cape rachado site a analysis
TRANSCRIPT
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CAPE RACHADO-SITE ANALYSIS-
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SITE PLAN01/
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plan/
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location plansite plan
PORT DICKSON
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location plansite plan
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key plansite plan
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site plansite plan
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topography/
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contours and topographysite plan
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section/
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section a-asite plan
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section b-bsite plan
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section c-csite plan
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EXISTING STRUCTURE02/
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concrete pathwayexisting structure
Built all along the hiking trail from the lighthouse to the beach
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concrete pavementexisting structure
REINFORCED CONCRETE
EPOXY COATED RE-
BARS
COMPACTED SUBGRADE
STRENGTHS:-low maintenance
-relatively high friction surface prevents slipping-provides a clean and easy path for visitors to
walk on-durable especially in forests with extreme climates
water resistant
WEAKNESS:-surface is very likely to crack as years pass.
-moss growth makes it slippery
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concrete stepsexisting structure
E
C
The materials used are similar to concrete pavement.
The measure of the stairs are different. Stair wide are all similar, about 60cm. Stair raise range from 20cm to 50cm.Stair run range from 20cm to 50cm.
REINFORCED CONCRETE
POXY COATED RE-
BARS OMPACTED
SUBGRADE
WEAKNESSES:-Some stairs on site were not built according to the standard requirement.
-Some of the raise is too high or stair run is too cramped, making walkingdifficult and unsafe.
REASON:-It was built according to the mountain surface, causing it to go against
the setrequirement.
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Wood installed along certain parts of the pathway acts as a boundary to separate natural and built
landscapes
WEAKNESS:Not able the withstand
climate changes, such as moisture ( grow moss) and
termite attacks.
Some pathways were created based on the position of rocks in the area. Visitors
have to step through the stones to continue their way.
STRENGTH:Preservation of natural elements, minimal
destruction of nature
WEAKNESS:Hazardous, not suitable for children and old people
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metal railingsexisting structure
Colour: brown
Reason: To blend in with nature. The design principle of harmony avoids conflict with colours between it and its surroundings.
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Railing Measurements
The railings can be found along the pavement and stairs when the terrain is steeper.
Connected by hex bold screws.
All railings share the same measurement.
HexHex Bolt
Railing Details
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Huge space between handles:-Visitors are able to experience
the texture of the plants.
-View of natural environment not obstructed. Experience of 5
senses emphasized.
Material:Steel
Strengths:Steel lasts longer compared to wood after
painted.Cost-efficient.
Weather resistance, strong and durable.
Weaknesses: Openings too big, not safe for
children Steel rusts if lack maintenance
metal railingsexisting structure
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retaining wallexisting structure
•
•
A short wall that spans along parts of the walkway that are very steepPrevents soil erosion and landslides that could block the pathway
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Top of the wall carved to resemble a tree log
Heights are inconsistent due to steep contour of the site Slanted by 20-40 degrees inconsistently throughout the whole walkway
retaining wall detailsexisting structure
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Material:concrete
material usedexisting structure
PROS-Firm and steady structure that will withstand the test of time-Suitable for holding loose and wet soil-Cost efficient
CONS
stained by dirt and- Easily soil
- Plants cracks
easily grow through the that may affect the
structure
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entranced gazeboexisting structure
It is built after the light house, the hut act as an ‘entrance’ for the journey to the beach below the hill
REASON:The boards in it display information about the birds. Visitors learn about what they are going to see before they start walking the trail.
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entranced gazeboexisting structure
-Equipped with information signboards about the site
-Pitch shaped roof ease elimination of rainwater
-Shelters visitors from rain and sunlight
-In terms of form, it is a common design
STRENGTHS:
Allow visitors to be sheltered from
unpleasant climate. Durable and long-lasting
WEAKNESSES:
Plain and boring design No seats provided
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signboards in the gazeboexisting structure
STRENGTHS:Allow visitors to learn about the site
Reduce the plainness of the gazebo
Information is not updated regularly
WEAKNESS:Lack of maintenance
(no improvements made)
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•••
Subjected to corrosion Strong supporting structureNon-resistant to wet and fire
1.Zinc Roof Tile••Highly resistant to corrosion Cheap, durable, light
•••
Function as supporting system DurableResistant to corrosion
1
2. Wood2
33. Concrete column
materiality-gazeboexisting structure
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PlanFront Elevation Right Elevation
drawings-gazeboexisting structure
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gazebo-roofingexisting structure
STRENGTHS:Zinc roof resistant to weather
Low maintenance Metal reflects heat and
blocks its fromheating the interior
WEAKNESSES:Metal nails rust
easily Zinc roof creates noisy sound when hit by rain.
