caribbean studies finished product (1)

8/17/2019 Caribbean Studies Finished Product (1)

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“Foster”-ing Caribbean Studies C.A.P.E Historians of the Future, 2009

“ FOSTER” - INGCARIBBEAN STUDIES

C.A.P.E

CARIBBEAN SOCIETY, CULTUREAND DEVELOPMENT

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“ FOSTER” - INGCARIBBEAN STUDIES

C.A.P.E

HF Historians of the future, All rights reserves, 2009

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Content:

• About the worsheet ! Page 3

• "#$i%a& E'a(ination )nstru%tions! Page3

• For the students! Pages 3

• Se%tion A* +odu&e ne Essa# uestions 2003-2006) Pages 4-14

• Se%tion /* +odu&e "wo Essa# uestions 2003-2006 Pages 15- 25

• Se%tion C* Short Answer uestions +odu&e 1- (2003- 2005) Pages 26- 40

• /ib&iogra$h#! Page 40

About the or!sheet:

"he worsheet is design to de(onstrate how %a$e Caribbean Studies 3uestions %an be inter$reted and

answered to a%hie4e +a'i(u( (ars. Fro( the Content, it is %&ear that it %onsists of THREE se%tions*

Section A* +odu&e ne Essa# uestions

Section B* +odu&e "wo Essa# uestionsSection C* Short Answer uestions

"#$i%al &'a(s )nstru%tion

1. "he duration of Pa$er ) is I hour 30 minutes. Candidates (ust answer 15 short answer 3uestions.

2. "he duration of Pa$er )) is 3hours, whi%h (eans that ea%h 3uestion %an get 65(inutes of #our

%on%entration. Candidates are ased to answer F78 3uestions o4era&&, "wo fro( ea%h (odu&e

$resented on the $a$er.

. ou shou&d :" bring notes are other te'tua& (ateria&s into the e'a(ination roo( for use during #our

e'a(ination

*or the +tuents

Students are re(inded that the 3uestions set b# the E'a(ination Coun%i& are intended to assess the range

of %ontent %o4ered b# the S#&&abus. )t is therefore i($ortant that a tota& %o4erage of the s#&&abus is done.

Candidates need to (ae their res$onses to 3uestions infor(ant and in doing so offer a high &e4e& of anati%a& fra(ewor. )t is therefore i($ortant for students to disregard their C.S.E.C. ;e4e& of

infor(ation. ou are now o&der and shou&d therefore now how to hand&e ad4an%ed 3uestions.


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SECTI*+ A

,*./E - CARIBBEA+ S*CIET1 A+ C./T.RE

CAE 2003@es%ribe the fa%tors that ha4e &ed Caribbean (igrants &i4ing in (etro$o&itan %ountries to %reate a

“ho(e awa# fro( ho(e.”

20 (arsAnser4

From the Post Indeenden!e Er"# C"r$%%e"n eo&e h"d seen $t 't to m$(r"teto the metroo&$t"n !o)ntr$es. U to the 1*+,s# $t "s )$te e/$dent th"tmore "nd more eo&e m$(r"te "nd the res)&t"nts "re seen on o)r 0"m$&$es"nd &e/e&s o0 $nter"!t$on "mon( others. B)t# &et )s !ons$der the 0"!tors $n

these metroo&$t"n !o)ntr$es th"t o)&d "&&o these C"r$%%e"n eo&e to!re"te " “home "" 0rom home”# th"t $s to 0ee& !om0ort"%&e

"4 For most "rts# the Cariea! re"i#! i$ %#&e'e& #( the%etr#)#'ita! *#+!trie$. 5e sh"re s$m$&"r &"n()"(es $.e. S"n$sh# En(&$sh#D)t!h "nd Fren!h# "r!h$te!t)r"& st&es# ed)!"t$on# 6)st$!e sstem# !ros#d$shes et!. As s)!h e !"n 0ee& !om0ort"%&e "ro)nd the n"t$/es o0 the!o)ntr e sett&e "nd mer(e "&on( $th them o/er t$me.

%4 7"n C"r$%%e"n eo&e so)(ht to )r#%#te the *+'t+ra' a*tiitie$ #

the re"i#!. The or("n$8ed !"rn$/"&s# oen C"r$%%e"n rest")r"nts#$ntrod)!e the$r me"ns o0 entert"$nment e.(. re(("e. 9$ter"t)re# sorts et!.

!4 E!onom$! str)((&e $s one o0 the m"$n re"son eo&e de!$de to m$(r"te# "ss)!h the "re "%&e to !re"te " home %e!")se there $s the aai'ai'it # e%)'#%e!t. S$n!e o)r ed)!"t$on"& sstems "re h$(h& s$m$&"r# C"r$%%e"neo&e !"n "& "nd "tt"$n 6o%s $n 7etroo&$t"n so!$et$es.

d4 G'#a'i/ati#! m":es the or&d sm"&&er. C"r$%%e"n eo&e "re !om0ort"%&e&$/$n( "" 0rom home %e!")se the !"n "&"s :no h"t $s o!!)rr$n( $n

the re($on. For e;"m&es there $s the "/"$&"%$&$t o0 C"r$%%e"n Nes"erse.(. the st"rs "nd the G&e"ner4 thro)(h the $nternet.

e4 7"n #r"a!i/ati#!$ are ei!" #r%e& thr#+"h#+t the "'#e 0hi*hhi"h'i"ht$ *+rre!t i$$+e$ i! the Cariea! re"i#! e.(. The C"r$%%e"nD$"sor"


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04 There "re m"n 0"!tors th"t h"/e !")sed them to mo/e "" $n the 'rst&"!e. S)!h ro%&ems "s n"t)r"& d$s"sters# !r$me r"tes# o/er o)&"t$on "nd&"!: o0 te!hno&o( "mon( others. And there "re 0"!tors $n the metroo&$t"n!o)ntr$es th"t "tt"!hed them $n the 'rst &"!e# e.(. Te!hno&o($!"&"d/"n!ement# &o !r$me r"tes# h$(her st"nd"rds o0 &$/$n(# %etter he"&th

0"!$&$t$es. It $s there0ore e/$dent th"t "nother 0"!tor th"t !")sed them to!re"te “" home "" 0rom home” $s the %a! )+'' a!& )+$h a*t#r$e1i$ti!" i! the %etr#)#'ita! a!& Cariea! re"i#! re$)e*tie'.

