capturing brownfield success: a national glimpse
TRANSCRIPT
Capturing Brownfield Success:Capturing Brownfield Success:
A National GlimpseA National Glimpse
Prepared by:The Brownfields Center (TBC)The Brownfields Center (TBC)
Carnegie Mellon and the University of Carnegie Mellon and the University of PittsburghPittsburgh
Deborah Lange, PE, DEEDeborah Lange, PE, DEE([email protected])([email protected])
Catherine RakestrawCatherine Rakestraw([email protected])([email protected])
Prepared for:
ISRC ‘99ISRC ‘99
Pittsburgh, PAPittsburgh, PASeptember 1999September 1999
Purpose of Survey Purpose of Survey
Premise: all brownfield development is successful
Capture the multiple definitions of success of a brownfield
Observe unique and common trendsExplore
– variables that impact success– outcomes that demonstrate success
Survey CompositionSurvey Composition
18 statements about “defining brownfield success”– Topics based on previous studies
performed by The Brownfields Center– 5 options to choose: 5: Strongly Agree
4: Agree
3: Have no opinion
2: Disagree
1: Strongly Disagree
Survey CompositionSurvey Composition
3 open-ended, blanks (“other”) for respondent to add any additional comments
General questions:– Geographic information (zip code)– Stakeholder role
Survey PopulationSurvey Population
Non-Pilots
# of responses = 57
37%37%
Pilots
# of responses = 98
63%63%
Total # of surveys = 155
Pilot: recipient of a USEPA Brownfield Assessment Pilot Grant
Survey PopulationSurvey Population
10 EPA Regions43 states
– (less AR, ND, UT, HI, AK, ID, OR)
12 stakeholder roles– property owner, regulator, consultant, lender,
city/county planner, economic development agency, politician, developer, real estate agent, academic/student, lawyer, other
USEPA Regions RepresentedUSEPA Regions Represented
9
10
10
9
2
6
8
37 5
4
1
2
Region 1 - 27Region 2 - 11Region 3 - 23Region 4 - 13Region 5 - 24Region 6 - 11Region 7 - 10Region 8 - 10Region 9 - 10Region 10 - 3
EPA Region # of responses
Comparison of Responses from Comparison of Responses from Populations SurveyedPopulations Surveyed
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R
Question
Me
an o
f re
spo
nse
s
Total Pop (x=155) Pilots (x=98) Non-Pilots (x=57)
Initial ObservationsInitial Observations
Majority strongly agrees on community support issues– brownfield development must be consistent with the master
plan for the community (Q)
– community must be supportive of the proposed development (R)
Majority strongly disagrees on incorporation of residential development – not necessary to maximize residential space (K)
– the influx of new residents to to the community is not the greatest benefit (O)
Non-Pilot respondents place a stronger emphasis on cost minimization (C, D, E)
Statement A: It is important to minimize the time required to get the site back into productive reuse.
Statement A: It is important to minimize the time required to get the site back into productive reuse.
3 2 1
107
3
19
9 10
62
38
24
59
41
18
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Total Pilots Non-Pilots
Groups
# o
f re
sp
on
se
s
Strongly Disagree Disagree No opinion Agree Strongly Agree
Statement B:Statement B:It is important to minimize the total cost (including It is important to minimize the total cost (including monies from all sources) to develop a site.monies from all sources) to develop a site.
2 1 1
127
5
14 12
2
58
35
23
69
44
25
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Total Pilots Non-Pilots
Groups
# o
f re
sp
on
se
s
Strongly Disagree Disagree No opinion Agree Strongly Agree
Statement C:Statement C:It is important that the costs associated with utility It is important that the costs associated with utility and other infrastructure (except transportation) and other infrastructure (except transportation) improvements are minimized.improvements are minimized.
3 2 1
21
16
5
31
23
8
59
38
21
40
20 20
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Total Pilots Non-Pilots
Groups
# o
f re
spo
nse
s
Strongly Disagree Disagree No opinion Agree Strongly Agree
Statement D:Statement D:It is important that costs associated with traffic and It is important that costs associated with traffic and transportation improvements are minimized.transportation improvements are minimized.