Lack light penetrationLack maintenance
WOODEN STRUCTURE:
Strong and able to blend with the
surroundings. Connected together by metal nails
METAL ROOF:
Shelter for visitor while raining. Save cost and light in weight, easy to install.
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Roof Structure Type
Material• Timbe
r
Structure• Tri-bearing roof
trusses.
Strength•••
Span much longer distance Very stable and strong Cheap
•
WeaknessesTimber will rot or warp, especially
•
•
when exposed in natural environmentWood attracts insects invaders such as termitesSuffer damage from high winds or violent weather.
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columns-gazeboexisting structure
Concrete column painted like wood appearance
To synchronize with the surrounding nature
Create the beauty rather than a plain grey
column
STRENGTH:As a supporting structure in the same time enhance
theaesthetic of the structure.
WEAKNESS:Bulky in size but overall acceptable
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curved benchesexisting structure
• Place for people to rest, sit and enjoy nature
• Located 3 M from entrance gazebo
• Facing the sea, enables visitors to see birds flying from the sea
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Curved Bench Measurements
Front
Elevation
Side elevation
Material: Concrete• Strong and sturdy• Low maintenance requirement• Can easily withstand local weather conditions• Can last very long• Cost efficient
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StrengthAccessiblePlaced near a place where all visitors pass by, easily spotted
WeaknessDamagedCracks and signs of vandalism can be found all over the bench
OpportunityPotential HotspotStructures can be built here due to high accessibility and good view.However, tall trees blocked the view.
ThreatVandalism ProneNo security to stop hooligans from damaging public property
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observatory decksexisting structure
All observatory decks are located at the side of the slope facing towards the sea.
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Wooden platform is elevated based on terrain
The observatory deck serves as a bird watching platform
The railing is painted yellow in colour so that it attracts attention from afar
Birds come from the direction of the sea into the forest, making it easier to spot them
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• It is designed without a roof, so that visitors will be able to watch the birds from any direction
• Larger and further field of vision
• A platform is created by piercing the steel railing deep into the soil to strengthen the grip.
• Flat surface surrendered to pathway, pushing the deck above a slope
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layout of the observatory deckexisting structure
Information rack
Bench
STRENGTHS:Square observatory deck maximizes
space. Information rack placed in front,convenient to read.
Bench located at the back to not block the other visitors who are observing the birds.
WEAKNESSES:No rain shelter for
visitors Poor maintenance: Information rack vandalised and abandoned Rusted steel and softened wood
jeopardizes visitor safety
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Observatory Deck Measurements
Front Elevation
Plan
Right Elevation
Front Elevation
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picnic tablesexisting structure
Amodified table with attached benches, designed for picnicking
Signboard
Picnic Tables
Trail
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picnic tablesexisting structure
MATERIALS:Wood, steel, nuts and bolts
NUTS AND BOLTS:Made of medium carbon
steel Balanced ductilityGood wear resistance
But rusts rather quickly
Bolts Screws
Wooden Panel
STRENGTHS:Strong timber panels which blends in with
nature. Steel can withstand a huge amount of weight.
WEAKNESSES:Color on panels wear
off the wood panels are not secure due to rusty nuts and bolts
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Picnic Table Measurements
Plan
Axonometric Drawing
0.3M
0.7M
1.83M
1.94M
0.4M
0.74M
Front Elevation
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materiality-picnic tablesexisting structure
Wood
Metal
Concrete
WOOD••
•
Cheap and easy to attain. Wood protectant protects it from cracking, warping, or rotting due to moisture.The table-top and bench-top boards are attached to the trusses or beams using screws or nails.