2 CAE 2003

@es%ribe how the $h#si%a& &ands%a$e has inf&uen%ed sett&e(ent $atterns in the region. 20 (arsAnser4

As eo&e o0 needs "nd "nts e &$/e $n " so!$et here “&o!"t$on” $s "ne!ess$t. As s)!h# the hs$!"& &"nds!"e h"s $n>)en!ed sett&ement"tterns $n the re($on. I0 one ere to !ons$der o)r h$stor# $t o)&d ($/e "n$ns$(ht on the " e "re $n>)en!ed $n !ontemor"r C"r$%%e"n so!$et$es.

Pr$or to the "rr$/"& o0 the E)roe"ns# Pre- Co&)m%$"n so!$et "s /er m)!hor("n$8ed "nd $t re/o&/ed "ro)nd re&$($on# "(r$!)&t)re# e!onom# "nd o&$t$es.

The Ind$(eno)s o)&"!e m"$n& the C"r$%s "nd T"n$os4 sett&ed $n "re"s $thm)!h "ter "nd 0ert$&e &"nds "s the so)(ht o)t "re"s here the !o)&dh"/e &ent o0 reso)r!es to 't the$r nom"d$! &$0est&e. The E)roe"ns h"d!ome to the re($on $n rose!ts o0 e;&o$t$n( s)!h reso)r!es "nd $n "n"ttemt to do so h"/e est"%&$shed the re($on $nto "n e!onom$! )n$t !re"t$n(&"r(e s!"&e &"nt"t$ons on the %est s)$ted &"nds. ?en!e 0rom th"t e (etmost o0 o)r o$nts. Ph$i*a' 'a!&$*a)e i!2+e!*e& the 0a 0e $ett'e i!the re"i#! i! the #''#0i!" %a!!er3

"4 The aai'ai'it # Ph$i*a' Re$#+r*e$ Peo&e "re $n!&)ded to &$/e $n!&ose ro;$m$t to the$r or: &"!e. Th)s the "/"$&"%$&$t o0 hs$!"&reso)r!es "nd the !onse)ent de/e&oment o0 $nd)str$es "ttr"!t h$(ho)&"t$on dens$t$es. For e;"m&e. 7$n$n( o0 %");$te ne"r 7"nde/$&&e $n

@"m"$!" "nd the re'n$n( o0 etro&e)m "t Po$nt- " P$erre $n Tr$n$d"d h"/eres)&ted $n h$(h dens$t$es o0 o)&"t$on sett&ement "tterns4 $n these "re"s.


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%4 The )h$i*a' Feat+re$ # the La!& It $s )$te e/$dent th"t the hs$!"&0e"t)res o0 the &"nd determ$ne the "tterns o0 sett&ement. F&"t or (ent&)nd)&"t$n( &"nds "re more "ttr"!t$/e 0or sett&ements th"n mo)nt"$ns ors"m "re"s. 9$tt&e eo&e sett&e $n the B&)e 7o)nt"$ns "s oosed to the9$()"ne" &"$ns $n @"m"$!".

!4 Peo&e tend to &$/e here there $s the aai'ai'it # I!ra$tr+*t+re.In0r"str)!t)re $s determ$ned % the hs$!"& &"nds!"e. Good ro"ds "re $de"&on >"t &"nds "ter# e&e!tr$!$t# s!hoo&s# med$!"& 0"!$&$t$es# ost"& ser/$!es"nd o&$!e st"t$ons "re most& 0o)nd on "re"s th"t the hs$!"& &"nds!"e"re !""%&e to 0)&'&& the$r )roses. Peo&e tend to sett&e $n "re"s here!ert"$n !om0orts "re "orded. These there0ore $n>)en!e the " $nd)str$es"re set o)t "nd "s ment$oned %e0ore eo&e tend to &$/e $n "re"s ne"r tothe$r 6o%s.

d4 Some "re"s "re rone to d$s"sters "nd these "re not !ons$dered $de"& 0orsett&ement. In !ontemor"r so!$et# eo&e "/o$d sett&$n( $n "re"s here/o&!"noes "re e.(. $n 7ontserr"t4 or "re"s $th m)!h so$& eros$on e.(. $n?"$t$ "nd %es$de "n r$/er %"n:4.

e4 The erti'it # the 'a!& $s " (re"t " th"t s)((ests ho the &"nds!"e$n>)en!es sett&ements. In "n e!onom$! dr$/en so!$et# "(r$!)&t)re $s "n $de"&o!!)"t$on. In Tr$n$d"d 0or e;"m&e# the estern h"&0 o0 the $s&"nd $s r$!h "nd0ert$&e "nd !"n %e e"s$& !)&t$/"ted "s oosed to the "re"s $n the e"st h$!h"re m)!h dr$er. Area$ 0hi*h are $0a%), &e!$e' #re$te& #r ha$

)reai'i!" 0i!&$ hi!&er the 0a )e#)'e $ett'e.

3 CAE 2003

@uring the Past three de%ades Caribbean (usi% and Caribbean Festi4a&s ha4e gained wides$reada%%e$tan%e internationa&. Anae the nature of this i($a%t for the Caribbean.