4 31
24
17
7
39
29
10
58
38
20
29
12
17
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Total Pilots Non-Pilots
Groups
# o
f re
sp
on
se
s
Strongly Disagree Disagree No opinion Agree Strongly Agree
Statement E:Statement E:It is important that the cost of environmental It is important that the cost of environmental remediation is minimal.remediation is minimal.
11
5 6
31
24
7
20
14
6
45
28
17
48
28
20
0
10
20
30
40
50
Total Pilots Non-Pilots
Groups
# o
f re
sp
on
se
s
Strongly Disagree Disagree No opinion Agree Strongly Agree
Statement F:Statement F:It is important to maximize the sale/lease price of the It is important to maximize the sale/lease price of the property.property.
9
4 5
21
15
6
43
26
17
48
35
13
33
19
14
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Total Pilots Non-Pilots
Groups
# o
f re
sp
on
se
s
Strongly Disagree Disagree No opinion Agree Strongly Agree
Statement G:Statement G:It is important to maximize the developed acreage that It is important to maximize the developed acreage that can support on-site jobs.can support on-site jobs.
31 2
17
11
6
28
12
16
59
42
17
47
32
15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Total Pilots Non-Pilots
Groups
# o
f re
spo
nse
s
Strongly Disagree Disagree No opinion Agree Strongly Agree
# o
f re
spo
nse
s
Statement H:Statement H:It is important to maximize the number of long term It is important to maximize the number of long term jobs created.jobs created.
31 2
74 3
22
1210
52
33
19
70
49
21
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Total Pilots Non-Pilots
Groups
# o
f re
sp
on
se
s
Strongly Disagree Disagree No opinion Agree Strongly Agree
Statement I:Statement I:It is important to maximize the acres of developed (or It is important to maximize the acres of developed (or preserved) greenspace.preserved) greenspace.
11
6 5
15
10
5
41
28
13
35
23
12
51
31
20
0
10
20
30
40
50
Total Pilots Non-Pilots
Groups
# o
f re
sp
on
se
s
Strongly Disagree Disagree No opinion Agree Strongly Agree
Statement J:Statement J:It is important to maximize the new real estate and It is important to maximize the new real estate and income tax bases.income tax bases.
41
3
10
64
26
1214
57
38
19
57
42
15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Total Pilots Non-Pilots
Groups
# o
f re
sp
on
se
s
Strongly Disagree Disagree No opinion Agree Strongly Agree
Statement K:Statement K:It is important to maximize the new residential space.It is important to maximize the new residential space.
23
1310
33
22
11
62
38
24
31
22
95 4
10
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Total Pilots Non-Pilots
Groups
# o
f re
sponses
Strongly Disagree Disagree No opinion Agree Strongly Agree
# o
f re
spo
nse
s
Statement L:Statement L:It is important to maximize new office space.It is important to maximize new office space.
95 4
20
14
6
67
44
23
47
29
18
95 4
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Total Pilots Non-Pilots
Groups
# o
f re
sp
on
se
s
Strongly Disagree Disagree No opinion Agree Strongly Agree
# o
f re
spo
nse
s
Statement M:Statement M:It is important to maximize industrial / commercial It is important to maximize industrial / commercial space.space.
73 4
8
35
38
2018
60
42
18
39
29
10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Total Pilots Non-Pilots
Groups
# o
f re
sp
on
se
s
Strongly Disagree Disagree No opinion Agree Strongly Agree
# o
f re
spo
nse
s
Statement N:Statement N:It is important to consider environmental It is important to consider environmental improvements as the greatest benefit of development.improvements as the greatest benefit of development.
10
5 5
33
20
13
27
19
8
61
41
20
24
1410
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Total Pilots Non-Pilots
Groups
# o
f re
sp
on
se
s
Strongly Disagree Disagree No opinion Agree Strongly Agree
# o
f re
spo
nse
s
Statement O:Statement O:It is important to consider the influx of new residents It is important to consider the influx of new residents to the community as the greatest benefit of to the community as the greatest benefit of development.development.
