cardiac tamponade
TRANSCRIPT
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CARDIAC TAMPONADE
Dr. Mansoor KhanMBBS, FCPS I,
Resident, Surgical “C”, KTHPeshawar.
Jan 5th, 2009
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“Compression of all cardiac chambers due to excessive accumulation of
pericardial fluid leading to
compromised cardiac out put”
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Pericardium typically has 20-50 ml of fluid
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Causes of Pericardial Tamponade
• Malignancy• Infection - Viral, bacterial (tuberculosis), fungal• Drugs - Hydralazine, procainamide, isoniazid, minoxidil• Postcoronary intervention (ie, coronary dissection and perforation)• Trauma• Cardiovascular surgery (postoperative pericarditis)• Postmyocardial infarction (free wall ventricular rupture, Dressler
syndrome)• Connective tissue diseases - Systemic lupus erythematosus,
rheumatoid arthritis, dermatomyositis• Iatrogenic - After sternal biopsy, transvenous pacemaker lead
implantation, pericardiocentesis, or central line insertion• Uremia
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Pericardial fluid > increase intrapericardial pressure
Intrapericardial pressure equalizes RV diastolic Pressure
Then equalizes LV diastoilic pressureDrop in cardiac output
Pathophysiology
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Dyspnea, Chest pain, Abdominal pain, Fatigue, Fever, Cough, Weakness,
Palpitation, Maybe in shock, thus not able to elicit
symptoms
S
YMPTOMS
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Hypotension
JVPDiminished
heart sounds
Beck’s TriadS
I
G
N
S
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HepatomegalyEvidence of chest wall trauma
Pulsus paradoxsus > 12 mm HgKussmaul sign - paradoxical
increase in venous distention and pressure during inspiration
S
I
G
N
S
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low voltage, sinus tach, PR depression, electrical alternans
E
K
G
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Enlarge cardiac silhouette, water bottle shaped heart
C
X
R
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Pericardial effusion, collapse of the right ventricular, Swinging of the heart in its sac
ECHOCARDIOGRAM
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In tamponade, near equalization (within 5 mm Hg) of the right
atrial, right ventricular diastolic, pulmonary arterial diastolic, and
pulmonary capillary wedge pressure
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What to do while your waiting on CT Surgery…
Oxygen Volume expansion with blood, plasma, or saline to maintain adequate intravascular volume Bed rest with leg elevation
This may help increase venous return. Inotropic drugs (i.e. dobutamine)
TREATMENT
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A 16- or 18-gauge needle, angle of 30-45° to the skin, near the left xiphocostal angle, aiming towards the left shoulder
Mortality rate of approximately 4%, complication rate of 17%
Emergency subxiphoid percutaneous drainage
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THANKS