R 0 10 10 R 300 000 3 North West 17 0 0 R 0 10 10 R 300 000 7 Northern Cape 8 0 0 R 0 6 6 R 180 000 2 Western Cape 2 0 0 R 0 0 0 R 0 0 PPS 3 0 0 R 0 3 3 R 90 000 0 ORS 0 0 0 R 0 0 0 R 0 0 PSS 26 0 0 R 0 13 13 R 390 000 13 Nat K9 Dep 0 0 0 R 0 0 0 R 0 0 TOTAL 197 0 0 R 0 120 120 R 3 600 000 75
Proposed K9 Procurement & Training Plan MEDIUM TERM (2017/2018)
MEDIUM TERM (2017/2018) : TRAINED HANDLERS WITHOUT DOGS
Proposed K9 Procurement & Training Plan
26
Province
Trai
ne
d K
9
Han
dle
rs
wit
ho
ut
do
gs
De
cen
tral
ise
d
trai
nin
g in
terv
en
tio
ns
De
cen
tral
ize
d
trai
nin
g (m
em
be
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Co
st o
f D
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ntr
alis
ed
Tr
ain
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Nat
ion
al
trai
nin
g (m
em
be
rs)
Do
gs r
eq
uir
ed
fo
r tr
ain
ing
Co
st o
f D
ogs
±
R 3
0 0
00
pe
r d
og
Me
mb
ers
to
re
mai
n
Eastern Cape 10 2 10 R 150 000 0 10 R 300 000 0 Free State 0 0 0 R 0 0 0 R 0 0 Gauteng 6 1 6 R 75 000 0 6 R 180 000 0 KwaZulu-Natal 11 2 11 R 150 000 0 11 R 330 000 0 Limpopo 12 0 0 R 0 12 12 R 360 000 0 Mpumalanga 2 0 0 R 0 2 2 R 60 000 0 North West 7 0 0 R 0 7 7 R 210 000 0 Northern Cape 5 0 0 R 0 5 5 R 150 000 0 Western Cape 9 2 9 R 150 000 0 9 R 270 000 0 PPS 0 0 0 R 0 0 0 R 0 0 ORS 4 0 0 R 0 4 4 R 120 000 0 PSS 1 0 0 R 0 1 1 R 30 000 0 Nat K9 Dep 0 0 0 R 0 0 0 R 0 0 TOTAL 67 7 36 R 525 000 31 67 R 2 010 000 0
MEDIUM TERM (2017/2018) : MEMBERS AT K9 UNITS AWAITING K9 COURSE
Proposed K9 Procurement & Training Plan
27
Province
Me
mb
ers
at
un
its
wai
tin
g
k9 t
rain
ing
De
cen
tral
ise
d
trai
nin
g in
terv
en
tio
ns
De
cen
tral
ise
d
Trai
nin
g (m
em
be
rs)
Co
st o
f D
ece
ntr
alis
ed
tr
ain
ing
Nat
ion
al
Trai
nin
g
(me
mb
ers
)
Do
gs r
eq
uir
ed
for
trai
nin
g
Co
st o
f D
ogs
±
R 3
0 0
00
pe
r d
og
Me
mb
ers
re
mai
nin
g
Eastern Cape 1 0 0 R 0 1 1 R 30 000 0
Free State 0 0 0 R 0 0 0 R 0 0
Gauteng 30 0 0 R 0 30 30 R 900 000 0
KwaZulu-Natal 19 0 0 R 0 19 19 R 570 000 0 Limpopo 0 0 0 R 0 0 0 R 0 0 Mpumalanga 3 0 0 R 0 3 3 R 90 000 0 North West 7 0 0 R 0 7 7 R 210 000 0
Northern Cape 2 0 0 R 0 2 2 R 60 000 0
Western Cape 0 0 0 R 0 0 0 R 0 0 PPS 0 0 0 R 0 0 0 R 0 0 ORS 0 0 0 R 0 0 0 R 0 0 PSS 13 0 0 R 0 13 13 R 390 000 0 Nat K9 Dep 0 0 0 R 0 0 0 R 0 0 TOTAL 75 0 0 R 0 75 75 R 2 250 000 0
MEDIUM TERM (2017/2018) : REPLACEMENT OF DOGS TO BE BOARDED
Proposed K9 Procurement & Training Plan
28
Province
Trai
ne
d K
9
Han
dle
rs
wit
ho
ut
do
gs
De
cen
tral
ise
d
trai
nin
g in
terv
en
tio
ns
De
cen
tral
ize
d
trai
nin