24
15
9
28
17
11
51
33
18
40
27
1311
74
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Total Pilots Non-Pilots
Groups
# o
f re
sp
on
se
s
Strongly Disagree Disagree No opinion Agree Strongly Agree
Statement P:Statement P:It is important to consider the improvements to It is important to consider the improvements to surrounding businesses as the greatest benefit of surrounding businesses as the greatest benefit of development.development.
4 31
22
1012
35
23
12
71
48
2322
15
7
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Total Pilots Non-Pilots
Groups
# o
f re
sp
on
se
s
Strongly Disagree Disagree No opinion Agree Strongly Agree
Statement Q:Statement Q:It is important that the development of a brownfield be It is important that the development of a brownfield be consistent with the master plan for the community.consistent with the master plan for the community.
0 0 03 2 15 3 2
49
25 24
99
69
30
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Total Pilots Non-Pilots
Groups
# o
f re
spo
nse
s
Strongly Disagree Disagree No opinion Agree Strongly Agree
Statement R:Statement R:It is important that the community be supportive of the It is important that the community be supportive of the proposed development.proposed development.
0 0 00 0 04 2 2
44
2420
107
73
34
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Total Pilots Non-Pilots
Groups
# o
f re
sp
on
se
s
Strongly Disagree Disagree No opinion Agree Strongly Agree
Outcomes that Reflect Success Outcomes that Reflect Success % that Agrees & Strongly Agrees% that Agrees & Strongly Agrees
23.4%
33.1%
36.8%
54.8%
56.2%
60.4%
65.1%
68.8%
74.0%
79.2%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%
Residential space
Influx of new residents
New office space
Environmental improvements
Acres of greenspace
Improvements to surrounding business
Industrial/commercial space
Acreage to support on-site jobs
New real estate and income tax bases
Long-term jobs
Ou
tco
me
s
% of responses that agree/strongly agree
Variables that Impact Success Variables that Impact Success % that Agrees & Strongly Agrees% that Agrees & Strongly Agrees
52.6%
56.5%
60.0%
64.3%
79.1%
81.9%
94.9%
97.4%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Sale/lease of property
Traffic / transportation costs
Env. remediation costs
Utility and infrastructure costs
Time to productive use
Site development costs
Consistency w/ master communityplan
Community support
Var
iab
les
% of responses that agree/strongly agree
Additional Factors Additional Factors (suggested by responses to S, T and U)(suggested by responses to S, T and U)
– Economics– Environmental– Financial– Land Use Planning– Legal / Regulatory
– Socio-economics– Stakeholder
involvement– Sustainability
• Multi-dimension issue• A variety of issues
EconomicsEconomics
Who pays/ who benefits?Balance cost and benefitsMarketing studies
EnvironmentalEnvironmental
Human health and the environmentRiskConsistency with end useInstitutional controlCost effectiveSecondary impact
FinancialFinancial
Public/private partnershipsPrivate investmentState/Federal incentives
Land Use PlanningLand Use Planning
Master planningCompatibilityEnd goal - end usersNeighborhoodsTrade-offsMixed useLimit industrial corridorsAccessibility
Legal / RegulatoryLegal / Regulatory
Time and costLimit attorneysRegulatory agency cooperation
Socio-economicsSocio-economics
Customers/labor forceNew job creationJob trainingEnvironmental justiceImprove image/eliminate blightCatalyst for development/multiplierBalance needs and priorities
Stakeholder Involvement Stakeholder Involvement
Accurate information Community communication networksCommunity buy-inCity administration buy-inKey officials supportChampions in leadership rolesPublic/private/community partnershipMaximize resources and expertise
SustainabilitySustainability
“Smart growth”Quality of lifePreservation of greenspaceBrownfield preventionCommunity needs/benefits
KEY ELEMENTS OF SUCCESSKEY ELEMENTS OF SUCCESS
PartnershipsStakeholder participationRecognition of communityCreative financingProductive reuseCreation of new jobs
Additional AnalysesAdditional Analyses
Differentiation between USEPA Regions
Differentiation between stakeholder groups
Principal component analysisProactive application of results
Implications for Future StudyImplications for Future Study
Given: ‘Success’ will have common features
Given: ‘Success’ will have site specific features
Is it reasonable to think that this complexity can be captured in an ‘equation’?