carcass disposal with comprehensive discussion including all methods
DESCRIPTION
Carcass disposal with comprehensive discussion including all methods,methods of carcass disposal,dealing with carcassTRANSCRIPT
CARCASS DISPOSAL
‘’way to get rid of dead bodies and their remains””
Ways of carcass disposal
Rendering Burial method
Incineration Akaline hydrolysis
Why it needs to be performed??
Biosecurity Immediate or long term animal or public health and safety To avoid spreading of diseases To avoid pollution or contamination To make the area free of risk
Burial method
Ritual act of placing a dead person or animal, and/or objects into the ground. This is accomplished by excavating a pit or trench
Precautions whiles site selection
Not floody area 500 feet from residences,
livestock facilities and adjacent pastures owned or leased by another person
300 feet from a road.
Pit types
1.2 m (4 ft) deep that will hold about 2,500 kg of deadstock. Closing these pits would require a minimum of 0.6 m (2 ft) of soil, to form a mound higher than the level of the ground at the perimeters of the pit.
CAPACITIES
Incineration or burning Waste treatment that involves combustion of
disposible substances at high temperature results
in ash, gases & heat
Ways of incineration
1-Open pit-burning
2-Chember fixedIncineration
Open field burning It is burning of carcass on
combustible material (heaps, tires & wood)
It requires fuel (diesel, jet fuel, coal,)
precautions
it should be away from
residential area
Disadvantage: uncontrolled
Air burn incineration Air curtain incinerator With Fans and blowers the high volume of air causes
overoxygenation of the fire, and make the fire more stronger lead to strong combustion
Many times strong combustion
than open field method
Chamber fixed incineration Controlled type of
incineration in which the combustion is carried out in chember
Usually the fuel is natural gas
Advantage controlled & proper
combustion
Composting
“Composting is a carcass disposal method that involves the placement of carcasses beneath organic materials, which promotes decomposition at elevated temperatures and destroys pathogens present in the carcasses”
Types of composting Indoor composting It has been widely used by the poultry industry for bird mortalities.
Indoor composting is less affected by weather events, ambient
temperatures and seasonality and more protected from wind,
scavengers and drying conditions. Challenges involve
space limitations
Outdoor composting It involves placement of carcasses in compost piles that are long, narrow windrows or trapezoidal shaped and above ground. May affected by weather events, ambient temperatures and seasonality
Material required for composting
• Air flow• Moisture• Carbon nitrogen ratio(25:1)• Sawdust.• Hay and straw• Crop residue
Procedure of composting
Place the carcass (or carcasses) on the bulking agent. If you’re composting calves or other smaller animals, place them starting at the back in a single layer, at least six inches apart.
Cover the carcass with another 12 inches of bulking agent. If the bulking agent does not feel moist, add water before covering the carcass
Record the species, weight, date, and amount of bulking material used
When the first bin is full or the pile is as tall as you can work with, start a second bin/pile if you have more mortalities
Animal covered with bulking material
precautions Temp should raise very soon (120-140 F ) After a week when temp lowers then turn
the pile Do not allow carcasses to freeze before placing
them on a compost pile during winter season
Benifits
Biosecurity- It provides immediate, year-round disposal of carcass.
No contamination-
does not contaminate groundwater, and turn waste into a resource.
Rendering “Rendering is an offsite process that uses heat to convert carcasses and associated disposal material into meat and bone meal, fat or tallow and water”
processing Removing undesirable parts, cutting, mixing, sometimes
preheating, cooking, and separating fat and protein materials.
The concentrated protein is then dried and ground. Additionally, refining of gases, odors,and wastewater (generated by cooking process) is necessary.
Rendering may be
Edible Inedible
Edible randering
end products are (protienaceous solids, melted fat, and water) are separated from each other by screening and sequential centrifugations.
The proteinaceous solids are dried and may subsequently used.
Inedible randering The material is first ground, then heated to release the fat and drive
off the moisture, percolated to drain off the free fat, and then more fat is pressed out of the solids, which at this stage are called "cracklings" or "dry-rendered tankage“
The cracklings are further ground to make meat and bone meal.
advantages
Material used as raw materialTallow :
Fat:
Protien:
Meat & Bone meal
Alkaline Hydrolysis
Process in which the carcass is disolve in strong solution of sodium or potassium hydroxide lead to hydrolysis
Chemistry behind this process
In this process large molecules are broken down to smaller ones
During this process protein coats of viruses are destroy and
other micro organism are killed due to very high pH 14 pH changes from 14 at start of process to 10 at end of the
process Higher the fat contents less will be the pH so its depends
Although the availability is low but this process is fast and it destroys all disease causing agent and leads to perfect disposal of carcass.
Conducted by Ali saqlain [email protected]