carbonaceous adsorbents: design, fabrication and application in water treatment chemical synthesis...
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Carbonaceous Adsorbents: Design, Fabrication and
Application in Water Treatment
Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University
Lunhong Ai
2010.12.12
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Contaminated Rivers and Lakers
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coagulation/flocculationbiological treatment
ion exchange
advanced oxidation technology
membrane filtrationWater Treatment
adsorption
Water treatment methods
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Functional polymer
Biomass
Adsorbent
Clay
Carbonaceous materials
Nanomaterials
Zeolites
Available adsorbentsAvailable adsorbents
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Carbonaceous materials for water treatment
Carbon
activated carbon, carbon black
carbon nanotubes graphene
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1. Fabrication of activated carbon/CoFe2O4 composites and their application in water treatment
20 30 40 50 60 70
Inte
nsi
ty (a.
u.)
2Theta (degree)
XRDSEM TEM
Samples BET-surface area (m2 g-1)
Total pore volume (cm3 g-1)
AC 909 0.47
AC/CFO 463 0.18
(c)
(d)
magnetic separation texture property
CFO
AC/CFO
L. Ai et al. / Chemical Engineering Journal 156 (2010) 243–249
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2 4 6 8 1047
48
49
50
A
dso
rption c
apac
ity
(mgg
-1)
pH 0 4 8 12 16
0
25
50
75
100
A
dso
rption c
apac
ity
(mg g
-1)
Equilibrium concentration (mg L-1)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
0
15
30
45
60
A
dsorp
tion c
apacity
(mg g
-1)
Contact time (min)
1 2 30
10
20
30
40
Adso
rption c
apac
ity
(mg g
-1)
Cycle number
Effect of pH
Effect of contact time
regeneration
Effect of initial concentration
Removal of malachite green (MG)
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2. Adsorption mechanism of methyl orange (MO) and basic fuchsin (BF) on AC/CFO
L. Ai, et. al. / Desalination 262 (2010) 134–140
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pseudo-first-order model pseudo-second-order model
Elovich model
adsorption kinetics
※ adsorption kinetics was best described by the pseudo-second-order model
Adsorption kineticsAdsorption kinetics
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Table 1 Kinetic parameters for adsorption of dyes on AC/CFO
DyePseudo-first-order Pseudo-second-order Elovich
qe,exp
(mg g-1)
k1
(min-1)
qe,cal
(mg g-1)R2
k2
(g mg-1 min-1)
qe,cal
(mg g-1)R2 a b R2
BF 49.88 0.067 6.83 0.9816 0.022 50.53 1 2.241 41.167 0.9624
MO 47.31 0.084 7.15 0.9372 0.026 47.94 0.9999 1.886 39.979 0.9531
adsorption kinetics
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※ the adsorption process was controlled by surface adsorption (boundary-layer effect) and intraparticle diffusion.
Adsorption mechanismsAdsorption mechanisms
adsorption mechanisms
intraparticle diffusion model
surface adsorption
intraparticle diffusion
surface adsorption
intraparticle diffusion
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※ boundary-layer effect mainly governed the rate-limiting process of dye adsorption on AC/CFO
adsorption mechanisms
Boyd model
Boyd kinetic model was generally used to determine the actual rate-controlling step involved in the dye adsorption process.
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0 5 10 150
20
40
60
80
100
Experimental
qe (m
g g
-1)
Ce (mg L-1)
Langmuir Freundlich
BF
0 5 10 15 20 25 300
15
30
45
60
75
90
Experimental
qe (m
g g
-1)
Ce (mg L-1)
Langmuir Freundlich
MO
Adsorption isothermsAdsorption isotherms
※ Dye adsorption behaviors onto AC/CFO could be better represented by the Langmuir model (R2 > 0.99)
※ Monolayer adsorption capacities of MO and BF determined from the Langmuir isotherm are 95.8 and 101.0 mg g−1, respectively
adsorption isotherms
Langmuir and Freundlich models
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500 600 700 800 900 1000
3.2
3.4
3.6
3.8
4.0
4.2
4.4
4.6
MO BF
lnq
e
(kJ 2 mol-2)
Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) model
For D-R model, the magnitude of E(mean fren energy) is useful for estimating the type of adsorption and if this value is between 8 and 16 kJ mol−1, the adsorption proceeds by surface adsorption.
In this study, the E values for MO and BF are calculated to be 11.74 and 12.42 kJ mol−1.
adsorption isotherms
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Table 3. Comparison of BF and MO adsorption capacities of various adsorbents
Dye Adsorbents Adsorption capacity (mg g-1)
BF AC/CFO (in this study) 101.01
Bottom ash 6.39
Deoiled soya 12.03
Jalshakti® 11.7
Industrial sludges 70.4
MO AC/CFO (in this study) 95.78
Hypercrosslinked polymeric adsorbent
70.922
Banana peels 21
Orange peels 20.5
Activated Carbon 9.49
Modified sporopollenin 5.23
NH3+-MCM-41 366.57
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Financial support from the Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Contr
ol Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province and Scientific Research Star
t-up Foundation of China West Normal University (07B005).
Acknowledgement
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