g (m
em
be
rs)
Co
st o
f D
ece
ntr
alis
ed
Tr
ain
ing
Nat
ion
al
trai
nin
g (m
em
be
rs)
Do
gs r
eq
uir
ed
fo
r tr
ain
ing
Co
st o
f D
ogs
±
R 3
0 0
00
pe
r d
og
Me
mb
ers
re
mai
nin
g
Eastern Cape 48 0 0 R 0 6 6 R 180 000 42 Free State 6 0 0 R 0 6 6 R 180 000 0 Gauteng 48 2 12 R 150 000 6 18 R 540 000 30 KwaZulu-Natal 15 0 0 R 0 3 3 R 90 000 12 Limpopo 42 0 0 R 0 6 6 R 180 000 36 Mpumalanga 11 2 11 R 150 000 0 11 R 330 000 0 North West 14 0 0 R 0 8 8 R 240 000 6 Northern Cape 14 0 0 R 0 8 8 R 240 000 6 Western Cape 13 0 0 R 0 1 1 R 30 000 12 PPS 3 0 0 R 0 3 3 R 90 000 0 ORS 0 0 0 R 0 0 0 R 0 0 PSS 0 0 0 R 0 0 0 R 0 0 Nat K9 Dep 1 0 0 R 0 1 1 R 30 000 0 TOTAL 215 4 23 R 300 000 48 71 R 2 130 000 144
MEDIUM TERM (2017/2018) : NOVICE K9 COURSES FOR NEW K9 UNIT APPOINTEES
Proposed K9 Procurement & Training Plan
29
Province
Me
mb
ers
at
un
its
wai
tin
g
k9 t
rain
ing
De
cen
tral
ise
d
trai
nin
g in
terv
en
tio
ns
De
cen
tral
ise
d
Trai
nin
g (m
em
be
rs)
Co
st o
f D
ece
ntr
alis
ed
tr
ain
ing
Nat
ion
al
Trai
nin
g
(me
mb
ers
)
Do
gs r
eq
uir
ed
for
trai
nin
g
Co
st o
f D
ogs
±
R 3
0 0
00
pe
r d
og
Me
mb
ers
re
mai
nin
g
Eastern Cape 0 0 0 R 0 4 4 R 120 000 0
Free State 0 0 0 R 0 4 4 R 120 000 0
Gauteng 0 0 0 R 0 4 4 R 120 000 0
KwaZulu-Natal 0 0 0 R 0 4 4 R 120 000 0 Limpopo 0 0 0 R 0 4 4 R 120 000 0 Mpumalanga 0 0 0 R 0 3 3 R 90 000 0 North West 0 0 0 R 0 3 3 R 90 000 0 Northern Cape 0 0 0 R 0 3 3 R 90 000 0 Western Cape 0 0 0 R 0 4 4 R 120 000 0 PPS 0 0 0 R 0 2 2 R 60 000 0 ORS 0 0 0 R 0 2 2 R 60 000 0 PSS 0 0 0 R 0 2 2 R 60 000 0 Nat K9 Dep 0 0 0 R 0 1 1 R 30 000 0 TOTAL 0 0 0 R 0 40 40 R 1 200 000 0
Proposed K9 Procurement & Training Plan LONG TERM (2018/2019)
LONG TERM (2018/2019) : REPLACEMENT OF DOGS TO BE BOARDED
Proposed K9 Procurement & Training Plan
31
Province
Trai
ne
d K
9
Han
dle
rs
wit
ho
ut
do
gs
De
cen
tral
ise
d
trai
nin
g in
terv
en
tio
ns
De
cen
tral
ize
d
trai
nin
g (m
em
be
rs)
Co
st o
f D
ece
ntr
alis
ed
Tr
ain
ing
Nat
ion
al
trai
nin
g (m
em
be
rs)
Do
gs r
eq
uir
ed
fo
r tr
ain
ing
Co
st o
f D
ogs
±
R 3
0 0
00
pe
r d
og
Me
mb
ers
re
mai
nin
g
Eastern Cape 42 2 12 R 150 000 30 42 R 1 260 000 0 Free State 0 0 0 R 0 0 0 R 0 0 Gauteng 30 3 18 R 225 000 12 30 R 900 000 0 KwaZulu-Natal 12 2 12 R 150 000 0 12 R 360 000 0 Limpopo 36 0 0 R 0 36 36 R 1 080 000 0 Mpumalanga 0 0 0 R 0 0 0 R 0 0 North West 6 0 0 R 0 6 6 R 180 000 0 Northern Cape 6 0 0 R 0 6 6 R 180 000 0 Western Cape 12 2 12 R 150 000 0 12 R 360 000 0 PPS 0 0 0 R 0 0 0 R 0 0 ORS 0 0 0 R 0 0 0 R 0 0 PPS 0 0 0 R 0 0 0 R 0 0 Nat K9 Dep 0 0 0 R 0 0 0 R 0 0 TOTAL 144 9 54 R 675 000 90 144 R 4 320 000 0
