Immunotherapy:

Is a type of treatment that utilizes the body’s own immune

system to fight cancer

Improves the body’s ability to detect and kill cancer cells

Is based on the concept that immune cells or antibodies can

recognize and kill cancer cells

Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs):

Also known as “Chimeric immunoreceptors, Chimeric T cell

receptors, Artificial T cell receptors”

These receptors are engineered receptors and are used to graft

the specificity of a monoclonal antibody onto a T cell.

The receptors are called chimeric because they are composed of

parts from different sources.

CARs are under investigation as a therapy for cancer, using a

technique called adoptive cell transfer.

How to produce CAR T-cells??

Two components are involved in the making of a virus-based gene delivery system:

The packaging elements which include the structural proteins as well as the enzyme necessary to generate an infectious particle

The vector itself, which is the genetic material that will be transferred to the target cell (intracellular, transmembrane, extracellular and GFP )

The structure of CARs:

Toxicity of CAR T-cell therapy :

Management of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell toxicity

Why CAR T cells?

•1- MHC independent recognition and activation.

•2-High selectivity and specificity.

•High affinity.

CR : complete response

NED : no evidence of

disease

NI : no information

OR : objective response

PR : partial response

SD : stable disease

* : Patient relapsed with

antigen-negative disease

‡ : Patient death on

study.

CR : complete response

NED : no evidence of

disease

NI : no information

OR : objective response

PR : partial response

SD : stable disease

* : Patient relapsed with

antigen-negative disease

‡ : Patient death on

study.

Facilitating trafficking to tumors and persistence for long periods

The localization of sufficient numbers of T cells to tumors .

Reducing the risk of direct toxicity and uncontrolled proliferation.

Finding ways to control cytokines production.

Improving CARs that recognize intracellular molecules .

Finding a specific tumor antigens and engineering CARs that cover all cancers.

Improved animal models and protocols standardization.

Next generation CAR technology:

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