CARBOHYDRATES

• Give energy• Polymers end in –OSE (polymers of sugars or

saccharide)• Plants store: STARCH• Animals store: GLYCOGEN• Structure material for plants CELLULOSE and

CITIN• Polar: dissolve in water

Carbohydrates gives energy and energy storage

Monomers of carbohydrates is monosaccharide

• Simplest form of a sugar (can not be broken down)• Most common is GLUCOSE which

is the reactant of aerobic respiration product of photosynthesis

Carbohydrates are polymers are disaccharides and poly saccharide

Example of disaccharides

• Sucrose-table sugar• Maltose-sugar in “malt” liquor or beer• Lactose-sugar in milk

Polysaccharides: long polymers of sugar bonded together (requires more energy to break the bonds

• Starch: sugar in potatoes• Cellulose: sugar in plants(store energy)• Glycogen: stored sugar in animals

Glycogen in animal; Cellulose in plants

Cellulose provides short term energy in

plants

Glycogen: stored sugar for energy in the liver, muscles

and brain

Lipids: provides long term energy storage CHO

Monomers of lipids: Fatty acids or glycerol –no polymers of lipids

• Glycerol is the fat in soap (Glycerin) Can be vegetable glycerin or animal glycerin

Examples of Lipids: Steroids

• STEROIDS not ANABOLIC steroids• SEX hormones as a metabolic lipid

Examples of LIPIDS:Cholestrol

• Cholesterol is waxy substance in the cells of food. TOO MUCH CAUSES heart disease

Examples of LIPIDS: Cell Membrane

– Phospholipids: the outer covering of a animal cell

Nucleic Acids are RNA and DNA; where genetic information is stored and carried

Monomers of DNA is nucleotide• DNA and RNA are made of repeating nucleotides• Nucleotide: sugar, phosphate, and base

Polymer of Nucleic Acids: DNA and RNA

Examples of DNA in prokaryotic (bacteria) and Eukaryotic (animal)

DNA has four bases Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, and Thymine (uracil in RNA)

DNA aids in the synthesis of proteins

Proteins: provide structural support for animals and plants (CHONS)

Monomers of proteins: AMINO ACIDS

• Provide excellent “food” for the brain; • 20 different biological amino acids (after

translation inProtein synthesis)

Polymers of proteins are POLYOPEPTIDE BONDS

• Many protein bonds together

STRUCTURAL protein: collagen, muscles,

hair and tissue

Protein Transports: Hemoglobin to membrane channels

(people with Sickle Cell have a hemoglobin mutation)

Human Body and mainly made up PROTEINS

Example Antibodies: proteins produced in the body used to fight against diseases

Example of Proteins: Enzymes

• Catalyst for a chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy

• SPEEDS UP REACTIONS IN PROTEINS

Enzyme lock and key MODEL