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Federal AviationAdministrationCargo Fire
Suppression by Depressurization
The 6th Triennial Fire & Cabin Safety Research ConferenceTropicana Casino Resort; Atlantic City, NJOctober 25 – 28, 2010
Richard HillProgram Manager, Fire Safety TeamFAA Wm. J. Hughes Technical CenterAtlantic City International Airport, NJ 08405
2Federal AviationAdministration
Cargo Fire Suppression by Depressurization
PressureTransducer
(Top View)
10 m Pressure Vessel
3Thermocouple
Line to vacuum pump
Inlet valve
Test samples
3Federal AviationAdministration
Cargo Fire Suppression by Depressurization
Acrylic Burn Rate vs Altitude
0.000
0.005
0.010
0.015
0.020
0.025
0.030
0.035
0.040
0.045
SL 8K 16K 18K 20K 22K 24K 26K
Altitude
Bur
n R
ate
(cm
/sec
ond)
4Federal AviationAdministration
Cargo Fire Suppression by Depressurization
JetA Burn Rate vs Altitude
0.000
0.020
0.040
0.060
0.080
0.100
0.120
SL 8k 16k 18k 20k 22k 24k 26k
Altitude
Bur
n R
ate
(gra
ms/
sec)
5Federal AviationAdministration
Cargo Fire Suppression by Depressurization
Jet A Mass Loss vs. Altitude
y = -0.163x + 8.1807
0.001.002.003.004.005.006.007.008.009.00
0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0
Altitude
gm/M
inut
e
6Federal AviationAdministration
Cargo Fire Suppression by Depressurization
Propanol mass loss Vs Altitude
y = -0.1668x + 9.2124
0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00
Altitude
gm/M
inut
e
7Federal AviationAdministration
Cargo Fire Suppression by Depressurization
Acrylic Burn Rate vs. Altitude
y = -0.053x + 2.2747
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Altitude
Burn
Rat
e c
m/m
inut
e
8Federal AviationAdministration
Cargo Fire Suppression by Depressurization
Heated Lithium Ion Battery vs Altitude
0.0
2.5
5.0
7.5
10.0
12.5
15.0
17.5
20.0
22.5Se
a Le
vel (
14.7
psia
)
8K' (
10.9
2 ps
ia)
16K'
(7.9
6 ps
ia)
18K'
(7.3
4 ps
ia)
20K'
(6.7
5 ps
ia)
22K'
(6.2
0 ps
ia)
24K'
(5.6
9 ps
ia)
26K'
(5.2
2 ps
ia)
Altitude
Min
utes
Flame OutIgnitionpop
9Federal AviationAdministration
Cargo Fire Suppression by Depressurization
Altitude vs Time to Battery Venting & Ignition1.6 L/min Propane Flame - 10g Single Lithium Primary Battery
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140SL
(14.
7 ps
ia)
8K' (
10.9
2 ps
ia)
16K'
(7.9
6 ps
ia)
18K'
(7.3
4 ps
ia)
20K'
(6.7
5 ps
ia)
22K'
(6.2
psi
a)
24K'
(5.6
9 ps
ia)
26K'
(5.2
2 ps
ia)
Altitude
Seco
nds
Battery VentingIgnition
10Federal AviationAdministration
Cargo Fire Suppression by Depressurization
PressureTransducer
(Top View)
10 m Pressure Vessel
3Thermocouple
Line to vacuum pump
Inlet valve
13Federal AviationAdministration
Cargo Fire Suppression by Depressurization
8,000 Feet to 18,000 Feet
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
0:00:00 0:07:12 0:14:24 0:21:36 0:28:48 0:36:00 0:43:12 0:50:24
Time (HH:MM:SS)
Tem
pera
ture
(°F)
0
5
10
15
20
25
%O
2 / P
SI
Ch #1: T/C 1 (°F) Ch #5: PressTrans (PSI) Ch #8: Oxygen Analyzer (%O2)
14Federal AviationAdministration
Cargo Fire Suppression by Depressurization
8,000ft (10.92 PSI) to 18,000ft (7.34 PSI)
0200400600800
1000120014001600
0:00:00 0:14:24 0:28:48 0:43:12 0:57:36
Test Time (HH:MM:SS)
Tem
pera
ture
(°F)
0
5
10
15
20
25
TC PSI %O2
15Federal AviationAdministration
Cargo Fire Suppression by Depressurization
8,000 Feet to 24,000 Feet
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
0:00:00 0:07:12 0:14:24 0:21:36 0:28:48 0:36:00 0:43:12 0:50:24 0:57:36 1:04:48
Time (HH:MM:SS)
Tem
pera
ture
(°F)
0
5
10
15
20
25
%O
2 / P
SI
Ch #1: T/C 1 (°F) Ch #5: PressTrans (PSI) Ch #8: Oxygen Analyzer (%O2)
16Federal AviationAdministration
Cargo Fire Suppression by Depressurization
8,000ft (10.92 PSI) to 24,000ft (5.7 PSI)
0200400600800
1000120014001600
0:00:00 0:07:12 0:14:24 0:21:36 0:28:48 0:36:00 0:43:12 0:50:24
Test Time (HH:MM:SS)
Tem
pera
ture
(°F)
0
5
10
15
20
25
TC PSI %O2
17Federal AviationAdministration
Cargo Fire Suppression by Depressurization
Cruise @ 8,000 Feet
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
0:00:00 0:07:12 0:14:24 0:21:36 0:28:48 0:36:00 0:43:12 0:50:24
Time (HH:MM:SS)
Tem
pera
ture
(°F)
0
5
10
15
20
25
%0 2
/ PS
I
Ch #1: T/C 1 (°F) Ch #5: PressTrans (PSI) Ch #8: Oxygen Analyzer (%O2)
18Federal AviationAdministration
Cargo Fire Suppression by Depressurization
Cruise @ 8,000 Feet (10.92 PSI)
0200
400600
8001000
12001400
1600
0:00:00 0:07:12 0:14:24 0:21:36 0:28:48 0:36:00
Test Time (HH:MM:SS)
Tem
pera
ture
(°F)
0
5
10
15
20
25
PSI /
%O 2
TC PSI %O2
19Federal AviationAdministration
Cargo Fire Suppression by Depressurization
Cruise @ 8,000 feet with Halon
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
0:00:00 0:07:12 0:14:24 0:21:36 0:28:48 0:36:00 0:43:12
Test Time (HH:MM:SS)
Tem
pera
ture
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Ch #1: T/C 1 (°F) Ch #3: Analyzer (%) Ch #5: PressTrans (PSI)
20Federal AviationAdministration
Cargo Fire Suppression by Depressurization
Cruise @ 8,000 Feet (10.92 PSI) w ith Halon
0
200
400
600800
1000
1200
1400
1600
0:00:00 0:07:12 0:14:24 0:21:36 0:28:48 0:36:00 0:43:12
Test Time (HH:MM:SS)
Tem
pera
ture
(°F)
0
5
10
15
20
25
PSI /
%O
2 / H
alon
%
TC Halon% %O2 PSI