-88.0 30.0

car97.dmaspot.bln

-72.0 - 56.0 30.0

7. 0 -1--....--...--.-r-._--..=:.....---.---.---~...---,.---r---.-~-r--r--.---r----~-.--...---.--.,.---.---.--...,..-,...-+. 7. 0 -88.0 -72.0 -56.0

Longitude

('O.ri 7. r1JSi:'c-f1-1 "' , '?

-f/ tJ G-5> he_;{ J,'"'?J (

Q)

"C ::J -tJ

-tJ

tO ....1

FFT TC > 22 (S 49) ; Can. TC > 30 (N 49)

-130.0 -98.0 -66.0

53.0 53.0

+ + + + + +

+ +

+ + ~ + + + + + + + + * t +\ + +

+

\+ l + • +

•• + /+++ +t +

•" ,·\ ++ \

24.0~~~~~~~~~~~~-~~~~,·~-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~·~~-r~~~ 24.0 -66 .0 -130.0 -98.0

Longitude "---------------------------·- ·----------__..1

T·f- rr; Tel:. h c, v-P Fn-.. ),~ ref I. c.. c c, /7~~1 Ar;yx. ( 3c·f) Tcls ,._j

2"'" / ~ br ~c;

..--t;J 1110 (_ L, 11Atja6 q_s ...._

~t1 uP S~cvfd ~ /?0 d ( -./k t-f*'Y( Ce hRI~~VJ Tc/ .. ).~ S' 0 t 'f 7° Iff

7 q_ TC >3o 1'/ I C..C70 cl-c .. .,

0 (_) "'J"6 lr lz~o (0~-'lU...-v<:. h~ crl C1'1 e_r hs~c, ~. ~T Tc:~

{(r-t' Jo~'"'f Cvr...1r-Yt ·4u;'1 8 1417q4 ~our 7 / ~

West to East Geoid Tilts across North America -G96SSS minus EGM96 (Bouguer eon·eeted) Undulations:

24 to 53 N: + 30 em

42 to 53 N : + 31 em G96SSS minus ITRF94/NAVD88 (GPS/Benehmark) Undulations:

24 to 53 N: + 1 em 42 to 53 N: + 0 em

G96SSS trlinus GSD95 Undulations: 42 to 53 N: +125 em

(vx 8. b)

/ttt~ ~ - Q .ss-z fVIRi<-? ( FLA)

M(J-1.; + z, I 9'~ ~-kr.s ( Ro~e.s)

RIR/D

• •• • • • • p : ..

• • • . ·. . . . ~ . . : \ I I # '

• • • t

• • • • I ~: \

' : : REMOVE MASSES (M) ! . . . • •

· --~~-~~~~--............... -!.. _ ____ G

p

• G

RESTORE COND. MASS (C)

DOWNWARD CONTINUE

:Po --4·------- ·--G

R/0/R

• •• . . . . • • • • • • .·. . . : ~. .. . . '

p

. . , . .. • • t . . . '

I ~~· \, I ' 0

; REMOVE MASSES (M) : I I

G

0/R/R

--~~~~~~~~G

9(3) =g p p

- -------------------

I I

! • ·-~~~~~~22~~-,. • • • • • ..--·-• --·-----' --- G • · ,.,- G

AM ~ ~~ - p +0(.;

~----- - - --- - - ------

. P,P0 r-------------------

--

• • • . • DOWNWARD • CONTINUE I I I I I

-~ ····-·

-AM DC(I) p+ PP.

'0

Po

G

• -- G

RESTORE COND. MASS (C)

• .. • • • • • • • • • • .· ...... • • • • • • • • • • • •

• • • • • • • • I •• •

•• • ~ ' • • • ' REMOVE MASSES (M) : I I

-~ I

i I . ~ -----------· . · ·' G

_{I,M) M +DC -A

P,P0 Po

Po • G

RESTORE COND. MASS (C)

--

.-, 1rJ d1] "M I r l~d ~te/tt,j cl Co'1 elf~-~ ( crflJ-, '' ~ pr/fhcr.y we..-;~ ;_; )~,.- f ~<

R luff< y, f/ JJ '(;"' 1-flc., o fh-s-1- ])c 3 ra. J t'r' "1 f

(h...- '1) ( c ) /V\{.)Ct "7 •

.I VI .f<,--/1~ I 111tt.JS-e.f (;;._:d'c/..P ;t(!l~'oltl)

Cu"' ~;zf<"'d Crv~fc. I HtUI~.>

/11qJ.k.> (~ ? ... ll lo §.,.-h.C( ( c r ... ~;k; I)

(centered) G96SSS residuals wrt ITRF94/NAV088 GPS/Level Benchmarks

0.4

0.2

o+-J

...c 0\

0.0 Q)

I :f~ -o + ·- ~+ 0 -0.2 Q)

0 1. + • 0

* ::J - 0.4 -o + (/) + Q)

0:::

- 0.6

25 30 35 40 45 50 Latitude (Degrees)

Q) "0 :J ...... ·-...... a:s _J

FFT TC > 22 (S 51) ; Can. TC > 22 (N 51)

-130.0 -98.0 -66.0

53.0 53.0

+ + + + + +

+ +

+ + ~ +

.: \+

+

++

~g

~ . . 24,0 +-r-r-T- r-T.....,.--r-r-r.,.-r""T"""r,-,--r-r-,-1-+r-M-.....,··-r-·1··-r-r.,.-r-+r-,.-·r-..,...,....-,--,-·.-.--r-r-·.....--r-T"""-r--r-r·, -·r-fl, ..,..~•....-r-·•--r-..-.-..-r--l- 24.0

-66.0 - 130.0 -98.0

Longitude

_. ... 4---~

-f? cl-

P-N w,

j 2 0 I'VljCJ 0

( ~1-J.._s :t ?f)

f I • . • f_.M5 Cav.l• ''5

~q ,.) 5/.s. 7, 2..

