carbon dioxide capture and storage (ccs) in china
TRANSCRIPT
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Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage (CCS) in China
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Scale of Emission Reduction Challenge
• China is world's largest CO2 emitter• China accounts for 24% of global energy related CO2
emissions, US for 21%, EU-15 for 12%
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Importance of Coal for China
• Coal accounts for nearly 70% of China's energy needs
• China has the second largest domestic coal reserves in the world
• Rapid growth in power sector and industrial sector such as steel are the main drivers of increasing coal use
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Total Primary Energy Demand in China
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Current Efforts to reduce dependence on coal in China• Focus is on improving energy efficiency and
promoting renewables and other alternative technologies
• Key targets and requirements determined by Chinese Government:– target to reduce coal in energy mix below 60%
– requirement that 15% of total energy should come from renewables by 2020 (including Renewable Energy Law)
– target of 40 GW of nuclear power by 2020 (up from 6.6 GW in 2005)
– requirement that all new large power plants use high efficiency super-critical coal-fired technology
– expected improvement in coal power generation efficiency – from 32% in 2000 to 39% in 2030
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Coal based Power Generation Technology in China
Technology Efficiency Cost ($ per kW)
Status
Subcritical 30-36% 500-600 Main base of China's current generating fleet
Supercritical 41%* 600-900 About half of current new orders
Ultra-supercritical
43%* 600-900 Two 1000 MW plants in operation
IGCC (pre-combustion)
45-55% 1100-1400 Twelve units waiting for approval by NRDC
* Indicates current efficiency. Improvements are expected in the future
→ current power Generation is based on the least efficient, cheapest technology
Source: IEA analysis based on data obtained from industry experts
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Potential role of energy efficiency + renewables in reducing China's emissions from CoalEven with strong policy incentives for energy efficiency, renewables and other low carbon technologies, coal will remain a major part of China's energy mix until at least 2030:
Source: IEA World Energy Outlook 2007
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Current activity on CCS in China
• Ministry of Science and Technology is developing a long-term CCS R&D strategy
• Current activities are focused on small, standalone demonstration projects, focus on pre-combustion (IGCC) options
• International cooperation projects with USA, Australia, Japan, Canada and EU
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Three broad strategic options for future EU-China CCS cooperation
• Option 1: A stand alone demonstration plant
• Option 2: large-scale project closely aligned with EU demonstration programme
• Option 3: Broader CCS initiative covering other industrial applications and wider infrastructure investment
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Key factors with significant influence on the future of CCS1. Location and adequacy
of CO2 storage sites (see map)
2. Development of a regulatory framework for CCS in China
3. Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) framework for CCS initiatives
Source: APEC (2005) Assessment of Geological Storage Potential of Carbon Dioxide in the APEC Region - Phase 1
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Opportunities for Progress
• UNFCCC and multilateral financing mechanisms
• Other European financing possibilities
• Possible G8 CCS Initiative
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Further informationThis presentation is based on the briefing paper "CCS in China" prepared by E3G:www.germanwatch.org/klima/ccs-china
Further information on CCS (in German):www.germanwatch.org/klima/ccs
Further information on climate protection (in English):www.germanwatch.org/klima/enImprint:Published by: GermanwatchEdited by: Anne Koch, Qian Cheng, Dr. Gerold Kier, Dr. Manfred TreberWith financial support from:
Responsibility for the contents of this publication rests with GermanwatchMay 2009