0 (ars

Anser4

From the d"s o0 Ro%ert Nest" “Bo%” 7"r&e# Intern"t$on"& !o)ntr$es h"/eseen the !ons!$o)sness o0 C"r$%%e"n m)s$! "nd the em%r"!ed $t. The&oo:ed %eond o)r m)s$! "s the re"&$8e the otent$"&s o0 the C"r$%%e"nre($on "nd the s" $t 't to en("(e "!t$/$t $n o)r m)s$! $.e. Re(("e#!"&so4 0est$/"&s# !"rn$/"&s et!. Th$s h"s %ro)(ht )$te " “sot &$(ht” on there($on# "nd $ts $m"!ts "re $desre"d.


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P#$itie I%)a*t$"4 It $h#0*a$e$ the i$'a!&4$ &ier$it $n !)&t)res. As s)!h $t !re"tes "

m"r:et here eo&e !"n !ome "nd en6o these !)&t)res. 7ore ro'ts "rethere0ore (ener"ted "s more eo&e "nt to !ome "nd e;er$en!e the m)s$!"nd 0est$/"&s th)s )r#%#ti!" T#+ri$%. As one !"n re!"& To)r$sm $s one o0

the m"$n e!onom$! se!tors o0 the C"r$%%e"n.

%4 As the (roth o0 To)r$sm "nd the :no&ed(e o0 C"r$%%e"n m)s$!!$r!)mn"/$("te the (&o%e# more eo&e %e!ome $nterest$n( $n the $nd)str$es.

Th$s me"ns th"t the re($on sees )$te " &ot o0 #rei"! i!e$t#r$.

!4 7ore 0ore$(n $n/estment $n the C"r$%%e"n !)&t)res %ene'ts the o/er"&&C"r$%%e"n so!$et. There $s de/e&oment $n te!hno&o(# hs$!"& "nd h)m"nreso)r!es "s e&& "s m"n $n0r"str)!t)res e.(. ro"ds# st"d$)ms

d4 It ($/es the re($on "n o/er"&& “I&e!tit” "s the$r m)s$!# 0est$/"&s# "ndme"ns o0 entert"$nment %r$n(s them re!o(n$t$on. For e;"m&e# @"m"$!" $s:non "ro)nd the or&d "s the Is&"nd o0 Re(("e# Tr$n$d"d $s :non 0or $tsC"rn$/"&s "nd 0est$/$t$es. Not on& does th$s he& $th the $m"(e o0 theC"r$%%e"n %)t $t )ms r$de "nd n"t$on"&$sm $n $ts eo&e to :no th"t the"re “)n$)e”.

Ne"atie I%)a*t$

5a6 As the C"r$%%e"n sho!"se $ts m)s$! "nd 0est$/"&s more "nd more eo&e

0rom "%o"rd "$ms to )t$&$8e $ts (ro$n( roser$t. The $n!re"se $n 0ore$(n$n/estors on& me"ns th"t eo&e "$m to %ene't 0rom $t "nd there0ore $se1)'#itati#! the re"i#!4$ *+'t+re.

56 To 0)&'&& the$r e!onom$! needs "nd meet $th the dem"nd o0 m)s$!# theeo&e ho $n/est $n the !)&t)re o0 the C"r$%%e"n h"/e to !onst"nt&romote $t. Not on& th"t# %)t to m":e $t more "re!$"%&e $th eo&e o0 d$erent !)&t)res the somet$mes tr to mer(e o)r m)s$! $th other (enress)!h "s ro!:# RB "nd h$ ho "mon( other th$n(s. Thi$ i!*rea$e i!*#%%er*ia'i/ati#! a!& i!ter%i1t+re 0ith #ther "e!re$ %ea!$ that

there i$ '#$$ # )+re!e$$ # the Cariea! M+$i*.

5*6 There $s " !onst"nt )est$on o0 7h# e!e8t %#re Intern"t$on"&In/estors m" %r$n( " 0e %ene'ts to the re($on %)t the "&so %r$n( " &ot o0 ro%&ems $th the eo&e. For most "rts most o0 the %ene'ts th"t !ome0rom the romot$on o0 o)r !)&t)res "re (o$n( to"rds them "nd not theeo&e o0 the re($on. Th$s somet$mes !")ses tens$on "s eo&e %e&$e/e th"t

H


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$0 ro'ts o)(ht to %e m"de then the C"r$%%e"n eo&e "re the ones to %e($/en $t.

5&6 5$th the $n!re"se $n/o&/ements o0 Intern"t$on"& $n/estors "nd the (ro$n(&e/e&s o0 To)r$sm# the re($ons see the $ntrod)!t$on o0 ne !)&t)res "nd so

th$s &e"ds to “!)&t)r"& &)r"&$t”. As s)!h m"n $nd$/$d)"&s ese!$"&& theo)n(er (ener"t$on4 %e($n to '#$e their *+'t+re$ &+e t# i!ter-*+'t+ri/ati#!.

CAE 20032006

@is%uss the %ha&&enges of Caribbean so%iet# as it sees to a%hie4e nationa& unit# in the %onte't of %u&tura& di4ersit#.

