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Carbon Sequestration and
Emission Reduction through
Bamboo Forests and Products
Dr Pablo van der Lugt - MSc Eng PhD
Delft University of Technology | MOSO International BV
INBAR webinar 23 June 2020
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High Density Bamboo (Strand Woven Bamboo)
- Can be panels, veneer, beams, or flooring boards.
- Suitable for many indoor and also semi-outdoor applications
- Density approx 1050 kg / m3
- Up to 2x harder than hardwood Hardness: ≥ 9,5 kg/mm²
- Extremely wear and impact resistant (ideal for high traffic / use applications).
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Product Level: Carbon footprint
• Analyse the complete life cycle from ‘Cradle to Grave’
• All production steps and additives are included.
• 2015: LCA & carbon footprint executed by TU Delft (ISO 14040/44),
presented at Climate Conference in Paris COP 21
• 2017: Environmental Product Declaration (EPD) published (EN 15804)
• 2021: Update released
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Land Level: Carbon sequestration and emission reduction
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Assessing CO2 balance of Bamboo Products
• Cradle to Grave assessment
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High Density Bamboo: Compression rough strips (either cold or hot press)
10. Pressing (1)
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Emissions per Process
• 3 main production technologies:
– Laminated strips (sidepressed /
plain pressed)
– Compressed strips – Strand
Woven Bamboo (high density)
– Strand Woven Bamboo –
outdoor use
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• CO2 negative over full life cycle (all solid bamboo materials)
• Credits for carbon sequestration and green electricity production
compensate emissions by transport, energy and glue
Flattened bamboo
(MOSO bamboo forest)
Plybamboo
(plainpressed / side
pressed)
SWB outdoor (MOSO
Bamboo X-treme)
SWB indoor (High
Density
-0,800
-0,600
-0,400
-0,200
0,000
0,200
0,400
0,600
0,800
Carbon footprint over life cycle (CO2eq / kg product)
Flattened bamboo (flooring)
Plybamboo (3ply panel, PP, C)
SWB indoor (beam, N)
SWB outdoor (decking)
Results – including carbon sequestration
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2021 update: Solar + biomass energy
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2021 update: Solar + biomass energy
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• Compared to other commonly used building materials
• Carbon footprint per cubic meter material
• Bamboo materials & softwood outperform hardwood, plastics & metals
Flattened bamboo
(MOSO bamboo
forest)
Plybamboo
(plainpressed / side
pressed)
SWB outdoor
(MOSO Bamboo X-
treme)
SWB indoor (High
Density
Results – including carbon sequestration
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Not yet taking into account:• Annual yield
• Additional growth related environmental benefits vs wood: – annual harvesting provides better growth > no deforestation
– reforestation on degraded land possible
– short establishment timeh
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Europeanoak
Scots pine Chinese fir Teak Red meranti Moso Guadua
Annual yield (m3 semi-finished material / ha / yr)
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Annual yield makes a difference
with engineered bamboo more needs
can be met in same time period
Source: Booming Bamboo (2017)
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Carbon Benefit at Land level
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Carbon Benefit at Land level
Reforestation with giant bamboo
- In general, bamboo is very suitable for reforestation, even in difficult circumstances (e.g. eroded slopes).
- In China, active reforestation with bamboo has occurred since 1990 – approx 5% annual increase in bamboo area since 2004.
- There are large amounts of CO2 locked in below-ground and above ground biomass + durable products pool
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Land Level: Carbon sequestration and emission reduction
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1 Total Eco-system Carbon (TEC)
3 Displacement
Displacement factor: 1 tons of HBP replacing
abiotic materials on average leads to CO2
reduction of 1.5 tons CO2
* Rüter S., Werner F., Forsell N., Prins C., Vial E., Levet A.-L. 2016.
ClimWood2030, Climate benefits of material substitution by forest
biomass and harvested wood products: Perspective 2030 – Final
Report. Braunschweig: Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institut.
2 Harvested Wood / Bamboo
Products (HBP)
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Europeanoak
Scots pine Chinese fir Teak Red meranti Moso Guadua
Annual yield (m3 semi-finished material / ha / yr)
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Carbon Sequestration with Bamboo (1)
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Carbon Sequestration with Bamboo (1)
1. TEC
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Carbon Sequestration with Bamboo (2)
1. TEC 2. HBP
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Carbon Sequestration with Bamboo (3)
1. TEC 2. HBP 3. Displacement
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CO2 Sequestration with Bamboo - Total
• > 1000 tons CO2 benefit possible per reforested hectare
• Managed bamboo forest > CO2 sequestration than wood plantation
• Unmanaged bamboo forest < CO2 sequestration than wood plantation
• More research required (higher N, more species, management practice)
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Climate Change Mitigation with Bamboo
Paris Agreement
1. TEC
2. HBP
3. Displacement
• Applicable: NDCs > CDM, REDD+
• Potential: High, Short – Med term
• Applicable: NDCs > CDM
• Potential: Medium, Med - Long term
• Applicable: not yet, maybe SDM
• Potential: Medium, Med - Long term
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Bamboo voluntary carbon markets (VCS)
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Thanks for your Attention!
Dr. ir. Pablo van der Lugt
MOSO International
Technical University Delft
Carbon Benefit at Building Level
Case: Hotel Jakarta Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Case: Hotel Jakarta Amsterdam 2500 m3 wood / bamboo:
~3000 tons CO2 locked +
~2000 tons CO2
avoided (substitution effect)
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Case: MOSO Int. 16.000 m3 bamboo / year
~26.000 tons CO2 locked +
~24.000 tons CO2 avoided (substitution
effect)
Total: 50.000 tons CO2 benefit / year (5000
EU citizens / yr)
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Carbon Sequestration with Bamboo - Bioenergy
1. TEC 2. HBP 3. Displacement
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• At end of life:
– Dump: 10%
– Incineration for bioenergy: 90%
– For Netherlands credible assumption
– Based on Eco-invent v3 & Idemat 2014
– Result: credit 0,704 kg CO2 / kg
Carbon Credit – Energy production
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production
bamboo
use
MOSO
CO2 CO2
Captured CO2
End of Lifebamboo
plantation
waste
electricity
Fossil fuels
(oil, gas, etc)electricity
Carbon Sequestration – Product level
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Active bamboo reforestation on poor farmland
Carbon Sequestration - China
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Carbon Sequestration - China
• Actual Moso resource surface growth 2004-2011: 5% annual growth
• Result: credit 0,607 – 0,637 kg CO2 / kg bamboo product*
* Vogtländer, J.G., van der Velden N.M., Van der Lugt, P. (2014). Carbon sequestration in LCA, a proposal for a new approach
based on the global carbon cycle; cases on wood and on bamboo. Int J Life Cycle Assessment, 19: 13-23.