carbohydrates & lipids - whitney high...
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CARBOHYDRATES & LIPIDS
Section 3-3a (p. 55-56 & 58-59)
Essential Questions
1. Identify the monomer, polymers and primary
function of carbohydrates. (Essential Skill 1-3)
2. Identify the monomers, polymers and
primary function of lipids. (Essential Skill 1-3)
CarbohydratesSugars & Starches & Fiber
Function of Carbohydrates
Used for short-term energy in all organisms and for
structure in plants.
Monosaccharides (simple sugars)=
monomer of carbohydrates
Mono- = one
Examples
Glucose (C6H12O6) = sugar used as an energy source in all cells.
Other Examples: Fructose (Fruit sugar) & Galactose(Milk sugar)
Isomers – molecules with the same atoms that are arranged differently
Many monosaccharides are isomers
Disaccharides (sugars) =
2 monosaccharides linked together.
Di- = two
Examples: Lactose (milk
sugar) & Sucrose (table
sugar)
Polysaccharides (Starches & Complex Carbs.) =
3 or more monosaccharides linked.
Poly- = Many
Examples
Glycogen = Used as
energy storage in
animals (stored
glucose)
Cellulose = Used to
form the cell wall of
plants.
Lipids
Function: Used for long-term energy
storage.
Monomers of Lipids (there are 2)
Glycerol = monomer
that can hold 3 fatty
acids
Fatty Acids = long
chains of C & H.
Polymers of Lipids
Triglyceride =
normal energy
storage lipid
3 fatty acids & 1
glycerol
Other Classes of Lipids to Know
Phospholipids = used to make all cell membranes.
Steroids = chemical messengers.
Cholesterol = strengthens cell membranes.
Saturated vs. Unsaturated Fats
Saturated = animal fat solid at room temp.
“bad fat”
no double bonds in fatty acid (straight molecule
Unsaturated = plant fat liquid at room temp.
“good fat”
has double bonds in fatty acid (bent molecule)
Hydrogenated/Trans Fat
Unsaturated fat that
food companies turn
into saturated fat, for
better “look” of food
or preservation.
BAD! Linked to heart
disease.
Some fat is good!
Healthy levels of fat
are needed for:
insulation
organ protection
long –term energy
storage
What happens when you have too much
bad fat
75% blockage
Cross section of arteries
Bypass
Surgery