CARBOHYDRATES, LIPIDS AND PROTEINS

CHEMISTRY

S.W.B.A.T.: Determine what a carbohydrate, protein and

Lipid are and how they affect the body

The link between inorganic and organic compounds are plants. Why?

Organic Compounds:

• Compounds which are formed by the processes of living organisms

• They are macromolecules essential for life: carbohydrates, lipids (fats, oils & waxes), proteins and nucleic acids

Carbhodyrates• Furnish the body with its main source of

energy glucose (blood sugar)A. In our diets we get three types:1. Refined or processed sugars (sucrose)

Examples: candy, soda, tastycakes2. Naturally occurring sugars Examples: fruits,

veggies, milk products3. Complex carbohydrates Example: Pasta,

bread, cereal

• We want to decrease #1 and increase #2 and #3 Why?

a. Complex carbs, can help reduce weight

b. Satisfy the appetite longer-digested slower

c. Complex carbs. Are good sources of vitamins and minerals

d. Complex carbs. Are good source of energy

Processed vs. Unprocessed• ProcessedCanned fruit &

veggiesPotato chipsWhite breadInstant riceCold cereal

• UnprocessedFresh fruit and

veggiesBaked potatoWhole wheat breadBrown riceHot cereal

Chemistry of Carbohydrates

• Monosaccharides – simple sugars (building blocks of other carbs.)

C6H12O6a. Glucoseb. Fructosec. Galactose

• Disaccharide – two monosacs joined together by dehydration synthesis

C12H22O11

Dehydration synthesis – the removal of watera. Maltose=glucose +glucoseb. Sucrose= glucose + fructose (table sugar)c. Lactose= glucose + galactose (milk sugar)

• Polysaccharides – many monosacs joined together by dehydration synthesis

a. Starch – plantb. Glycogen – animal starchc. Cellulose – plant fiber in cell wallsWhen we consume complex carbs., we

break them down by adding water - Hydrolysis

Lipids (stored energy)

• Found in fats, oils and waxes• Needed for: stored energy

Insulator Protects organs Stores some vitamins (fat soluble)

• Building Blocks – glycerol + 3 fatty acids

A. Saturated fats – found in red meat, bacon

- Solid at room temperatureB. Unsaturated fats – found in

chicken, fish - Liquid at room temperature - Lower our cholesterol

• Only need 1 tablespoon of polyunsaturated oil/day

1. Use more fish, turkey, chicken2. Limit hamburger, beef, pork – What could

you do before cooking? Cut the fat out.3. Try to cut out lunchmeats, hotdogs,

sausages4. Use skim milk5. Bake, broil, BBQ avoid frying6. Eggs – should only have 3 yolks/week

Proteins

• Proteins are the body’s building materials

• Our cells are primarily made of protein (skin, organs, hair, muscle, nails, etc.)

• Essential for growth and repair• Found in: steak, chicken, fish, eggs,

beans and tofu• Building Blocks: amino acids

Enzymes:

• Are proteins which act as a catalyst• Catalyst- start or speed up a chemical

reaction1. Enzymes are specific in their actions

Example: saliva acts on starch Idea: cheeseburger-bun dissolves in mouth2. Enzymes are not used up in the reaction

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AEsQxzeAry8