carbon sequestration in soils · soil carbon stocks: an overall view. soil carbon stocks and...
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Carbon sequestration in soils
Pere Rovira i CastellàCentre Tecnològic Forestal de Catalunya
Solsona
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Carbon cycle: an overall view
Atmosphere
Soils
Lithosphere
Hydrosphere Biosphere
100
102720
560
5000
1-20.57
60 1.1 ?
38000OC 1550IC 750
RESP ERO
1.7-2
60
120
RESP
PS
DEFOREST
Lal R. 2001 Soils and the Greenhouse Effect. SSSA Special Publ 57.
CARBONATES
?
?
?
Data in Pg and in Pg/yr
6.4COMBUST
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Atmosphere
Soils
Lithosphere
Hydrosphere Biosphere
Maximize(as far as possible)
Maintain to areasonable level
Carbon sequestration: defining the concept
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Carbon sequestration: an historical perspective
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Dr. Abad Chabbi
Plant ecologist, soil biogeochemist, Research Director at the INRA
The 4 per mille initiative
Carbon in Soils: 1550 PgFossil carbon emissions: 6,4 Pg / yearQuotient:6,4 / 1550 = 0,00413
Approx: 4 per mil
How much carbon should we sequester?
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The soil is a complex machine
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Hernanz et al (2009). Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 133, 114-122.
Carbon sequestration in agricultural soils (I)
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Hernanz et al (2009). Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 133, 114-122.
Carbon sequestration in agricultural soils (II)
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Total C stock, down to a 1 m depth:
3.49 Pg(1 Pg = 1 Gigaton)
Average: 8.3 kg C / m2
Soil carbon stocks: an overall view
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Soil carbon stocks and climàtic areas
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Soil carbon stocks depend on vegetation types
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Plant cover ARI MED CON ATL MON CUL
a) Down to –25 cm
Forests 57.5 ± 30.2 abA 51.5 ± 28.7 bA 58.7 ± 29.7 abA 70.9 ± 31.3 aB 62.7 ± 27.3 abC N.A.
Shrublands 24.0 ± 12.8 dB 49.3 ± 35.4 cdA 65.8 ± 48.9 bcA 107.0 ± 46.1 abA 126.2 ± 58.8 aA 120.2 ± 69.6 a
Grasslands 33.2 ± 35.4 bB 40.9 ± 32.0 bB 76.4 ± 63.6 aA 81.4 ± 35.4 aB 101.7 ± 58.8 aB 108.3 ± 65.0 a
Crops 24.7 ± 19.9 cB 27.1 ± 20.3 bcC 37.7 ± 36.7 bB 68.2 ± 23.4 aB n.d. N.A.
b) Down to –100 cm
Forests 87.7 ± 43.4 bA 81.9 ± 58.1 bA 98.8 ± 64.1 abAB 122.8 ± 64.8 aB 105.4 ± 48.9 abB N.A.
Shrublands 42.5 ± 31.5 bB 78.6 ± 58.8 bA 113.0 ± 100.9 abAB 174.3 ± 91.5 aA 209.6 ± 131.0 aA 255.5 ± 247.9 a
Grasslands 45.3 ± 42.3 cB 73.3 ± 48.4 bcAB 136.7 ± 101.3 abA 133.1 ± 58.5 aAB 189.1 ± 127.2 aA 153.0 ± 101.2 a
Crops 57.4 ± 36.8 bAB 59.2 ± 37.2 bB 83.0 ± 69.7 bB 139.7 ± 85.7 aAB n.d. N.A.
Soil carbon stocks: an overall view
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Changing land use: the key for carbon sequestration in soils?
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Quantifying changes: not so easy
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01
5
15
30
Depth, cm
Soil sampling for monitoring changes in carbon stocks
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Cumulative coordinates approach
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Belanglo forest trials: Pinus radiata stands
Turner et al (2005). Forest Ecology and Management 220, 259-269
Net gains in C may be not immediate
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Forest works: Soil organic carbon losses
Forest Works may affect soil C stocks
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Changing vegetation types
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Guo L.B. & Gifford R.M. (2002). Global Change Biology 8, 345-360.
Each change has its own consequences
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1956 2009
Agriculture abandonment, forest recovery
Comparison of historical aerial images with current ones
Site: CardonaEl Bages (Barcelona)Tree species: Pinus nigra
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Group Acronym Nr. Plots Use in 1956 Current use Agr signs*
Crops CR 3 Crop Crop Y
New Forest 1 NF 1 5 Crop Forest Y
New Forest 2 NF 2 2 Forest Forest Y
Old forest OF 3 Forest Forest N
Field work in Cardona: four diferent situations
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Carbon sequestration
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Citizen Kane (1941)
Not that optimistic
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Not that optimistic
‘Increasing soil C stock 4 per mil each year is not so difficult,Provided we manage our soils only for sequestering carbon’
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Public uses versus carbon sequestration
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