capacity of integration of wind farms within the spanish

1

Capacity of integration of Wind Farms within the Spanish power system:

Perspectives from the TSO

“Wind Barriers" Project PresentationMadrid, 7 October 2010

Juan Fran. Alonso Llorente

Contents

Overview of the Spanish Power System

Integration of Renewable Generation (RES) in Spain: sensitive aspects of RES for the power system

In System Planning and Access

Defining new technical requirements

In System Operation: the generation controly p g

Conclusions and Possible trends

2

RED ELÉCTRICA DE ESPAÑA

Operates the system to guarantee the power supply.

Red Eléctrica de España (REE): Mission and principles.

REE, world pioneer since 1985, as independent and exclusively dedicatedto Transmission and System Operation

Since 2006 also in the extra-peninsular systems

Designs, builds and maintains the transmission network.

Since 2007 as exclusive transmission company

It has proved fundamental for the fast and secure implementation ofelectricity market and integration of RES

Wind Integration . J.F.ALONSO. Madrid. October 7th 2010

FREE-FLOAT

80%

SEPI: Spanish Stated Owned Holding Company

SEPI 20 %

SHARE CAPITAL (Closure 2009):

3

Transmission GridMain magnitudes (SPPS)

Closure 2009

REEvs.

TOT

Lines400 kV [km ct] 17 977 99,8%

220 kV [km ct] 16 777 98,4%

Subst. 220 & 400 kV [nº bays] 3 385 96,8%

Transformers 400/X kV [MVA] 66 259 98,8%


Thinking of the challenges for integration of RES (and wind)

Do we mean system rather than grid?

Is the grid a barrier or an opportunity?Is the grid a barrier or an opportunity?

The challenges are not solely located in the grid, but in the whole

interconnected power system, including wind generation

Alth h thi d d th bj ti d l


Although this depends on the objective model

3


There are models …No challenges for the InterconnectedSystem or the GridChallenges concentrate on Generation(and Demand)



Installed capacity september 2010l Bi Cogeneration W T

… and modelsSR RES Generation, and specially Wind, has become a fundamental chapter of the electricity mix

Technology MW %

Hydro-power 16.657 17,6

Nuclear 7.455 7,9

Coal 10.789 11,4

Fuel-Gas 1.849 1,9

Combined cycles 24.792 26,2

Total (ordinary regime) 61.542 65,05

Wind power generation 19.390 20,5

Hydro

17,6%Nuclear

7,9%

Coal

11,4%

Fuel‐Gas2,0%

Combined cycle26,2%

Wind

20,5%

Solar PV

3,6%

Solar CSP0,5%

Mini‐hydro2,1%

Biomass

0,7%

Cogeneration

6,3%Waste Treat.

1,3%

46,6%


Wind power generation 9 390 20,5

Solar PV 3.372 3,6

Solar CSP 481 0,5

Biomass 684 2,1

Special regime hydro 1.965 2,1

Cogeneration 5.946 6,3

Waste treatment 1.204 1,2

Total (special regime) 33.062 34,83

Total 94.604

28,8%

4


Demand supply first semester 2010Very significant contribution of RES - 42% of electric energy

production- due to high hydro and wind production in this period.

Technology GWh

Combined Cycle 28 556Combined Cycle 28.556

Hydro 24.742

Nuclear 22.791

Wind 22.089Non-renewableCHP

15.336

Coal 6.815

Mini-hydro 3.960

Solar 3 091

Hydro18,3%

Nuclear20 6%

Wind16,4%

Solar2,3%

Non-renewable

CHP11,4%

Renewable CHP1,4%


Solar 3.091

Renewable CHP 1.896

Fuel-gas 800

TOTAL 135.076

20,6%

Coal5,0%Fuel-Gas

0,6%

Combined Cycle21,1%

Mini-hydro2,9%


Prospects and main challengesThe current high penetration of RES must be significantly increased due to ambitious national objectives (2020: 20% of Efinal40% Eelectric)

19.390 MW* 3.372 MW* 481MW*

For this challenge, REE is working to achieveSecure Integration of RES objectives in Power

System

Technical challenges motivated by particular features of new generation:

38.000 MW** 8.367 MW** 5.079 MW**


… without forgetting other organizational aspects

• Grid development• Technical Requirements• More dispatchable resources•Control by TSO

Technical challenges motivated by particular features of new generation:

Location far from load and gridVulnerability to incidents(voltage dips)Primary energy: Lack of firmness and control

* Power installed Sep 2010** NAP for 2020 submitted to EC in June10

5


Managing Access and Planning the Grid

A good programming of new non-transmission facilities (e.g., generators) musttake into account decision and commissioning processes in transmission grid:

Decision on transmission facilities

Access to the gridRegulated continuous

process by which REE

assess the aceptability of

non-transmission facilities

applications

Grid Planning• REE carries out the planning studies and

proposals

• National Goverment, with the collaboration of

Regional Administrations, approve the grid

development plan

• Every 4 years, new horizon (10 y)

• Every year review with same horizon


9

applications• Every year, review with same horizon

Binding (unlike indicative planning for

generation)

The actual development of the grid (authorization, construction and ; from 1to more than 10 years)


RES generation does not avoid distribution grid but requires transmissionexpansion, where the majority of Wind Power (>60%) and Solar Thermal (>80%) isexpected. RES is a relevant motivation in the current Plan:

new lines and reinforcements for avoiding constrains operation

facilities associated to physical connection

Main challenges: Grid Development

N b t ti d b

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ELS AUBALS

SECUITASECUITA

facilities associated to physical connection

OH Circuit [km] 12.270UG Cables [km] 386Uprating lines [km] 8.308SS [nº bays *] 3.476Transformers [MVA] 52.450Reactors [Mvar] 2.800Capacitors [Mvar] 1.100

New substations and bays: Some 100 buses in 220 kV

and 50 in 400 kV


CASARES

ROMICA

ALANGE

ASOMADA

NESCOMBRERAS

PEÑARRUBIA

MANZANARES

TOTANA

PALMARPALMAR

PINILLA

ROCAMORA

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SALADAS

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BARRIOS

Particular significance: Spain-France interconnection

6


The development of Spain-France Interconnection with a2 1000 MW DC d d li

Development of the Spain-France Interconnection: A priority

Spain –and Portugal- form a peninsula, also electrically, with weak electricalinterconnections with the European Union.

new 2 x 1000 MW DC underground line-Prioritary EU Project with “European Coordinator”

-1st step for objective of 4.000 MW of commercialcapacity

-Necessary for building the IEM-Fundamental for RES integration in Spain (& Portugal)

Wind Integration . J.F.ALONSO. Madrid. October 7th 2010 11


The transmission grid development in Europe

In the Ten Tear Network Development Plan (TYNDP) elaborated by ENTSO-E,

RES integration is a main motivation, representing > 25% of investment


Presented by ENTSO-E at Florence forum and published on www.entsoe.eu

7


Access and Connection : Overview

Procedures for Access and connection are managed by REE, as SO and T

Main Features Main Perspective Object - Scope

Access System Operation System behaviour

6824

12574

12574

19398

19398

EOL_RdDr

EOL_RdTp

EOL_RdTr

EOL_TOTp

EOL_TOTr 22767

8245

14523

18510

27043

Connection Transmission Engineering and Physical Feasibility

Connection Contract (CC)


81

81

400

400

481

481

6824

0 5.000 10.000 15.000 20.000 25.000 30.000

TS_RdDp

TS_RdDr

TS_RdTp

TS_RdTr

TS_TOTp

TS_TOTr

EOL_RdDp

MW

PES

CTA pte PES (RdT)

AutCon pte PES

AutAcc pte PES

Preasig pte PES RDL 6/2009

Acumulado PES ÷ Aut. Acceso

Acumulado PES ÷ Aut. Preasig.

2521

1819

702

8533

5423

4354

1069

13


In any case a new perspective is introduced

From ¿What capacity of integration ?

SRG Integration Studies

PO12.1bRD

To ¿Which conditions and requisites

would be needed to maximize secure integration of SRG (RES) and achieve the foreseen objectives?