0 (ars

Ansers4

The C"r$%%e"n So!$et h"s th"t s$m$&"r$t $n h$stor# (eo(r"h# !)&t)res "nde;er$en!es h$!h sets $t ""rt 0rom other re($ons o0 the or&d "nd th)s ($/es $t $tsIdent$t. A sh"red $dent$t "nd e;er$en!e or the s)%se)ent em%r"!$n( o0 d$erente;er$en!es th"t de'ne the C"r$%%e"n $&& romote de/e&oment "s ersons $&& %eor:$n( 0or the (re"ter (ood o0 the re($on "s oosed to the so&e %ene'ts o0 the$r!omm)n$t se(ment o0 so!$et. ?$stor$!"&&# the C"r$%%e"n re($on h"d "&"sso)(ht to )n$te themse&/es $nto one m"$n o&$t$!" e!onom$! "nd so!$"& %od. Th$sthe see "s $mort"n!e "s $t o)&d romote e!onom$! roser$t# "s e&& "srote!t $nd$/$d)"& !o)ntr$es o0 the re($on 0rom the e;&o$t"t$on o0 %$((er !o)ntr$ess)!h "s the U.S.A.It $s "0ter "&& $mort"nt to note th"t the C"r$%%e"n $s st$&& " /er !)&t)r"& d$/ersere($on "s e/$dent % $ts !ommon st"te o0 m)&t$!)&t)r"&$sm. Th$s !"n %e " h$ndr"n!eto the )n$t$n( 0eder"t$n( ro!ess $0 ersons rem"$n $n se(re("ted (ro)s %"sed onthe$r h$stor "s oosed to $dent$0$n( themse&/es "s " "rt o0 the (ener"&C"r$%%e"n "nd "s s)!h $&& %e hes$t"nt to "rt$!$"te $n the ro!ess h$!h $&& &e"dto the de/e&oment o0 not 6)st " se!t$on %)t "&& o0 the C"r$%%e"n.As s)!h $t $s $mort"nt to note the m"n !h"&&en(es the C"r$%%e"n re($on h"s "s $tsee:s to "!h$e/e n"t$on"& )n$t

"4 There $s st$&& a hi"h 'ee' # i!$+'arit a!& $#*ia' te!$i#! "mon( theC"r$%%e"n eo&e. 5e "&& sh"re d$erent !)&t)res "nd e;er$en!es "nd th$s set )s""rt 0rom e"!h other. Th$s !)&t)r"& d$/ers$t "nd e;er$en!es !re"tes " 0r"me o0

m$nd $n the eo&e. As s)!h eo&e see themse&/es "s J@"m"$!"ns” or“Tr$n$d"d$"ns” $nste"d o0 “5est Ind$"ns”.

%4 Peo&e st$&& do not )nderst"nd the !on!et o0 C"r$%%e"n Un$t# nor do the seethe $mort"n!e o0 th$s )n$t. In order 0or )s to 0)&& )n$t eo&e need to h"/e "n$de"& )nderst"nd$n( o0 the !on!et. It $s "0ter "&& e/$dent th"t some sees $t "s)re& e!onom$!" so!$"& or o&$t$!"&. The sho)&d )nderst"nd th"t )n$t$n( me"nsen0or!$n( "&& o)r !ommon e;er$en!es# !)&t)res.

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!4 )en!e "nd oer.

The so!$"& str)!t)re o0 the C"r$%%e"n h"s %een (re"t& $n>)en!ed % the $m"!t o0 !o&on$"&$sm "nd $ts "ttend"nt 0"!tors. As!r$t$/e 0"!tors s)!h "s Ra*e "nd the*#%)'e1i#! o0 oneKs s:$n h"/e !ontr$%)ted s$(n$'!"nt& $n determ$n$n( the &$0e!h"n!es o0 C"r$%%e"n eo&es. These 0"!tors ere )$te e/$dent d)r$n( the er$ods

*


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o0 s&"/er "nd Indent)resh$. Tod"# "&tho)(h so!$"& mo%$&$t $s rem$sed )on"!h$e/ed 0"!tors s)!h "s ed)!"t$on# there "re st$&& /est$(es o0 the "st "nd"s!r$t$/e 0"!tors st$&& !ont$n)e to &" " ro&e.

"4 The P'a!tati#! S#*iet9 *#'#+r C"r$%%e"n So!$o&o($sts h"/e &$n:ed the so!$"&

$ne)"&$t resent $n !ontemor"r so!$et to the retent$on o0 the %e&$e0s "nd"!t$/$t$es th"t o!!)rred d)r$n( s&"/er. o o0 eo&e %eteen to !&"sses.

6 CAE 2005

E'$&ain how the tourist industr# has he&$ed to sha$e $atterns of beha4iour within Caribbean

%o((unities.

20 (ars

Anser4

1,


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P#$itie I%)a*t$ # T#+ri$% #! Cariea! )e#)'e4$ ehai#+r

"4 To)r$sm $s "n $mort"nt so)r!e o0 0ore$(n e;!h"n(e. It he&s !re"te n)mero)s 6o%s$n the C"r$%%e"n so!$et $th rese!t to 0ood# "$r&$nes# !onstr)!t$on# entert"$nment

et! These e!onom$! %ene'ts h"/e $n!re"sed some ersons st"nd"rd o0 &$/$n( "ndh"s $n!re"sed the$r !ons)mt$on "tterns o0 $ntern"t$on"& !ons)mer (oods.

%4 There "re r"$d !h"n(es $n the "!t$ons o0 the Go/ernment. S$n!e to)r$sm $s s)!h"n $mort"nt "rt o0 the e!onom# the (o/ernment m)st ens)re the e&& %e$n( o0 the /$s$tors "s e&& "s the &o!"&s. There $s there0ore "!!e&er"ted "ttemt % the&o!"& "nd re($on"& (o/ernment to de!re"se so!$"& $&&nesses %e!")se o0 0e"r th"t $tm$(ht de!re"se to)r$st "rr$/"&.

!4 There $s the re/$t"&$8"t$on o0 )n$)e !)&t)r"& "tterns th"t m$(ht he& to m"r:etthe re($on "s " to)r$st dest$n"t$on.