METAL•
••
Heavy, durable and require little maintenance.Stable, strong. Painted to avoid rusting.
CONCRETE• Sets the benches
in place.
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colour selection
REDDISH-BROWN• Nature and down-to-earth color signifying stability, structure and support.• Encourages a strong need for security and a sense of belonging, with family and friends being of utmost importance.• Suits to the surroundings such as colour of soil and trees. Harmonizes with nature.
YELLOW•
•
•
Evokes a warming effect, arouses cheerfulnessStrengthens relationship between family and friendsStimulates mental activity and energy (able to continue journey after an exhausting hiking).
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beach gazeboexisting structure
•
•
A structure designed for visitors to rest and enjoy the view of the beach.Most of the structure were made of timber, which absorbs less heat and blends in with nature.
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3m
2m
0.9mPlan
3m
2.1m
0.6m
Front elevation
drawings
•
•
Elevated, in case of rising sea levels and invading insects.Elements of traditional Malay architecture and ornamentation.
Metal cover
Wooden decorative design
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(Timber)
Bench (Timber)
Base (Concrete)
Deck (Timber)Roof(Metal)
Structure
Metal (painted blue)•••
Able to withstand tough weather conditions. Reflects sunlight. (absorbs less heat)In correllance with the blue sea
Timber (brown)•••
Blends in with nature. Less heat absorbed.Gives a feeling of peacefulness and harmony. materials and
colorsexisting structure
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LANDSCAPE03/
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dense
Less dense
density of greenerieslandscape
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soil conditionlandscape
Forest soil
•Accumulation of organic matter
•Low pH•Low plant•High clay
nutrient content
Mud
•Holds moisture•Good drainage
Sand
•Dry•Insufficient nutrients•Cannot transport water from lower strata
longitudinal section
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Beach 1
Forest soil Mud
Sandy soil
Beach 2
Beach 2
condition of soillandscape
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Longitudinal section
Tallest shortest
height of treeslandscape
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Beach 1
Beach 2
height of treeslandscape
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Longitudinal section
species of treeslandscape
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Longitudinal section
H: approx. 60m ; D: 12mLarge TreesMeranti Tembaga
Approx. 12m
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60m
meranti tembaga (Shorea Leprosula)
bark with shallow V-shapedGreyish brown fissures
Outer Bark
•Dull purplish brown.
•Hard and brittleInner BarkDull yellowish brown
GrowsFlatWell
on: topography drained soil
Strongly light demanding
Sapwood
•Pale cream
•Resinous
Heartwood
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Longitudinal section
approx. 50m ; D: 2.5mH:Big assMeranti
tree Seraya
Approx. 18m-20m
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meranti seraya (Shorea Curtisii)
130ft
Giant grey or reddish-brown bark with course fissures
Defined as a floristic tree
Tree as a crown appears greyish-green stand-out among other trees of forest
as canopy
Grows on:
Low land/Steep land
Elevation 300-800m
Near sea level
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Longitudinal section
H: approx. 12.5m ; D: 2.5mArang-arang tree
Approx. 12m
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Arang-arang (Diospyros spp.)
80ft
Medium hardwood
Density: 595-1,055 kg/m3 air dry
Natural durability:
•lighter coloured is non durable.
•Darker coloured is durableTexture: fine and even with straight to slightly
easy to work with to produce smooth
interlocked grain
Machining property:surface
Shrinkage: high, especially in the streaky material. tangential shrinkageRadial shrinkage averages 4.7% while
averages 8.7%.
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Longitudinal section
H: approx. 30m ; D: 0.6mPanarahan tree
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Penarahan (Myristicaceae)
with longitudinal fissures and dappledStraight bark.
Stilt roots enables growth at 100-2100m elevation
Large elliptic leaves
Grows on sandy soil
Durability:
•Adapts to rainy weather•Non resistant to
•Prone to termite
growth of fungi attack
Birds feed on its ripen fruits
30m
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Longitudinal section
H: approx. 21m ; D: 0.75mBintagor tree
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Bintangor
grain.Wood has a streaked,
Outer sapwoodYellowish brown
to frost and fireSensitive
Grows on:
Sandy beaches
Temperature moderated by the proximity of thesea and by the breezes
Uses:Boats Furniture Medicine Massage oil
(Calophyllum)30m
ribboned, or zig-zag
Inner sapwoodLight reddish
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Longitudinal section
H: approx. 30m ; D: 4mKelat tree
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Kelat (Syzygium spp.)
