cari mclean. used for trade and barter of norwegian fish for russian flour and grain...
TRANSCRIPT
Cari McLean
Russenorsk
Historical Background
used for trade and barter of Norwegian fish for
Russian flour and grain
flann4.files.wordpress.com/2007/11/fisherman.jpg
Historical Background
used for trade and barter of Norwegian fish for
Russian flour and grain
contact limited to summer months
flann4.files.wordpress.com/2007/11/fisherman.jpg
Historical Background
used for trade and barter of Norwegian fish for
Russian flour and grain
contact limited to summer months
started in late 1700’s
flann4.files.wordpress.com/2007/11/fisherman.jpg
Historical Background
used for trade and barter of Norwegian fish for
Russian flour and grain
contact limited to summer months
started in late 1700’s
degradation started around 1847
flann4.files.wordpress.com/2007/11/fisherman.jpg
Historical Background
used for trade and barter of Norwegian fish for
Russian flour and grain
contact limited to summer months
started in late 1700’s
degradation started around 1847
definitive end in 1917
flann4.files.wordpress.com/2007/11/fisherman.jpg
adstrates Russian Norwegian
Sociolinguistic Background
http://www.norskfolkemuseum.no/en/Stories/Set-3/The-fisherman/
adstrates Russian Norwegian
lexical contributors English Dutch Low German Swedish Finnish French Sami
Sociolinguistic Background
http://www.norskfolkemuseum.no/en/Stories/Set-3/The-fisherman/
Trade Cities
Norway Lofoten
Islands Tromsø Hammerfest Vardø
http://www.atlapedia.com/online/maps/political/Scandinavia.htm
Trade Cities
Norway Lofoten
Islands Tromsø Hammerfest Vardø
Russia Kola
Peninsula
http://www.atlapedia.com/online/maps/political/Scandinavia.htm
Norwegians and Russians did not change the phonology of their L1 in using Russenorsk
Phonology фонология Fonologi
http://members.tripod.com/Lake_Lillian/lofotfsk.jpg
Norwegians and Russians did not change the phonology of their L1 in using Russenorsk
consonant clusters not found in both languages were simplified or avoided
Phonology фонология Fonologi
http://members.tripod.com/Lake_Lillian/lofotfsk.jpg
Russian Bilabial Labio-dentalDental &Alveolar
Post-alveolar Palatal Velar
Nasalhard /m/ /n/
soft /mʲ/ /nʲ/
Plosive
hard /p/ /b/ /t/ /d/ /k/ /g/
soft /pʲ/ /bʲ/ /tʲ/ /dʲ/ /kʲ/* [gʲ]
Affricatehard /t s/
soft /t ɕ/
Fricative
hard /f/ /v/ /s/ /z/ /ʂ/ /ʐ/ /x/
soft /fʲ/ /vʲ/ /sʲ/ /zʲ/ /ɕɕ/** /ʑʑ/** [xʲ]
Trillhard /r/
soft /rʲ/
Approximant
hard /l/
soft /lʲ/ /j/
Russian Bilabial Labio-dentalDental &Alveolar
Post-alveolar Palatal Velar
Nasalhard /m/ /n/
soft /mʲ/ /nʲ/
Plosive
hard /p/ /b/ /t/ /d/ /k/ /g/
soft /pʲ/ /bʲ/ /tʲ/ /dʲ/ /kʲ/* [gʲ]
Affricatehard /t s/
soft /t ɕ/
Fricative
hard /f/ /v/ /s/ /z/ /ʂ/ /ʐ/ /x/
soft /fʲ/ /vʲ/ /sʲ/ /zʲ/ /ɕɕ/** /ʑʑ/** [xʲ]
Trillhard /r/
soft /rʲ/
Approximant
hard /l/
soft /lʲ/ /j/
Norwegian
Labial Dental/Alveolar
Post-alveolar Palatal Velar Glotta
l
Nasal m n ɳ ŋ
Plosive p b t d ʈ ɖ k g
Fricative f s ʂ ʃ ç h
Approximant ʋ l ɭ j
Flap ɾ ɽ
Norwegian
Labial Dental/Alveolar
Post-alveolar Palatal Velar Glotta
l
Nasal m n ɳ ŋ
Plosive p b t d ʈ ɖ k g
Fricative f s ʂ ʃ ç h
Approximant ʋ l ɭ j
Flap ɾ ɽ
roughly, Russian and Norwegian contribute equally in lexicon
Lexicon лексикон Ordbok
http://www.knaw.nl/ecpa/sepia/images/noor.jpg http://rasputin.clueinc.net/auto_exh/RPCCollective?