Ne"atie I%)a*t$ # T#+ri$% #! Cariea! )e#)'e4$ ehai#+r

"4 Pr#$tit+ti#! a!& I%%#ra'it 5h"t m" %e )he&d "s "n "ror$"te st"nd"rdo0 %eh"/$o)r d$er 0rom one !o)ntr to "nother. Some se(ments o0 the o)&"t$on$n the C"r$%%e"n /$e $th ser$o)s reser/"t$ons the $m"!t o0 m"ss to)r$sm on thetr"d$t$on"& /"&)es o0 the eo&e. Resentment stem 0rom the 0"!t th"t homose;)"&s"nd &es%$"ns 0rom 0ore$(n !o)ntr$es "re %ro)(ht to o)r shores. The &e/e& o0 )nem&oment "&so 0osters the (roth o0 rost$t)t$on h$!h seen % some n"t$ons"s " /$"%&e e!onom$! ot$on to o/ert "nd h"rdsh$. The r$se o0 rost$t)t$one/ent)"&& &e"ds to he"&th ro%&ems $th the !onse)ent$"& sre"d o0 /enere"&

d$se"ses s)!h "s ?IM or heres.

%4 Brai! Drai! So!$o&o($sts "re !on!erned "%o)t the $n>)en!es th"t the tho)s"ndso0 to)r$st ho >o!:ed o)r shores "nn)"&& h"/e on the %eh"/$o)r o0 the so!$"&o)&"t$on. To)r$sts "re seen "s !$t$8ens o0 de/e&oed !o)ntr$es ho ossesse"&th "nd "L)en!es. Th$s !ontr"sts sh"r& $th C"r$%%e"n !o)ntr$es here)nem&oment "nd o/ert "re $desre"d. It $s $nterest$n( to d$s!o/er the e;tentto h$!h th$s 'nes the $m"($n"t$on o0 the "/er"(e erson $n the C"r$%%e"n ho"nts to (et " $e!e o0 the “%etter &$/es.” In se"r!h o0 h$(her st"nd"rds o0 &$/$n( theo)n( eo&e de!$de to m$(r"te r"$d&.

!4 C)&t)r"& &)r"&$t &e"ds to the *+'t+ra' er#$i#! "s ersons tr to m$m$! the!)&t)r"& "tterns o0 the to)r$sts "t the e;ense o0 the$r &o!"& or re($on"& !)&t)res. Ass)!h there $s the $ntrod)!t$on o0 ne 0"sh$on o0 %eh"/$o)rs $n C"r$%%e"n so!$et$th rese!t to 0"sh$on# &"n()"(e et!.

11


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7 CAE 200

@is%uss the 4iew that a “Caribbean )dentit#” is (ore %&ear e4ident a(ong Caribbean nationa&s who(eet outside the region than it is a(ong nationa&s in the Caribbean itse&f.

0 (ars

Anser4

F#r3"4 C"r$%%e"n eo&e !ome 0rom " /er d$/erse %"!:(ro)nd h$!h does not he&

them to $dent$0 $th e"!h other "nd "s s)!h there "re d$eren!es d)e to

$ns)&"r$t# !o&on$"& her$t"(e# the hs$!"& n"t)re o0 the "r!h$e&"(o# so!$"&str"t$'!"t$on "nd ethn$! se"r"t$on. ?en!e "s " eo&e $th$n the re($on e "re)n"%&e to %e 0)&& )n$ted.

%4 C"r$%%e"n n"t$on"&s o/erse"s "re nost"&($!# &one&# meet thro)(h " !e&e%r"t$on o0 C"r$%%e"n sorts "nd !)&t)re "nd or("n$8"t$ons "re more )n$ted th"n ersons $nthe re($on.

A"ai!$t3

"4 As C"r$%%e"n eo&e "re )n$ted "s " re($on h$!h $s e/$dent $n !ommon h$stor#h$(h re("rd 0or sorts ese!$"&& !r$!:et# !ommon $nher$t"n!e o0 norms "nd /"&)es

o0 &"nt"t$on so!$et e.(. C"r$%%e"n e!onom$! !omm)n$t "nd C"r$%%e"n !o)rt o0 "e"&. ?en!e des$te o)r d$eren!es there "re e&ements th"t )n$te )s.

%4 C"r$%%e"n n"t$on"&s o/erse"s "&tho)(h the "re nost"&($!# &one&# meet thro)(h "!e&e%r"t$on o0 C"r$%%e"n sorts "nd !)&t)re "nd or("n$8"t$ons "re not more )n$tedth"n ersons $n the re($on "s the C"r$%%e"n e/ents th"t the "rt":e $n "rese"son"&.

Try it yourse#

CAPE 2005- 5 minutes

@rawing on #our own e'$erien%es, dis%uss the e'tent to whi%h the %on%e$t of “Caribbean )dentit#” is a

(#th or a rea&it#.0 (ars

CAPE 2006- 5 minutes

“"he notion of a “Caribbean )dentit#” is (ore a (#th than a rea&it#”. "o what e'tent do #ou agree withthis state(entB

0 (ars

12


13/52


8 CAE 200

Assess the (easures that Caribbean %ountries %an rea&isti%a& undertae to (ini(ie the dangers $osed

b# earth3uaes.0 (ars

Anser4

An e"rth)":e $s " /$%r"t$on o0 " ser$es o0 /$%r"t$on d)e to s)dden mo/ements o0 !r)st"& ro!:s. In the C"r$%%e"n e"rth)":es tend to or$($n"te $n the se"s "nd thee"rth)":e 8one e;tends 0rom Gren"d" to St. $tts "nd ) to @"m"$!" "nd 5est o0 Tr$n$d"d. In the C"r$%%e"n se/er"& h)ndred tremors "re 0e&t e"r&# some too sm"&&to %e me"s)red. It $s "0ter "&& $mort"nt 0or )s to )nderst"nd th"t "n e"rth)":e!"nnot %e stoed nor re/ented 0rom o!!)rr$n(# hoe/er# m"n re!")t$ons "re%e$n( de/e&oed. S)!h re!")t$ons $n!&)de

"4 B)$&d$n(s $n e"rth)":e 8ones "re %e$n( des$(ned "nd !onstr)!ted to res$ste"rth)":e sh":$n(. Pro(r"mmes "re "&so )t $n &"!e to stren(then "nd te"r

don e": %)$&d$n(s. For e;"m&es# some hote&s $n the re($on "re m"de so "s tosh$0t "&on( $th the e"rth so "s to re/ent m"6or d"m"(es.

