Carbon Capture and Storage A Transition from Fossil to Non-Fossil Energy

CRSES Discussion Forum Capetown 12Nov10

Dr (Prof) A D SurridgeSenior Manager Advanced Fossil Fuels

Head: Centre for Carbon Capture and StorageSANERI

tonys@saneri.org.za

2

South Africa Primary Energy

South Africa Electricity Capacity

HE X R IV E RS A LT R IV E R

C E N T R A L W E S T B A N K

C O LE N S O

C O N G E LLOS O U T H C O A S T

U M G E N I

B R A KP A N

KLIP

R O S HE R V ILLE

T A A IB O S

V A A LV E R E E N IN G IN G

W ILG EW IT B A N KG E O R G E

V IE R F O N T E INHIG HV E LD

KO M A T I

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C A M D E N

G R O O T V LE I

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G A R IE P

KR IE L

A C A C IA P O R T R E X V A N D E R KLO O F

M A T LA

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D R A KE N S B E R G

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Energy & Climate Change Activities

THREE TYPESOF ENERGY

CCSTRANSITION

Energy & Environment

6

Storage Geological Formations

7

World Projects

SOURCE: CO2CRC/IEAGHG

8

Technology Development

SOURCE: CO2CRC/IEAGHG

It is not a question as to whether the technology works

We know it worksBeen operating at many sites for decades

It is a scale-up issue

Integrity of Storage Site

South Africa Carbon DioxideEmissions Projection

1 0

CO2 Emissions in South Africa

DME/CSIR Report 2004

1 1

CO2 Emissions Quantification

`

Mt % EmissionSEQUESTRABLEElectricity 161 65Industrial 28 11Other Energy 30 12Manufacturing 30 12

Synfuel Industry ~30 million tonnes ~95% CO2

NON-SEQUESTRABLEWaste 10 6Agriculture 48 27Fugitive 42 24Transport 22 21Heat Production 37 21

Total 408

249 Mt

159 Mt

61 %

39 %

DME/CSIR Report 2004

1

South African Centre forCarbon Capture & Storage

Established 30Mar09

Core Parties

Participants

coal

1 3

CCS in South AfricaTime/Scale

1 3

5 year Charter5 year Charter

CCS Potential

DONE 2004

Carbon Atlas

2010

Test Injection

2016

Demo Plant

2020

Commer cial

2025

10s thousandstonnes

100s thousandstonnes

millionstonnes

1 4

MissionCountry Readiness

Enablers in place that facilitate the implementation of carbon capture and storage

PreliminaryPotential

Investigation

DONE

YESTHERE

ISPOTENTIAL

OBJECTIVE:

CCS DemoPlant

Operational

by 2020

2004 20202010 2015

1 5

Geological Storage of Carbon Atlas

Definitive Information Regarding Geological Storage PotentialUndertaken by Council GeoScience – Some Data from Petroleum Agency

Financially Supported by:PetroSAAngloCoalEskomSasolSANERI

Inception Meeting – 4Sep08Launched 10Sep2010

Geological Storage Atlas

1 6

Geological Storage Atlas

PREVIOUS

ATLAS

Further Investn

1 7

Identifies Potential CO2 Geological Storage Regions

Launched by Minister of Energy 10Sep10

CO2 Geological StorageAtlas

1 8

Potential Storage Areas– Four Geological Basins

– Un-mineable Coal Seams

Geological Basins1) Orange Basin – off-shore

2) Outeniqua basin – off & on-shore

3) Zululand Basin – off & on-shore

4) Karoo Basin – on-shoreNot considered in current Atlas

Low porosity, low permeability and dolerite intrusions

Under further investigation

CO2 Geological StorageAtlas

Summary

Potential Storage [excluding Karoo]

– 150Gt– 98% Offshore

Need 4Gt to Store 40Mt/year

Further Investigation:

– Karoo under further Investigation [starting with IEA GHG]– Zululand Basin to ‘Effective Level’ [UK Govt - end Mar2011]– Onshore Outinequa Basin to ‘Effective Level’ [Europe Aid – start Feb2011]

1 9

WHERE TO NOW

Test Injection[Proof of Concept]

Enablers

ATLASSCOPING STUDY

2 1

SA Long Term Mitigation Scenario

SOURCE: LTMS

Mitigation costs as share of GDP, for runs of combined wedges -each time adding another as in list at right

0 Limit on low-efficiency vehicles1 +Passenger modal shift2 +Improved vehicle efficiency3 +SWH subsidy4 +Commercial efficiency5 +Residential efficiency6 +Industrial efficiency7 +Cleaner coal8 +Nuclear9 +Escalating CO2 tax10 +Renewables11 +CCS 20 Mt12 +Subsidy for renewables13 +Biofuels14 +Electric vehicles in GWC grid15 +Hybrids

1% Threshold

-2.5%

-2.0%

-1.5%

-1.0%

-0.5%

0.0%

0.5%

1.0%

1.5%

- 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000Mt CO2 reduced, 2003-2050

Miti

gatio

n co

st a

s sh

are

of G

DP

Without industrial efficiency

With industrial efficiency

0

1011 12

13

14

15

54

1

2

37

76

9

8

10

11 12

13

14

15

9

8

2 2

Low Carbon Choices

INDUSTRYCarbon

Emission Limitations

Renewable Energy

Energy Efficiency

Nuclear

Fossil Fuel with CCS

Full details available atwww.sacccs.org.za