id=286670&from=1
Norway
Russia
roughly, Russian and Norwegian contribute equally in lexicon
words from other languages can be seen as well Ex: Sami word for ‘and’ is ‘ja’
Lexicon лексикон Ordbok
http://www.knaw.nl/ecpa/sepia/images/noor.jpg http://rasputin.clueinc.net/auto_exh/RPCCollective?
id=286670&from=1
roughly, Russian and Norwegian contribute equally in lexicon
words from other languages can be seen as well Ex: Sami word for ‘and’ is ‘ja’
there can be variability in the lexicon between speakers, but some words are invariable Norwegian ‘fiske’ always used
Russian ‘rybe’ never used Russian pronouns ‘moja’ 1 SG and ‘tvoja’ 2 SG
Norwegian ‘jeg’ or ‘du’ rarely used
Lexicon лексикон Ordbok
roughly, Russian and Norwegian contribute equally in lexicon
words from other languages can be seen as well Ex: Sami word for ‘and’ is ‘ja’
there can be variability in the lexicon between speakers, but some words are invariable Norwegian ‘fiske’ always used
Russian ‘rybe’ never used Russian pronouns ‘moja’ 1 SG and ‘tvoja’ 2 SG
Norwegian ‘jeg’ or ‘du’ rarely used
Lexicon лексикон Ordbok
‘-om’ marks verbs, possibly of Russian origin ‘-a’ marks nouns
RN: tvoja kopom oreka?
you buy nut
You buy nuts?
Morphology морфология Morfologi
‘-om’ marks verbs, probably of Russian origin ‘-a’ marks nouns
RN: tvoja kopom oreka?
you buy nut
You buy nuts?
‘ja’ and ‘jes’ used as coordinating conjunctions
Morphology морфология Morfologi
‘-om’ marks verbs, probably of Russian origin ‘-a’ marks nouns
RN: tvoja kopom oreka?you buy nutYou buy nuts?
‘ja’ and ‘jes’ used as coordinating conjunctions
‘-mann’ designated nationality, ethnicity, or occupation in Norgwegian and Russenorsk
Ex: russmann Russianburmann Norwegian/fishermankukmannmerchant
Morphology морфология Morfologi
canonical word order is SVO
RN: moja kopom fiskaI buy fishI buy fish.
Syntax синтаксис Syntaks
canonical word order is SVO
RN: moja kopom fiskaI buy fishI buy fish.
SOV word order if phrase contains an adverb RN: moja tri vekkel stannom
I threeweek standI stayed three weeks.
Syntax синтаксис Syntaks
negator (Norsk ‘ikke’ or Russian ‘njet’) is restricted to second position, a rule not found in Norsk or Russian
RN: på den dag ikke russefolkrobotom
on that day not Russians work
On that day, Russians don’t work.
negator (Norsk ‘ikke’ or Russian ‘njet’) is restricted to second position, a rule not found in Norsk or Russian
RN: på den dag ikke russefolk robotom on that day not Russians work On that day, Russians don’t work.
lack of grammatical temporal markers, so adverbials used
RN: kanske morradagmerapris maybe tomorrow more priceMaybe the price will be higher tomorrow/later.
‘værsgo’ marks imperative and is placed phrase initial
RN: værsgo ju på moja skib vaskom please you on my
ship wash Clean my ship.
‘værsgo’ marks imperative and is placed phrase initial
RN: værsgo ju på moja skib vaskom please you on my ship
wash Clean my ship.
‘kanske’ marks epistemic modality or futurity and is placed phrase initially
RN: kanske lita tjai drikkom? maybe some tea drink Do you want to drink some tea?
some words lost their original meaning and were used to close a locative copula in certain phrases, similar to use of ‘ste’ in HPE
HPE: hi ste maui He is in Maui temporarily.
RN: moja på stova på Kristus sprek stannom
I on house on Christ speak stay
I was in church.
Kotsinas makes the argument that the generalized ‘komme’ comes from Immigrant Swedish (IS)
RN: værsågo, burmann, på skib komm please fisherman on ship comeCome aboard, fisherman.
RN: burman kom fiska
fisherman come fishGive me the fish.
RN: nokka lite pjan kom
a little drunk cameI got a bit drunk.
Russenorsk has only one preposition, ‘på’ and is generalized Norwegian is ‘på’ Russian is ‘po’
RN: moja krank på magaI sick on stomachI have a stomach-ache.
RN: ja på madam Klerck tri daga ligge ne I on Madame Klerck three days lie down I stayed at Madame Klerck’s estate for three days.