PO12.2bRD

Capacity

Bulk System orCoverage Studies(Single Bus SystemAdequacy Studies)

Estimation of OperationConditions


14

Grid Studies

CapacityStudyArea: Nodes AC

Estimation of ConstrainsStudy Area : Multi AC

Adequacy Studies)

8


Demand Coverage Studies: Perspectives for H2014 - 2016

SRG: Installation according to amounts byRDL6/2009 y RD1578/2008

Load curve is basically maintained

El t i d d “d l d” 3 4

Demand Generation2014 ÷ 2016

“Single Bus” System Model oriented to assess sufficiency ofgeneration (and other) resources to guarantee Security of Supply

RDL6/2009 y RD1578/2008

ORG : Programs from agents

Electric demand “delayed” 3-4 years from last official plan (within H2016) Wind Power 26,3 ÷ 29 GW

[MW]

R R H d d ORG d t S it

SRG according to available estimated resource

Rest ORG

SPILLAGE


15

For ORG: Hourly power requirement very exigent for Thermal ORG (stop/start, ramps) For SRG: Spillage of primary resource is foreseen (wind estimations are shown)

very dependent of several factors

may be significant (0,7% ÷ 7 % of potential production)

-Demand (magnitude and manageability)

-Hydraulicity

-Interconnection Capacityf

[h]RoR Hydro and ORG due to Security


Capacity Studies

Assessment of generation limits to preserve adequacy and security of power

system, according to planning and operation criteria, applied to an horizon within the

current medium term grid development plan

Adequacy: Assessment of generation limits by nodes and zones, reflecting

structural grid capacity

Steady State Behaviour (load flow contingency analysis)

Short-circuit power (5% Scc, for non dispatchable fluctuant generation)

Security: Validation of previously concluded limits by nodes and zones


16

Dynamic behaviour (stability after short-circuit)

Design criteria: buses with sufficient meshing, minimum magnitud for

generation, …..

9


TOPOLOGICAL SCOPE NATURE OF LIMITATION Transmission node (and associated Load flow capacity

Planning and access studies for special generationThe planning and access studies are carried out with different analysisperspectives and different time horizons, resulting in connection capacitieswhich enable location optimization:

(distribution)

p y Short-circuit power (Scc) Stability

CapNode CapReg : Nodal capacities are not mutually compatible and resulting grid development needs are not coherent Electric zones (and associated distribution)

sharing constraint Load flow capacity Short-circuit power (Scc) Stability

Regional and Zonal Capacities are the “reference” for Regional Administrations (competent for AA of SRG) and for access managementThi i lid t t th i l l l d id i t t


This scenario validates up to the regional level and avoids persistentconstraints within this scope Power System Feasibility Balance P+jQ

StabilityHowever, lack of national coordination does not prevent potential constraintswhen regional plans are developed up to their limits


Cost Allocation of New Facilities

Investment CostOperation and

Maintenance Cost

Transmission grid development implications

Maintenance Cost

TransmissionFacilities

Directly associatedto connection

Agent System

StructuralReinforcement

System

(Agent guarantees 20% of Cost)System

Connection Facilities Agent


New bay

New substation

as in/out of

existing line

New

bay

Existing

Substation

TransGrid

Connection Facilities (no TransGrid)

10


Technological vulnerability (voltage dips which lead tosudden disconnections).

Voltage(pu)

1

start of disturbance

0,80,95 pu

Situations where generators

must remain connected

Main Technical Requirements

0,2

0,5 1 Time (sec)0 15

Clearance of the faultFault length

0,6

2 ph isolated fault

The “grid code” (PO 12.3) establishes the

required level for Low Voltage Through CapabilityReal Time Risk Assesment


q g g p y

Need to extend LVRTC to all significant generation

New requirements: specially dynamic control of voltage

Other challenges: protection equipment and philosophy


The effects of collaboration on wind generationadaptation to technical requirements

Collaboration has been vital for implementation of technical requirements(specially Low Voltage Ride Through Capability)• Grid code improvement (PO12.3: chapter concerning LVRTC)• Elaboration of certification procedures for existing plants• Surveillance of compliance

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

40

60

80

100

r o

f P

ow

er L

oss

es

• Surveillance of complianceThe fulfilment of LVRTC requirements has had a very positive evolution with an immediate consequence on registered generation trips

4.0006.0008.000

10.00012.00014.00016.00018.000

ACCUMULATED CERTIFIED POWER


0

2000

4000

0

20

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Nu

mb

er

Number of Wind Power Losses Bigger than 100 MW Wind Power NO Fulfilling PO 12.3

02.0004.000

2007

-09

2007

-11

2008

-01

2008

-03

2008

-05

2008

-07

2008

-09

2008

-11

2009

-01

2009

-03

2009

-05

2009

-07

2009

-09

2009

-11

Total adaptation except <1,000 MW within the next year

and no reductions for this reason within 2010

11


Control Needs and Actions upon Special Generation

Special Generation has to be dispatched with priority over OrdinaryGeneration, what implies the actions