A~"> o.:- a"""~ /I?. .... ~(, 'rvrf,t,W'-.,1- ; B~t.r~;yt; s

(!..,/.4.._ /:Ja,.,..,,~,..- Sh-4.d

/7)0 fo~v)

ft;a t1"" lt )

Mt-f.,lco 9 7

" T: 0. "'7 .-u~ '""Y £..c.> (VI ' .., •·j

- j~o If I h ,, S:ynfv..:r 2

:t IO (J,e}Jr... ± _')

- kif f(c.!)e · - 32. Myq/_; ( Gv~rkM G (~J

+ 57 t'Y?J~J> ( ( vb~)

-88.0 30.0

-88.0

car97·.ngsboth.bin

··72.0

-72.0

Longitude

-56.0 30.0

7.0 -56.0

(~ur97. d~-~_~p.:l· b,..,

'f 1\/Gs hdc.l'~Jl ,t ;Jtl,(A rt_l#'if.,t·& f?VCtl- cfcth1

rr·l~ fo (u.n ~ 17 ~ t/~ o3 2- fA

Q)

"C ::s ..... ..... «S

...J

-88.0 30.0

car97 .all. bin

-72.0 -56.0 30.0

7.0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-+ 7.0 -56.0 -88.0

"

-72.0

Longitude

\..JA. rL{ I. Cj II, fO,...,

~ Cc;w,h,...;,c/ t{&.> /r/1/Jfft j.,<:;(,/,"'.t.s g'orr~ 1:1/rJ (!G'.,...,hq7

G 26, ez; fn.

I Dq - CJ~ r..~ 7 L[ ___ J_s_~_7._,_z ________ __

) <;I 't--- f-oo I u/V

(>s )) t-o,~,,,~, l

----------=-----... -

- 6a Jj{:M)

sc }(M

200 rYt

c:Ji(s ho re_ I I

Jsrr ' r--)

ec r I vv (! i I(: (I ( { jq \ 0 ·I I ('

;.. I t/1 /

1 I J' ( ( { ,-- , I j f ;, ·

J /

/ 1 ( l'/ /

I I'

/ } ( 1 r t I) ~

, , . I \ (' '/ ' c· J ( -j t / I

-

- (de(> f: 20 c~ ----

Cr .VI L( l iII f (I ; ) j( ! - J '

------------ e e,,( f(c:,"ft. ~ - SLf r,.,., ( W~> f- G~.-1 I)

-f yy c~o-t { Er.sf ol- ~l-ac;.,..,>)

- ~fc·pes. ~ T,:. 1-u ( (} .' u I I f(,.,

FL MN . fv ().o_)

f:::' c 0" ~ j- c z8 cv (o-. ..5+- G .,/fa

s ~- 7,2. G. e ot-J \{j, 6P.s. (3;11~ ;

j(;V15 C-3o 0, z.s- c (cC..f

Geoid Differences -- SS7 .2 vs. KMS Altimetry

Range: -54 em (west Gulf) to +44 em (east of Bahamas)

Regional differences: TX to CA 0.11 ppm FL to MN 0.05 ppm E coast 0.28 ppm W coast 0.16 ppm

Compare against GPS Benchmarks (units of ppm)

TX to CA FL to MN E coast W coast ss 7.2 0.35 0.23 0.88 0.60 KMS 0.30 0.25 0.64 0.49

;,

oN~ D71!D Level j_ ' __ -v""" ___ __ USGS 8

''o'-D ''

0 N?•7 /

NvJ

- 3 Sortr v+ O:Jf"l'' iAN'·1r

1) ;V•'"t, E~ ; 5' CQ./1;, d<W ~ ct.,~ 1 e><"t' .._ sl•f"? o" -fh.r So.A4 ed;ys

z) (f.,-/y.. I 3/o ds : ".!. 2 0 ""'!<~ h > "ff /;~J Av+// . fV..t-kr-s a.dckJ (,Y! cc.r~r:lly) fc Lc,4; ~w/ c../..h-- 'D?O,t'VI t'..,.S.fo.llP(.)

.1'\...J 0 JYI..f./lf ~K./~YV•d 011

.{;hew... h ~~ 4 {r-c-~11 cy---::;;.

C c)ur 5 .r ± ZO fY'~-k?

Trv~ e~~ .' - i8}{ M.e.k~ -j-L/87 ~Q

('j.=C·I'>M; o--+z7r-)

- ~ - ___ ..