Cardiovascular System

Cardiovascular System

Consists of:1. Heart2. Blood vessels

Situated:In the mediastinumMedial = towards middleSternum = central bone in between ribs (breastbone)

Functions

Pump oxygen enriched blood into blood vessels & onto all body tissues.

Collect blood low in oxygen from the body & pump it to the lungs to get more oxygen

pg 30

Heart

Organ Root Combining Form

Example

Meaning

Heart cardi cardi/o carditis

Anatomy of heart

4 chambers:1. Upper - left atrium & right atrium - receive blood from body & lungs2. Lower - left & right ventricles - pump blood to the body & lungs Septum divides left and right sides of

heart

Anatomy (cont’d)

3 layers1. Epicardium - outer layer2. Myocardium – muscular middle

layer3. Endocardium – inner layer

NB: pericardium – sac that surrounds heart pg 31

Heart valves

Stop blood flowing backwards

Tricupsid valve– between right artrium & right ventricle

Mitral valve– between left atrium & ventricle

Aortic valve – between left ventricle & aorta

Blood vessels Arteries – carry blood away from heart to

body & lungs

Veins – bring blood form body & lungs back to the heart

Capillaries – tiny blood vessels and connect arteries to veins where O2 & CO2

is exchanged

Word components Organ Root

wordCombining form

Example Meaning

Blood vessel

Vas vas/o, vascul/o cardiovascular

relating to heart and blood vessels

angi angi/o angiogram X-ray of a blood vessel

Vein ven ven/o venogram X-ray of a vein

Phleb phleb/o phlebitis inflammation of a vein

Artery arter arteri/o, arter/o arteritis inflammation of an artery

arteriovenous

relating to both artery and vein pg 32

Blood circulation Occurs in a figure 8

Blood Pressure systolic reading - pressures on arteries during contraction diastolic reading – pressures on arteries on relaxation

Sphygmomanometer – instrument that measures Blood Pressure (abbrev - BP)

AORTA

PULMONARY ARTERY

PULMONARY VEINS

PERICARDIUM

MYOCARDIUM

INFERIOR VENA CAVA

TRICUSPID VALVE

Coronary circulation Although heart is continually pumping

blood it needs its own blood supply for the heart muscle to work

arteries and veins supply heart with blood rich in oxygen take away blood low in oxygen ie coronary circulation

pg 33

TERM ROOT WORD SUFFIX

AngiogramMeaning

PhlebotomyMeaning

CardiologyMeaning

CardiomegalyMeaning

AortorrhaphyMeaning

Diseases & Disorders

Angina pectoris Arrhythmia Bradycardia Cardiology Embolism Endocarditis Ischaemia pg 34

Abbreviations

ABE – Acute bacterial endocarditis ABG – Arterial blood gas AMI – Acute Myocardial Infarction CABGs – Coronary Artery Bypass

Grafts CCF – Congestive Cardiac Failure ECG - Electrocardiogram

Symptomatic Terms

Cyanosis Angiospasm Arrhythmia Ischaemia tachycardia

Diagnostic Terms Aneurysm – ballooning of an artery Angina pectoris – pain in centre of chest Atherosclerosis – hardening of arteries due

to fatty deposits Coarctation – congenital narrowing of

aorta Hypoxia – lack of oxygen in tissues Mitral stenosis – narrowing of mitral vavle Thrombophlebitis – inflammation of wall of

vein with assoc.blood clot

Operative Terms

Anastamosis Atherectomy Cardiectomy Defibrillation Endarterectomy transplantation