1. Whenever technically possible, the SO must solve the technicalt i t b i i i t ti t O di G ticonstraints by issuing instructions to Ordinary Generation:

Power Output Reduction

Disconnection of Plants

2.However, it may be necessary to issue Control Actions on SpecialGeneration, by :

a) Production Constraints (reduce or disconnect):

Taking into account additionalreserves if needed


Local zonal congestions (transmission or distribution)

System Stability (instruction depending on technical compliance of plants)

G-D balance in power and regulating reserve (specially off-peak and transitions)

b) Q/V Management: Set-point from SO substitutes reference for cos(established RD661)


CECRE: Created by REE in 2006, is a control centre devoted to Special Regime Generation and especially to Wind Power:

Integrated in REE’s control structure

Communication with generation Control Centres (SRGCCs) for supervision and control instructions.

REE’s Solution: CECRE

According to RD661/2007 all special regime plants >10 MW must be connected to a SRGCC.

CECRE issues generation instructions through the SCADA system to the Control Centres.

CECOEL / CECORE

CECRE

Link

Direct Link CECRE‐SRG where Setpoint Instruction

is transmitted automatically to be converted by plant


SRGCC: Special Regime Generation Control Centre

CCCONV: Control Centre for conventional generation

Link and telecommand

SRGCCnSRGCC1CCCONV …Link and

telecommand

Iccp L

Link and telecommand

744 WPP via 16 GCCs347 nonWPP via 21 GCCs

(Sep 2010)

in effective action, was a scenario non used

25 SRCCGs

12


INTEGRATION IN CECRE OF OTHER GENERATION TECHNOLOGIES In 2009 new information and functionalities have been incorporated


23


Production Mismatch over Programmed Production

Production schedules for new RES generation areimproving but are still far from conventional plants interms of firm productionTotal Mismatches are mainly concentrating in the new 2ary

Resources in Aug10

y gRES technologies and require resources (2aryRes+3ary Res + Mismatch Mech)

January 10 May 10 August 10

TECNOLOGY

Total Mismatch (%)

COST [€/MWh]

Total Mismatch (%)

COST [€/MWh]

Total Mismatch (%)

COST [€/MWh]

Wind 10 5 2 39 11 7 1 25 10 6 1 04

2ary Reg

21,7%

3ary Reg

26,2%

Mismatch

Man.52,1%


24

Wind 10,5 2,39 11,7 1,25 10,6 1,04

Solar PV 22,9 2,27 11,6 0,83 10,2 0,37

Solar Thermal 65,2 4,67 48,1 1,4 22,6 0,78

Hydro 2,9 0,62 4,3 0,31 3,5 0,34

Thermal RES 6,2 1,04 10 0,54 3,4 0,23Thermal non RES 1,9 0,34 2,2 0,1 3,5 0,10

13


Wind Power: Aggregated hourly deviation (%)

D i ti hi hl t bili dDeviation highly stabilised:

Weighted Average Deviation: 13 - 14 %

Simple Average Deviation : 16 - 17 %



Wind Power: Aggregated deviation (by program and hour)


No evidence that

distance to closure time

implies more accuracy

14


Production Mismatch. Some comparisons (i)Wind Power Mismatch and Cogeneration Mismatch


27


The many advantages of renewable energy lead to maximize installation.

In this context REE works in the solution of the challenges (technical,regulatory, organisational) in order to preserve the security and quality ofsupply in the power system.

Some conclusions and possible trends

supply in the power system.

Grid Access, Planning and Development: Significant expansion is needed

Better Controllability for System Operation, including forecast improvement

Identification of new technical requirements and regulatory proposals

However, probably the greatest challenges lay on preserving dispatchabilitywhen balancing G D, which calls for resources and sufficient control by TSO

New generation satisfying response requirements and enlarging energy storage


New generation satisfying response requirements and enlarging energy storagepossibilities

More active participation of the demand side, including the incorporation to the

electric sector energy consumption currently in other sectors: Electric Vehicles

For this aim, fruitful coordination of involved stakeholders and Adminstrationsis necessary

15


Thanks for your attention!

Juan Francisco Alonso Llorente

www.ree.es


www.ree.es

capacity of integration of wind farms within the spanish

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