Medium hardwood
popularly used as plant dueto its hardiness and
an urban landscaping adaptability
Density: 495-1,010 kg/m3 air dry.
Natural durability:
•Moderately durable timber•Average service life of 3.3 years under natural Malaysian conditions
Texture: moderately fine and even with interlocked,irregular or wavy grain.
Shrinkage: high, with radialtangential shrinkage averaging
shrinkage averaging 1.9% and 3.3%.
Uses:Structural purposes Ships and boats Tramways and bridges
30m
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Longitudinal section
H: approx. 30m ; D: 2.5mKaras tree
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malaccensis)
Straight and smooth-barked. sometimeswith thick (10 cm) buttresses up to 2
fluted or m high
high amount of resinGood smell. Contains
Provides agarwood
Grows on:
Primary and secondary forests
Grows well on sandy loams developed fromsandstone
6-20m
Karas (aquilariaENDANGERED SPECIES
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H: approx. 5m ; D: 0.8mMangrove tree
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Mangrove tree (Rhizophoraceae Bruguiera)
Medium height
Salt tolerant trees (halophytes) adapted to livein harsh coastal conditions
Adapts to low oxygen
loss:Adaptation to limit water•restrict the opening of their stomata•vary the orientation of their leaves to avoid theharsh midday sun
Grows Saline
in:coastal sediment habitats
4-9m
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Ashen coloured water
with sandLand covered androcks in various
sizes
Sea snails attachedonto rocks
beach condition analysislandscape
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migratory bird/
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P A C I F I C S W I F T
( A p u s p a c i f i c u s )
Can be distinguished through white rump band and heavily marked under part
Breeds in sheltered locations such as caves.
Strongly migratory
Call: typical swift screams but softer andless wheezy
Status and threats: Not considered at risk.
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B A R N
( H i r u n d o
S W A L L O WR u s t i c a )
Most widespread species of swallow
• a longPasserine bird with blue upperparts forked tail • curved, pointed wingsUses man-made structures to breed
Feeds on insects caught in flight
Strongly migratory
Call: typical swift screams
Status and threats: Not considered at risk.
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C O M M O N S A N D P I P E R
( A c t i t i s h y p o l e u c o s )
18–20 cm long with a 32–35 cm wingspan
greyish-brown upperparts, white underparts,
breeds across mostof temperate and subtropical Europe and Asia
Gather and stop overs at Palau in Micronesia departs around the last week of april
Call: Chirp.
considered at risk. but in some states of
Status and threats: Not is a vulnerable species Australia.
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B l U E - T H R O A T E D
B E E - E A T E R( M e r o p s v i r i d
i s )
Small
Contrasting blue throat
Long central tail streamer
Call: Described as a liquid be-rek,be-rek; terrip-terrip. Alarm call is a sharp chip.
Migration: April-September. Before the arrival of Blue-tailed Bee-eater
Status and threats: Nesting sites affected by human interuption
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B l U E - T A I L E D
B E E - E A T E R( M e r o
p sp h i l i p p i n u s )
Small
green brown
crown and back; yellow and rufous throat; upper breast; underparts apple green.
Call: Described as a liquid be-rek, be-rek; orrillip rillip rillip.
found in scrub, mangrove, forest, cultivated areas and grasslands.
Status and threats: Blue-tailed Bee-eaters are not considered at risk
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C H I N E S E
G O S H A W K( A c c i p i t e r s o l o e n s i s )
30–36 cm in length
Female larger than the male
Adult has prominent black wing tips
Call: Vocalizes only in breeding season,especially early on; sharp "keee-keee-keee...". Generally silent.
A bird of wooded areas.
Status and threats: Not considered at risk
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G R A Y
F A C E
B U Z Z A R D
41-46 cm in length
Call: Main call described as a peevish, whistled "whick-awee" or "pik-wee".