LONG TERM (2018/2019) : NOVICE K9 COURSES FOR NEW K9 UNIT APPOINTEES
Proposed K9 Procurement & Training Plan
32
Province
Me
mb
ers
at
un
its
wai
tin
g
k9 t
rain
ing
De
cen
tral
ise
d t
rain
ing
inte
rve
nti
on
s
De
cen
tral
ise
d T
rain
ing
(me
mb
ers
)
Co
st o
f D
ece
ntr
alis
ed
tra
inin
g
Nat
ion
al
Trai
nin
g
(me
mb
ers
)
Do
gs
req
uir
ed
for
trai
nin
g
Co
st o
f D
ogs
±
R 3
0 0
00
p
er
do
g
Me
mb
ers
re
mai
nin
g
Eastern Cape 0 0 0 R 0 7 7 R 210 000 0
Free State 0 0 0 R 0 7 7 R 210 000 0
Gauteng 0 0 0 R 0 10 10 R 300 000 0
KwaZulu-Natal 0 0 0 R 0 10 10 R 300 000 0 Limpopo 0 0 0 R 0 7 7 R 210 000 0 Mpumalanga 0 0 0 R 0 10 10 R 300 000 0 North West 0 0 0 R 0 10 10 R 300 000 0 Northern Cape 0 0 0 R 0 10 10 R 300 000 0 Western Cape 0 0 0 R 0 7 7 R 210 000 0 PPS 0 0 0 R 0 2 2 R 60 000 0 ORS 0 0 0 R 0 3 3 R 90 000 0 PSS 0 0 0 R 0 10 10 R 300 000 0 Nat K9 Dep 0 0 0 R 0 1 1 R 30 000 0 TOTAL 0 0 0 R 0 94 94 R 2 820 000 0
Conclusion
34
Conclusion
SUMMARY OF DOGS REQUIRED
CATEGORY
SHORT TERM (2016/2017)
MEDIUM TERM (2017/2018)
LONG TERM (2018/2019)
NUMBER OF DOGS
PROJECTED COST
NUMBER OF DOGS
PROJECTED COST
NUMBER OF DOGS
PROJECTED COST
TRAINED HANDLERS WITHOUT DOGS 144 R 4 320 000 67 R 2 010 000 0 R 0
MEMBERS AT K9 UNITS AWAITING K9 COURSE 120 R 3 600 000 75 R 2 250 000 0 R 0
REPLACEMENT OF DOGS TO BE BOARDED 0 R 0 71 R 2 130 000 144 R 4 320 000
NOVICE K9 COURSES FOR NEW K9 UNIT APPOINTEES
0 R 0 40 R 1 200 000 94 R 2 820 000
TOTAL 264 R 7 920 000 253 R 7 590 000 238 R 7 140 000
Critical Shortage of Operational Police Dogs
35
• In order to ensure optimal functioning of K9 handlers and dogs Division HRD
must secure a ring-fenced budget for the procurement (purchasing) of dogs.
• Divisions HRD, SCM and Finance to assist with a more efficient supplier
registration and procurement process (Benchmarked with SARS who has a
dedicated procurement team dealing with the procurement process)
• It is fruitless expenditure to have trained K9 handlers without dogs at K9 Units.
• K9 Units are uniform specialised service that renders a total operational
support to police stations and clusters in the prevention, combatting and
investigation of crime and enhances community relations, however funds are
not allocated for the purchasing of dogs, that are constantly needed for novice
training and boarded dogs.
• It is proposed that the specialisation of K9 service be documented and
finalized with an allocated budget to ensure the specialised function.
Thank you