%4 There $s the se&e!t$/e )se o0 &"nds to m$n$m$8e the ee!ts o0 h"8"rdo)s (ro)nds. There $s there0ore str$!t en0or!ement o0 %)$&d$n( !odes. ?$(h- o!!)"n! %)$&d$n(sor !r$t$!"& str)!t)res sho)&d not %e &"!ed or %)$&t ne"r the 0")&ts or on &"nd- s&$de"re"s.

!4 The Go/ernment $n/ests $n the )(r"d$n( o0 mon$tor$n( te!hno&o( h$!h "$ms tored$!t 0)t)re e"rth)":es %"sed on n)mero)s en/$ronment"& $ss)es. A!!)r"tered$!t$ons o0 e"rth)":es $&& erm$t t$me& e/"!)"t$on o0 the most h"8"rdo)s

%)$&d$n(s.

d4 There $s $n!re"se )%&$! ""reness o0 the n"t)r"& d$s"sters.


14/52


Anser4

"4 T#+ri$% Ree0s "re noted 0or the$r n"t)r"& 'sh m"r$ne en/$ronment. In th$s "#ree0s "re /"&)"%&e to to)r$sm e.(. s$(htsee$n(# snor:e&$n( "nd ser/e "s " 0ore$(ne;!h"n(e mone e"rner. Co)ntr$es s)!h "s B"r%"dos# B"h"m"s Is&"nd# Berm)d"

Is&"nd "nd @"m"$!" deend (re"t& )on To)r$sm. Ree0s dr" h)ndreds o0 tho)s"nds o0 to)r$st "nn)"&&. Th$s ro/$des "n essent$"& 0ore$(n re/en)e so)r!e. The )nder"ter s!ener $s "ttr"!t$/e to &oo: "t e.(. r$st$ne !or"& ree0s "re &o!"ted"t B)!!o Ree0 $n To%"(o "nd Cor"& G"rdens o S"&$s%)r $n Dom$n$!".

%4 C#a$t'i!e Pr#te*ti#! Cor"& ree0s "re )se0)& $n sh$e&d$n( !o"st&$nes 0rom theee!ts o0 "/e eros$on. Ree0s rote!t !o"st"& /$&&"(es# !o"st"& &o&"nds "nd hote&s0rom m"r$ne destr)!t$on. F$shermen "re "%&e to she&ter the$r %o"ts $n the !"&m"ter o0 ree0 &"(oons. Ree0s there0ore !re"te the n"t)r"& %re":"ter 0or stron("/es.

!4 Fi$hi!" Ree0s "re $mort"nt to 'sh$n(. 7"n !o"st"& !omm)n$t$es deend onthe ree0 0or 'sh$n( "s " &$/e&$hood. F$sh /"r$et$es "%o)nd d)e to the n"t)r"& !or"&h"%$t"t h$!h ro/$des "n "ssortment o0 'sh 0ood. Ree0s "re there0ore the %reed$n((ro)nds 0or 'sh "nd other m"r$ne &$0e. The %"rr$er ree0 $n Be&$8e# 0or e;"m&e# $s thehome o0 ten h"rd Cor"& "nd o/er =3, se!$es o0 'sh. Ree0s ro/$de ?"%$t"ts#she&ter "nd 0ood 0or m"r$ne 0")n" "nd >or".

d4 Bea*he$ 7"n s"nd %e"!hes "re m"de ) o0 !or"& m"ter$"&s "nd 0rom othershe&& !re"t)res &$/$n( "mon( the ree0s. Ree$ !#t #!' )ree!t ea*h er#$i#!+t it )r#i&e$ ae$theti* a'+e t# the re"i#! ea*he$. These %e"!hes 0orm "m"6or to)r$st "ttr"!t$on $n the C"r$%%e"n.

e4 Me&i*i!a' Va'+e Cor"&s !ons$st o0 med$!$n"& roert$es h$!h )nder$n/est$("t$on "re )se0)& "s "nt$- !"n!er dr)(s# "nt$-%$ot$!s "nd "nt$- !o"()&"nts. The%o)&der !or"&s "re )sed "s " mode& 0or %one $m&"nts.

0 CAE 2005@es%ribe how edu%ation, as a so%ia& institution, i($a%ts on Caribbean so%iet# and %u&ture.

20 (ars

Anser4

@ohn 7"!$on$s 2,,34 de'nes ed)!"t$on "s “the so!$"& $nst$t)t$on ()$d$n( "so!$etKs tr"nsm$ss$on o0 no&ed(e $n!&)d$n( %"s$! 0"!ts# 6o%s s:$&&s "nd"&so !)&t)r"& norms "nd /"&)es to the mem%ers”. The ed)!"t$on"& sstems

1=


15/52


h$!h e/o&/ed $n the C"r$%%e"n ere sh"ed $n no sm"&& " % the re($onKsh$stor. Some o0 these e/ents $n!&)de !on)est "nd !o&on$8"t$on % oers#s&"/er# the E)roe"ns dom$n"ted oer str)!t)re# " s$n(&e e;ort !ro#E"st Ind$"n Indent)resh$ "nd the de/e&oment o0 " str"t$'!"t$on sstem%"sed &"r(e& on r"!e "nd !o&o)r. It $s e/$dent th"t Ed)!"t$on "s " so!$"&

$nst$t)t$on $m"!ts on C"r$%%e"n so!$et "nd !)&t)re. Th$s $s %oth os$t$/e"nd ne("t$/e

P#$itie e(e*t$ # e&+*ati#! #! Cariea! $#*iet a!& *+'t+re

"4 ?"&&$:" 1**14 o%ser/ed th"t ed)!"t$on h"d " d$re!t &$n: to the o&$t$!"&ro!ess. It $s there0ore "n $de"& too& to 0oster the $deo&o( o0 n"t$on"&$sm.Ed)!"t$on $s )sed to en(ender modern$8"t$on o0 C"r$%%e"n so!$et.

