cardiovascular disease dec 2008
TRANSCRIPT
Understanding the Cardiovascular System (CVS)
Patty Melody, M.A.Los Angeles Valley CollegePhysical Education Department
Agenda
1. Define the Cardiovascular System (CVS)
2. Why do we need to know about the CVS?
3. Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)
4. Different types of CVD
5. Reversing Atherosclerosis
6. Benefits of Cardiovascular Endurance Conditioning
The Cardiorespiratory System
Cardio: heart and blood vesselstransports oxygen, nutrients,
and wastes among vital organs and tissues
Respiratory: lungs, air passages, and
breathing musclessupplies oxygen and removes
carbon dioxide
Agenda
1. Define the Cardiovascular System (CVS)
2. Why do we need to know about the CVS?
3. Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)
4. Different types of CVD
5. Reversing Atherosclerosis
6. Benefits of Cardiovascular Endurance Conditioning
Top 10 Killers in U.S. 1997
1. Heart Disease 31.4% 2. Cancer 23.2% 3. Stroke 6.9% 4. COPD 4.7% 5. Accidents 4.1% 6. Pneumonia/Influenza 3.7% 7. Diabetes 2.7% 8. Suicide 1.3% 9. Kidney Disease 1.1% 10. Chronic Liver Disease and Cirrhosis 1.1%
CVD in Perspective
CVD – 953,110 deaths/year Cancer – 540,000 deaths/year Accidents – 96,000 deaths/year HIV/AIDS – 17,000 deaths/year
CVD cause of 41.2% of all deaths/year 1 out of every 2.4 deaths, 2,600 deaths/day,
1 death every 33 seconds CVD claims more lives each year than the
next seven leading causes of death combined
Cardiovascular Disease Statistics – Part 1 Between 1987-1997 CVD death rates declined 19.1% In 1997, 953,110 people in the U.S. died from heart
disease Forty two percent of all deaths are related to CVD One-sixth of CVD deaths are people younger than 65
years More than 60 million (1 out of every 4) Americans have
some form of CVD: hypertension (50 million), coronary heart disease (12.2 million), congestive heart failure (4.6 million), or stroke (4.4 million) (American Heart Association, 1997)
Cardiovascular Disease Statistics – Part 2 Coronary heart disease (CHD) accounts for more deaths
than any other disease annually (489,000+ deaths) CHD deaths greater among Blacks than Whites (Hispanics
have a lower prevalence than Whites) (Public Health Service 1988)
CHD is caused by lack of blood supply to the heart muscle (myocardium) resulting in myocardial ischemia
CHD begins with a degenerative, progressive plaque build-up within the lining of the arteries known as atherosclerosis (Endothelial Damage Theory)
Types of CVD*
HypertensionCoronary heart diseaseStrokeRheumatic heart diseaseCongenital heart diseaseCongestive heart failure* CVD is the acronym for Cardiovascular Disease.
Myocardial Infarction
Necrosis of a part of cardiac muscle caused by obstruction in a coronary artery through either atherosclerosis or a thrombus or a spasm. The onset of an MI is characterized by a crushing, viselike chest pain that may radiate to the left arm, neck, or epigastrium and sometimes stimulates the sensation of acute indigestion or a gallbladder attack.
Atherosclerosis
Principle cause of coronary artery disease. Defined as the thickening, narrowing and hardening of the blood vessels in the body. The etiology of this chronic disease stems from long-term injury and plaque build-up within the inner lining (endothelial lining) of the arteries. This narrowing of the diameter of the vessels (lumen) leads to various forms of occlusion which can result in an MI (myocardial infarction). Coronary arteries are only as wide as a pencil lead.
Common Blood Vessel Disorders
Thrombus – clotEmbolus – moving clotHemorrhage – sudden burst of blood
vesselAneurysm – blood vessel balloons,
weakens and can rupture
Heart Attack Signals
Pale, clammy, SOB Faint, anxious, feeling
that death is imminent Tachycardia, thready
pulse, low BP Chest pain > 2 min. Radiating pain,
pressure, discomfort in arm, jaw and back
EKG might detect elevation of ST segment and Q wave
ALOC – altered level of consciousness measured using Glasgow Coma Scale
Nausea/Vomiting Gastrointestinal Distress Activate E.M.S. as soon as
possible. Forty percent of people die within the first hour of a heart attack.
Heart Attack Trivia
70% of heart attacks take place at home 30% of heart attacks outside of home Most heart attacks occur Monday mornings Men and post-menopausal women are at
highest risk Men deny they are having a heart attack Women are treated for gastric or gynecology
problems – treatment delayed because women present different s/s for heart attacks – Women’s Health Initiative 1991
ACSM GUIDELINES 2005Coronary Artery Disease Risk Factors
Positive Risk Factors Family history Cigarette smoking Hypertension Dyslipidemia Impaired fasting glucose Obesity Sedentary lifestyleNegative Risk Factor High serum HDL cholesterol > 60mg/dL
(1.6mmol/L)
Recommendations of the U.S. Surgeon General Moderate activity:
on most, preferably all, days of the week a goal of 150 kcals/day (1000 kcals/week)
Examples of one day’s moderate activity: 30 minutes of brisk walking or 15 minutes of
running 30 minutes of raking leaves or 15 minutes of
shoveling snow two 10-minute bicycle rides or two brisk 15-
minute walks
Benefits of Cardiorespiratory Endurance Exercise
Improved cardiorespiratory functioning:
Reduces risk of CVD Glycogen-sparing effect Increases ventilatory capacity Increases cardiac output Reduces risk of dying prematurely Reduces risk of developing osteoporosis Maintenance of body weight Reduces risk of developing diabetes
More Benefits of Cardiorespiratory Endurance Exercise
Reduced risk of chronic disease:cardiovascular
diseasecancerdiabetesosteoporosis
Image source: http://www.nof.org/osteoporosis/index.htm
More Benefits of Cardiorespiratory Endurance Exercise
Better control of body fat
Improved immune function
Improved psychological and emotional well-being
Five Health-Related Components of Fitness Cardiorespiratory Endurance The ability to perform prolonged, large muscle, dynamic exercise at moderate to
high intensity levels.
Muscular Strength The amount of force a muscle can produce with a single maximum effort.
Muscular Endurance The ability of a muscle or group of muscles to remain contracted or to contract
repeatedly for a long period of time.
Flexibility The range of motion in a joint or group of joints; flexibility is related to muscle
length.
Body Composition The relative proportion of fat-free mass (muscle, bone, and water) and fat in the
body