The 'på' Problem
på can also used to mark an indirect object and possession
direct objects may or may not be marked with ‘på’
RN: moja paa ju presentombaanbaan I on you give candy I will give you candy.
RN: merabetter på moja morebetter on me
It is better for me.
RN: på tvoja kona? on you wife
Do you have a wife?
på cont…
preverbal ‘på’ is inconsistent and there is not an agreed upon explanation; maybe can be explained by Russian influence
RN: davajpaa slipomRussian: Davaj pospim.
Let us sleep.
på cont…
no native speakers
Russenorsk as a Pidgin
http://pro.corbis.com
no native speakers
function words rarely occur
Russenorsk as a Pidgin
http://pro.corbis.comhttp://pro.corbis.com
no native speakers
function words rarely occur
no copula
Russenorsk as a Pidgin
http://pro.corbis.comhttp://pro.corbis.com
no native speakers
function words rarely occur
no copula
temporal adverbs used
Russenorsk as a Pidgin
http://pro.corbis.comhttp://pro.corbis.com
no native speakers
function words rarely occur
no copula
temporal adverbs used
simplified phonology
Russenorsk as a Pidgin
http://pro.corbis.comhttp://www.ascp.ru/en_htm/3.htm
no native speakers
function words rarely occur
no copula
temporal adverbs used
simplified phonology
derivational morphology
Russenorsk as a Pidgin
http://pro.corbis.comhttp://pro.corbis.com
Arends, Jacques, Pieter Muysken, and Norval Smith. Pidgins and Creoles: an Introduction. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John
Benjamins Publishing Company, 1995.
Haugen, Einar I. Beginning Norwegian: A Grammar and Reader. New York: Appleton Century Crofts, Inc, 1937.
Jahr, Ernst Håkon, and Ingvild Broch. “On the Pidgin Status of Russenorsk.” Trends in Linguistics: Studies and Monograph,
no. 88 (1996): 107-122.
Kotsinas, Ulla-Britt. “Aspect Marking and Grammaticalization in Russenorsk Compared with Immigrant Swedish.” Trends in
Linguistics: Studies and Monograph, no. 88 (1996): 123-154.
Lunden, Siri Sverdrup. Russenorsk: Revisited. Olso: Universitetet i Oslo, 1978.
Parkvall, Mikael. “Language Contact in the Arctic: Reviews.” Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages, no. 15 (2000): 189-
198.
Press, Ian. A History of the Russian Language and its Speakers. Lincom Europa, 2007.
Pul’kina, I.M. A Short Russian Reference Grammar. Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1964.
Pul’kina, I.M., and E.B. Zakhava-Nekrasova. Russian for English Speaking Students. London: Pergamon Printing and Art
Services LTD., 1961.
Schimizzi, J. Synonymy Among Russian Primary Prepositions. Ann Arbor: Xerox University Microfilms, 1974.
Bibliography
Hungerman Thanksgiving. Advanced Russian I. iTunes Podcast (downloaded Feb. 7, 2009).
“The Fisherman.” Norsk Folkemuseum. http://www.norskfolkemuseum.no/en/Stories/Set-3/The-fisherman/ (accessed Feb. 7,
2009)
“History.” JSC Arkhangelsk Sea Commercial Port. http://www.ascp.ru/en_htm/3.htm (accessed Feb. 8, 2009).
“Norwegian Phonology.” Wikipedia. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norwegian_phonology (accessed Feb. 7, 2009).
“Russian Phonology.” Wikipedia. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_phonology (accessed Feb. 7, 2009).
“Useful Russian Phrases.” Omniglot: Writing Systems and Languages of the World.
http://www.omniglot.com/language/phrases/russian.php (accessed Feb. 7, 2009).
Altapedia Online. http://www.atlapedia.com/online/maps/political/Scandinavia.htm (accessed Feb. 7, 2009).
Norsk. iTunes Podcast (downloaded Feb. 7, 2009).
http://flann4.files.wordpress.com/2007/11/fisherman.jpg (accessed Feb. 7, 2009).
http://members.tripod.com/Lake_Lillian/lofotfsk.jpg (accessed Feb. 7, 2009).
http://pro.corbis.com (accessed Feb. 7, 2009).
http://rasputin.clueinc.net/auto_exh/RPCCollective?id=286670&from=1 (accessed Feb. 7, 2009)
http://www.knaw.nl/ecpa/sepia/images/noor.jpg (accessed Feb. 7, 2009)
http://www.lofoten-info.no/Bilder/aa-old.jpg (accessed Feb. 7, 2009)
Pictures and Sound Clips