Utilize rising air currents to gain altitude and cover great distances by soaring during migration
Status and threats:Not globally threatened (Least Concern). Size and trends of populations very poorly known.
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( A v i c e d a
B L A C KB A Z Al e u p h o t e s )
Small raptor
Often seen in groups
Soars high in the air during the migrations. But usually, it flies low with deep wing-beats interspersed with short glides on almost flat wings.
Call: Soft quavering, plaintive or whistling notes. Harsh squaks when in group.
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CLIMATIC STUDIES04/
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sunpath/
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Cape Rachado is located in Tanjung Tuan, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.
As Malaysia is located near the equator, it allows for the location to receive more sunshine.
Being close to the equator, the sun path or position does not shift much throughout the year.
On the average, Malaysia receives about 6 hours of sunshine per day. However, seasonal variations may influence the amount ofsunshine received.
Sun Orientation
Knowing the sun path and orientation of the site is vital to the design of the observation deck in order to control the amount and direction of sunlight entering the space.
Sunrise & Sunset
The site receives sunlight at around 7.13 a.m. (annual average).
Most facilities are built in the area
where HIGHER/LOWER light intensity is received, as shown in the diagram below.
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sunpath-januarylandscape
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sunpath-februarylandscape
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sunpath-marchlandscape
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sunpath-aprillandscape
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sunpath-maylandscape
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sunpath-junelandscape
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sunpath-julylandscape
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sunpath-augustlandscape
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sunpath-septemberlandscape
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sunpath-octoberlandscape
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sunpath-novemberlandscape
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sunpath-decemberlandscape
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rain/
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wind pathclimatic studies
Direction :South East to North West
Wind Speed during Site Visit :6.7mph -8.8mph
Temperature : 25- 31 Celsius
Slight wind can be felt at the start of the trail from Southwest as a result of Southwest Monsoon
Stronger wind can be felt at the end part of the trail as well as the beach because of the land breeze from the sea.
from southwest
northeast to southwest
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wind path-southwest monsoonclimatic studies
Period :April to September
Areas Affected :West Coast of Peninsular Malaysia
Rainfall at site will be higher than normal time during monsoon season.However, the monsoon wind at site cannot be felt as the site is surrounded by trees.
southwest monsoon
wind
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wind path-northeast monsoonclimatic studies
northeast monsoon
wind
Period :October to March
Areas Affected : East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia
The site is not affected by this monsoon wind as it is surrounded with trees. Rainfall normal at site
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wind strengthclimatic studies
weak
strong
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wind analysis- trailclimatic studies
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wind analysis-beachclimatic studies
wind blowingfrom
southeast
awindy +cooling
BHOT+STUFFY
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land breeze
sea breeze
The wind pattern near the beach is generated by the heat gain, heat loss, and heat storage variations between land and water.
land breeze and sea breezeclimatic studies
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wind/
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average rainfall-malaccaclimatic studies
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average rainfall precipitation-malaccaclimatic studies
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average temperature-malaccaclimatic studies
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relative humidity-malaccaclimatic studies
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relative humidity-malaccaclimatic studies
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CIRCULATION05/
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circulation
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circulation
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VIEWS+VISTAS06/
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AIM
#1 To look / observe a site which also look into the contrasting view
has more which is
positive view and the negative view.
#2 To look / observe the sites through view framing from every angle and openings, panoramic view of the best angles and
also view of the approaching site.