%4 Ed)!"t$on "!ts "s " /eh$!&e o0 so!$"& mo%$&$t $n the C"r$%%e"n "nd so he&

eo&e to $mro/e the$r st"nd"rd o0 &$/$n(.

!4 Ed)!"t$on en0or!es !ert"$n &"s# !)&t)res# /"&)es# s:$&&s "nd !)&t)r"&"tterns $n the C"r$%%e"n Peo&e. Th$s tr"nsm$ss$on o0 $n0orm"t$on rod)!es" !ommon “Ident$t” "mon( the C"r$%%e"n eo&e# "nd !ontr$%)tes to!)&t)r"& retent$on "mon( the eo&e o/er t$me. In!re"se $n ed)!"t$on"&!"m"$(n "&so ser/es to re/$t"&$8e some !)&t)r"& "tterns th"t "re &os$n(s$(n$'!"n!e $th the o)n(er (ener"t$on.

Ne"atie e(e*t$ # e&+*ati#! #! Cariea! $#*iet a!& *+'t+re

"4 It $s e/$dent th"t some $de"s "re en0or!ed $n ed)!"t$on o/er others. Ass)!h# there tends to %e "n $de" o0 $ne)"&$t $n the ed)!"t$on"& sstem "sthe /$es o0 one (ro) o0 eo&e $s more en0or!e $n the te"!h$n( ro!ess.7ost C"r$%%e"n So!$o&o($st $dent$'es th$s "s " “h$dden !)rr$!)&)m”.

%4 Des$te $ts (ood $ntent$ons# the ed)!"t$on"& sstem m$rrors th"t o0 $nd)str$"&$8ed !o)ntr$es# h$!h d$s!r$m$n"tes to some e;tent "("$nstmem%ers o0 the &oer so!$"& "nd e!onom$! !&"sses $n the se&e!t$/e ro!ess.

The ed)!"t$on"& sstem tends to d$re!t the o)n( to"rds ed)!"t$on"& "nd

so!$"& !ho$!es th"t "re stron(& &$n:ed to the$r so!$"& !&"ss %"!:(ro)nd "ndh$!h &e"d to the m"$nten"n!e o0 the !&"ss str)!t)re.

!4 Ed)!"t$on $s one o0 the m"$n "s $n h$!h eo&e /$e e"!h other "nd so$t !")ses so!$"& str"t$'!"t$on $n the C"r$%%e"n ($/en o0 !o)rse# th"t e "re "mer$to!r"t$! so!$et4. It &e($t$m$8es so!$"& $ne)"&$t % romot$n( the $de"

1


16/52


th"t eo&e %e&on( to " se!$'! !&"ss %e!")se the re0)sed to )rs)eed)!"t$on.

CAE 2005

"o what e'tent do Euro$ean %u&tura& institutions %ontinue to do(inate Caribbean so%iet# and Cu&tureB

0 (ars

Anser4

C)&t)r"&So!$"& $nst$t)t$on reresents "n end)r$n( or("n$8"t$on or or("n$8ed sstemo0 %eh"/$o)r$"& "tterns th"t e"!h so!$et de/e&os to meet $ts %"s$! needs. So!$"&$nst$t)t$ons ro/$de ro)t$ne "tterns 0or de"&$n( $th red$!t"%&e "tterns o0

so!$et"& &$0e so!$"& &$0e4. C+'t+ra'9S#*ia' i!$tit+ti#!$ i!*'+&e a%i', re'i"i#!,e*#!#%, )#'iti*$, e&+*ati#!, 'e"a' $$te%, a!& %a$$- %e&ia.

7"n eo&e "r()e th"t the E)roe"n !)&t)r"& $nst$t)t$ons !ont$n)e to dom$n"tethe C"r$%%e"n so!$et "nd !)&t)re. To s)ort the$r "r()ment the !&"$m th"t s$n!ethe !o&on$8"t$on o0 the C"r$%%e"n# the E)roe"ns h"/e sett&ed the re($on 0or o)r0o)r h)ndred e"rs )nt$& the re($on )rs)e $ts $ndeenden!e. As s)!h# $t $s e/$dentth"t the C"r$%%e"n re($on $s 0"sh$oned o o)r E)roe"n !o)nter"rts $th rese!tsto o)r so!$"& $nst$t)t$ons. In oos$t$on )$te " n)m%er o0 eo&e %e&$e/e th"ttho)(h the E)roe"n $n>)en!e $s st$&& e/$dent $n C"r$%%e"n !)&t)re "nd so!$et# $t $snot tr)e th"t the dom$n"te them. Th$s $s m"$n& "s e "s " eo&e# tend to !h"n(e

o/er t$me "nd "s s)!h !h"n(e o)r !)&t)res r"$d&. Se!$'! so!$"& $nst$t)t$ons $&&%e d$s!)ssed

5a6 Re'i"i#!3E)roe"n re&$($o)s %e&$e0s "re /er m)!h dom$n"nt $n the C"r$%%e"n So!$et.Chr$st$"n$t %oth Rom"n C"tho&$!$sm "nd Protest"nt4 $s the most $n>)ent$"& "nddom$n"nt re&$($o)s %od $n the C"r$%%e"n so!$et "nd $t $n>)en!es o)r &"s# /"&)es"nd %e&$e0s. ;#0eer, m"n C"r$%%e"n $nd$(eno)s re&$($ons $n>)en!e the m"sses"s e&&. R"st"0"r$"n$sm# Moodoo "nd Re/$/"&$sm "mon( others "re $mort"ntre&$($o)s %od$es th"t "re )n$)e to the C"r$%%e"n.


