CARDIOPULMONARY

RESUSCITATION

CPR

Knowing is half the battle...

• In an emergency, you

need to act quickly-the

first few minutes after

a medical crisis are

usually the most

crucial.

• The key is knowing

what to do, remaining

calm, and making the

decision to act.

Did you know?

• Sudden cardiac arrest

is the leading cause of

death in the U.S.

• CDC estimates that

330,000 people die

each year from

coronary heart disease

before reaching a

hospital or while in the

ER.

4 Major Life Threatening

Emergencies

• Cardiac arrest

• Heart attack

• Stroke

• Choking (foreign-

body airway

obstruction)

Life Threatening Emergencies

• If the victim is unresponsive, you must

begin immediately the chain of survival.

• The chain of survival is a sequence of

actions that maximize the victims chance of

survival.

• It consists of three actions: check, call and

care.

Adult Chain of Survival

• Early Access

• Early CPR

• Early defibrillation

• Early advanced care

Child Chain of Survival

• Prevention of arrest

• Early and effective

bystander CPR

• Rapid activation of

EMS system

• Early and effective

advanced life support

Check, Call, Care • Check the scene, then

check the person

• No response, Call 911

and get an AED ( use

as soon as it arrives)

• CARE- Open airway

(head-tilt chin lift),

look, listen, feel

breathing for no more

than 10 seconds.

Check, Call Care • If no adequate

breathing, give 2

breaths.

• Check victim’s pulse

for no more than 10

seconds.

• No pulse, begin 5

cycles of chest

compressions and

ventilations (30:2

ratio).

Understanding the ABCD’s...

• CPR consists of 4 main parts

• Airway

• Breathing

• Circulation

• Defibrillation

Opening the Airway

• Place one hand on the

victim’s forehead and

push with your palm

to tilt the head back.

• Place the fingers of the

other hand under the

bony part of the lower

jaw near the chin.

• Lift the jaw to bring

the chin forward.

Mouth-to-Mouth Breathing

• Pinch the nose closed

with thumb and index

finger.

• Take a regular (not

deep) breath and seal

your lips around your

victim’s mouth,

creating and air tight

seal.

Mouth-to-Mouth Breathing

• Give 1 breath (blow

for about 1 second).

Watch for the chest to

rise as you give the

breath.

• If the chest does not

rise, repeat head tilt-

chin lift.

• Give a second breath

(1 second). Watch for

chest to rise.

Choking Victim

• If the breath still does not go in,

there may be an obstruction in

the airway.

• Open the mouth and look to see

if you can see the obstruction.

If you can remove it, do not do

a blind finger sweep!

• If you do not see the object

begin CPR with chest

compressions.

Compressions for Circulation

• One important part of

CPR is chest

compressions, which

keep blood flowing to

the heart, brain, and

other vital organs.

• Compressions should

be delivered at a

smooth rate of 100 per

minute.

Chest Compression Technique

• Position yourself at victim’s side.

• Make sure the victim is lying on his/her

back on a firm, flat surface.

• Move or remove all clothing covering the

victims chest.

• Put the heel of one hand on the center of the

victim’s bare chest between the nipples.

Chest Compression Technique

• Put the heel of the

other hand on top of

the first hand.

• Straighten your arms

and position your

shoulders directly over

your hands.

Chest Compression Technique

• Push hard and fast.

Press down 1 1/2 to 2

inches with each

compression.

• At the end of each

compression make

sure you allow the

chest to recoil or re-

expand completely.

Chest Compression Technique

• Complete chest wall recoil

maximizes refilling of the heart

after each compression.

• Complete cycles of 30

compressions and 2 breaths,

until AED arrives.

• Minimize interruptions to 10

seconds or less.

Minimizing Interruptions • When a rescuer is not performing chest

compressions, there is no blood flow to

the brain and heart.

• Causes for not proving chest

compressions: prolonged pulse checks,

taking too long to give breaths, moving

the victim and using and AED.

• Exceptions: defibrillation, moving a

victim from danger (such as fire).

Review Questions

• The correct rate for giving

compressions?

• The correct compression-

ventilation ratio for an adult is?

• Rescuers should try to minimize

interruptions to less than?

Defibrillation • Automated external

defibrillators (AED’s) are

sophisticated computerized

devices that are reliable and

simple to operate.

• The interval from collapse

to defibrillation is one of

the most important

determinants of survival

from cardiac arrest.

Defibrillation • The earlier defibrillation occurs,

the higher the survival rate.

• Use AED’s only when victims

have the following 3 findings:

• no response

• no breathing

• no pulse

• AED’s give rescuers visual and

voice prompts to guide rescuer

actions.

Common Steps to Operate All

AED’s • Once the AED arrives put it at victim’s side, next

to rescuer who will operate it.

• 1. Power on the AED

• 2. Attach electrode pads to victim’s bare chest.

• 3. “Clear” the victim and Analyze the rhythm.

• 4. If the AED advises shock, it will tell you to be

sure to clear the victim and press the shock

button.

AED Operation

• As soon as the AED gives a

shock, begin CPR starting

with chest compressions.

• After 2 minutes of CPR, the

AED will prompt you to

repeat steps 3 and 4.

• You will repeat process until

help arrives or you become

to exhausted to continue.

Complete Sequence

• Check the scene and the victim (Hey, hey, are

you OK?).

• Call 911, and get an AED.

• Open airway, check breathing (look, listen, feel),

no more than 10 seconds.

• If not breathing give 2 slow breaths that make the

chest rise.

• If no response, check pulse (carotid), no more

than 10 seconds.

Complete Sequence • Give cycles of 30 compressions and 2 breaths

until AED arrives, professional health care

providers take over, or the victim starts to move.

• AED/defibrillator arrives.

• Check rhythm: if shock advised give 1 shock then

resume CPR immediately for 5 cycles; no shock,

resume CPR immediately for 5 cycles, check

rhythm every 5 cycles; continue until health care

provider takes over or victim starts to move.

Adult vs Child CPR

Compare and Contrast

• How do we determine who is a “child”?

• What do adult and child CPR have in

common?

• What differences do you notice?

• Can you explain why those certain things

are different?

Should Schools Require Teens to

Take a CPR Course? • Heart attacks are the most common medical

emergencies in the United States. Many deaths

could be prevented, however, by people

performing CPR. As a result, organizations such

as the American Heart Association have certified

thousands of people in CPR. To increase the

number of trained rescuers, many people think

CPR certification should be a high school

graduation requirement. What do you think?