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Positive view Neutral view Negative view
view analysisviews+vistas
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site spotsviews+vistas
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STRENGTH•
•••
nearest/shortest distance from standby pointgreat view for bird watching great panoramic viewgood light penetration
WEAKNESS••
forest reserve view more than sea view no proper space to view the area
site 1 -observation deck 1views+vistas
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STRENGTHarea)•
•••
very thin trees (only at this sunset light penetration interesting backdropgreat bird watching view
WEAKNESS• amount of
••
view covered by the treesquite humid steep
site 2 -observation deck 2views+vistas
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STRENGTHsound of waves can be heard•
••
more thin view
light penetration into this area trees which does not affect the from top
• shady from the sunset sun
WEAKNESS•
•
steep terrain which has higher risk for trees to fallnarrow space
site 3 -observation deck 3views+vistas
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STRENGTH•
••
wide range of sea view (horizon line)view of sunrisedirect access from forest trail
WEAKNESS••
no view of sunsettide increases and covers up half of the shore in the morning
site 4 -south east beachviews+vistas
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Site V & VI- south west beach -
STRENGTH••••
wide areainteresting 180’ view breezygreat sunset view
WEAKNESS•• of the hill of
• the shore
very rocky area2 tombstones on top the mini peninsular high tide covers up during the night
site 5+6-south west beachviews+vistas
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ACTIVITIES07/
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introduction/
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activities at tanjung tuan
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main activity zoningactivities
jungle traildry activities
beachwet activities
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birdwatching zoningactivities
point1)LIGHTOUSE-
the highest viewingof
tanjung tuan.
1
2
3
3)VALLEY-an open sky clearing.
2)OBSERVATION DECK 1-an open sky
clearing above
the rest
benches.
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birdwatching zoningactivities
4)OBSERVATION DECK 2-a view of trees ahead
and above.
5)OBSERVATION DECK 3-a view of trees and
slope.
6)ROCKY CLIFF-a higher
viewing pointtowards the
ocean.
4
5
6
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migratory birds in cape rachadoactivities
Oriental Honey Buzzard
(from Japan)
Black Baza(forests of South
East Asia)
Chinese Goshawk(Southeast China)
Blur-throated Bee Eater(Brunei,
Cambodia, China)
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bird migration routesactivities
SIBERIA
CAPE RACHADO
AUSTRALIA
“Birds migrate from Siberia to Australia stop by Tanjung Tuan on their way.”
- Tanjung Tuan Rangers
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bird watching eventsactivities
Yearly event: RWW (Raptor Watch
Weekend) Organised by: MNS (Malaysian
Nature Society)
Months: March – early
April Turnout: 20,000
people per day
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Bird enthusiasts gathering at the base of the lighthouse to catch a sight of the raptors.
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1
3
2
4
meditation zonesactivities
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BEFORE OBSERVATION DECK 2
OBSERVATION DECK 3
BACKDOOR BEACH
Skinny, straight trees Sense of
verticality Spiritual and overpowering
First sounds of sea waves Cooling sea breeze
Small U-shaped bay Rocks frame the sea view
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Panoramic view of the sea Higher up, isolated Full
sunset view
rocky zone, main beachactivities
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camping zoneactivities
Flat beach to set up tent
Shaded and dry for rest space
Dry land forcampfire
CAMP SITES
RESTSHADED AREA
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types of fishactivities
Small Cuda (Barracuda)
Small Snapper
SHALLOW FISHING
DEEP BOAT FISHINGQueen Fish
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history/
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OLD TRAILactivities
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trail timelineactivities
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hotspot/
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people/
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peak seasons in a yearactivities
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peak hours in a dayactivities
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population by visitorsactivities
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localsactivities
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foreignersactivities
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population by raceactivities
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religionactivities
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types of crowdsactivities
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CASE STUDY:grand canyon observation deck,arizona
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CONCLUSION/
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POTENTIAL FEATURES
TOPOGRAPHY
ACTIVITY
VIEW
CLIMATE
CIRCULATION
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TOPOGRAPHY
• Contours/ coast
•
•
Degree of slope Water level
• Soil type
•
•
•
ACTIVITY
Purpose of observation
deck Current
activities?Introduction of new concept
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VIEW
•
••
Observation area
Landscape Coverage
Climate
••
•
Wind Sun
direction Shade
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•
••
CIRCULATION
Areas of congestion Accessibility Private / public space
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SUGGESTIONS
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1/ OBSERVATION DECKS
• PUBLIC SPACE
• BUSY
CIRCULATION
• Existing
vantage
point
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2/ MANGROVE SWAMP
• INTERESTING
VEGETATION
• OPTIMUM
OBSERVATION
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• HIDDEN /
SECLUDED• FOCUSED
VIEWPOINT
3/ BACK BEACH
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THANK YOU