care of clients in correctional settings copyright ©2008 by pearson education, inc. upper saddle...
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Care of Clients in Correctional Settings
Copyright ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.Community Health Nursing, 5/eMary Jo Clark
26CHAPTER
Community Health Nursing, 5/eMary Jo Clark
Copyright ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Health Care in Correctional Settings
Between 2 and 10 million people are in correctional system
Community Health Nursing, 5/eMary Jo Clark
Copyright ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Health Needs Due to
• Vulnerability to health problems
• Potential for exploitation
• Constitutional right to health care
Community Health Nursing, 5/eMary Jo Clark
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Risk for Transmission of Communicable Diseases
• Within the correctional setting
• To the outside community
Community Health Nursing, 5/eMary Jo Clark
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Predisposition for Other Health Concerns
• Social isolation
• Boredomملل• Stress
• Hostility
• Depression
Community Health Nursing, 5/eMary Jo Clark
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Basic Nursing in Correctional Settings
• Focus on care to individuals and families
• Disease prevention
• Health promotion
• Recognition and treatment of disease and injury
• Counseling
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Advanced Nursing in Correctional Settings
• Focus on policy formulation and program development, implementation, and evaluation
• Supervision
• Management
• Clinical practice
• Program evaluation
Community Health Nursing, 5/eMary Jo Clark
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Biophysical Considerations
• Age and aging
• Gender and ethnic composition
• Existing health problems
• Pregnancy
• Immunization status
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Psychological Considerations
• Preexisting conditions– Drug and alcohol abuse– Mental illness
• PTSD– Women and juveniles أالحداث
• Suicide
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Physical Environmental Considerations
• Confined spaces
• Poor ventilation
• Lack of temperature control
• Unsanitary conditions
Community Health Nursing, 5/eMary Jo Clark
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Sociocultural Considerations
• Socioeconomic factors
• Homelessness
• Family relationships
• Correctional culture
• Violence and abuse
• Security issues
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Behavioral Considerations
• Diet
• Substance abuse
• Exercise/recreational opportunities
• Sexual activity
• Medication use and dispensing االستغناء practices
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Health System Considerations
• Funding for and organization of services
• Health promotion/illness prevention services
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Health System Considerations (continued)
• Medical/dental services– Minimal screening services
• Evidence of infectious disease• Existing health problems• Current medications• Disabilities/limitations• Suicide risk
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Health System Considerations (continued)
• Mental health services
• Emergency response capabilities
• Provisions for continuity of care
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Primary Prevention in Correctional Settings
• Health promotion– Adequate nutrition– Rest and exercise– Health education
• Self-care• Risk factor modification
– Prenatal care and contraception
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Illness Prevention
• Communicable disease prevention
• Suicide prevention
• Violence prevention
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Primary Prevention: Advocacy
• Availability of health promotion services
• Availability of illness/injury prevention services
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Secondary Prevention in Correctional Settings
• Screening
• Diagnostic services
• Treatment
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Screening Foci
• Identify and address health needs of inmates
• Pregnancy screening• Promote early identification of key
problems• Identify and isolate potentially
communicable inmates• Pre-existing mental illness• Specialized screening
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Diagnostic Services
• Medical conditions
• Mental illness
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Treatment
• Medications– TB treatment– HIV therapies
• Medical treatments– Chronic health conditions– Substance abuse/Mental health
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Treatment (continued)
• Emergency care
• Disaster care
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Tertiary Care in Correctional Settings
• Long-term care planning
• Reentry
• End-of-life care
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Long-term Care Planning
• Assistance by a personal care attendant
• Inmates السجناء with chronic conditions
• Provision of home care in general population
• Monitoring treatment compliance
• Transfer to appropriate facility as needed
• Adult day care services
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Reentry Planning
• Development of systematic discharge protocols• Development of individual discharge plan and
assistance with family reintegration as needed• Provision for continuity of health care• Arrange for a supply of necessary medications
on discharge• Arrangement for health insurance coverage• Advocacy for prerelease االفراج planning,
community infrastructure البنية التحتية to support reentry, and civil rights of released inmates
Community Health Nursing, 5/eMary Jo Clark
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End-of-life Care
• Advanced directives
• Palliative care
• Compassionate release
• Referral to hospice care
• Inmates under sentence of death
• Advocacy for medical parole إطالق سراح and arrangement for follow-up مشروطcare
Community Health Nursing, 5/eMary Jo Clark
Copyright ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Resources
• Incarcerated women HERSA website discussing the health status and health indicators of incarcerated women.
• Journal of Correctional Health Care Peer reviewed Journal addresses areas such as clinical health care, health services and support, personnel and staffing, ethical issues, clinical services, medical records, continuous quality improvement, risk management and medical-legal issues. Clinical guidelines and position statements are published in the Journal.
Community Health Nursing, 5/eMary Jo Clark
Copyright ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Resources
• Forensic Science Resource Center information center includes forensic science literature such as scientific publications, journals, magazines and articles authored by forensic professionals and those working in related disciplines; covering topics such as brain fingerprinting, condom trace evidence, forensic DNA, palynology, crime scene investigation, cyber-terrorism, forensic mapping, ballistics, voice identification, sexual assault, identity theft, digital forensics, and human trafficking.
Community Health Nursing, 5/eMary Jo Clark
Copyright ©2008 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Resources
• New York Times Examines Prison HealthA yearlong examination of Prison Health by The New York Times reveals repeated instances of medical care that has been flawed and sometimes lethal.