17/52


se& se":# !omm)n$!"te "nd te"!h others "re d$re!t& 0"sh$oned o o)rE)roe"n !o)nter"rt so m)!h so th"t e/en no# " C"r$%%e"n $nd$/$d)"& !"n "&"nd "tt"$n " 6o% $n E)roe"n !o)ntr$es )s$n( o)r ed)!"t$on"& %"!:(ro)nd.;#0eer# $t $s $mort"nt to &e"rn ho the C"r$%%e"n ed)!"t$on"& sstem $s!h"n($n(. It $s e/$dent th"t the "$m o0 ed)!"t$on $n the ne o&$t$!"&& $ndeendent

so!$et$es "s to 0oster e)"&$t o0 oort)n$t# "tt"$n so!$"& mo%$&$t "nd en(enderde/e&oment "nd modern$8"t$on o0 e!onom$!. Neerthe'e$$# the E)roe"ned)!"t$on"& sstem $s st$&& dom$n"nt $n the re($on.

5*6 G#er!%e!t9 'e"a' $$te%$E)roe"n $n>)en!es "re st$&& )$te e/$dent $n o)r 6)st$!e sstem. 5e "s C"r$%%e"neo&e "!!et the (o/ernment mode& o0 o)r on!e "rent !o)ntr e.(. @"m"$!" $smode& o Br$t"$n "nd St. 7"rt$n $s mode& o0 th"t o0 Fr"n!e. Tho)(h e h"/e more"" 0rom the$r sstem dee& )s$n( o)r on re!edents "nd &"s# %e st$&& )sethe$r sstem 0or " &"t0orm. F)rthermore# the E)roe"ns st$&& h"/e $n>)en!es $n o)r(o/ernment tod". The Fren!h Is&"nds "re st$&& $nterdeendent o0 Fr"n!e 0or

e;"m&e. E/en so# the Br$t$sh C"r$%%e"n !o)ntr$es st$&& )se the Pr$/ Co)n!$& h$!h$s !o)rt o0 En(&$sh 6)d(es. Attemts h"/e %een m"de to !h"n(e $t to the C"r$%%e"n%"sed Co)rt.

5&6 E*#!#%E)roe"ns h"/e s)re& &e0t the$r m"r:s on the e!onom o0 the re($on. 5e norm"&&"!!et those &e0t % o)r e;er$en!e $th P&"nt"t$on s&"/er "nd so to th$s d"# the!)&t$/"t$on o0 s)("r !"ne $s st$&& " /er $mort"nt e!onom$!"& "!t$/$t. ;#0eer# $tm)st %e noted the dn"m$! "%$&$t$es o0 the C"r$%%e"n eo&e. 5e h"/e d$/ers$'edthe re($onKs e!onom s$(n$'!"nt& % the $ntrod)!t$on o0 ne !ros# e;ort$n( o0 %");$te "nd o$& et!.

5e6 Fa%i'E)roe"n 0"m$& str)!t)re "s !"t)red $n the C"r$%%e"n d)r$n( the Preem"n!$"t$on er" "s the m"ster $th h$s $0e "&on( $th the$r !h$&drenth)s " !+*'ear a%i'. Tho)(h $t $s e/$dent th"t the C"r$%%e"n h"sn)mero)s emer($n( n)!&e"r "tterns $t $s e/$dent th"t other 0"m$&str)!t)res "re emer($n( $n the re($on. E;tended 0"m$&$es h$!h !ome o)t o0 Indent)resh$ "nd the (ro$n( 7"tr$0o!"& 0"m$& "re more e/$dent $n so!$etth"n the n)!&e"r 0"m$&. 5h$&e $t $s e/$dent th"t E)roe"n $n>)en!es h"/esh"ed most o0 o)r so!$"& $nst$t)t$on s)!h "s 0"m$&# re&$($on# ed)!"t$on "nd

o&$t$!"& sstem# $t $s not s$(n$'!"nt& tr)e th"t the$r $n>)en!es "re st$&&dom$n"nt $n the re($on. 5e "s " dn"m$! (ro) o0 eo&e h"/e (otteno)rse&/es d$erent $ntern"& "nd e;tern"& 0"!tors th"t h"/e !h"n(ed the$r$n>)en!es d)r$n( the Post- $ndeenden!e er".

r$ctice Ess$ys :uestions

1H


18/52


It is im"ort$nt to note th$t $ c$n&i&$te nee&s sim"#y $ 'oo& intro&uction $n& $t #e$st F*.R

stron' "oints $#on' ith $ conc#usion to 'et m$%imum m$rs Thou'h it is necess$ry or one to

h$!e $s much "oints $s nee&e&; $ stu&ent shou#& not $ste time $&&ressin' $## o them Remem


19/52


@es%ribe how :E art for( or e'$ression of $o$u&ar %u&ture has %ontributed signifi%ant to the

e%ono(i% de4e&o$(ent of Caribbean %ountries.

20 (ars

Anser4

O!e %a *h##$e t# &i$*+$$ #! either a! art #r% #r e1)re$$i#! # )#)+'ar *+'t+re. A$ $+*h *a!&i&ate$ %a a&&re$$ M+$i*, Da!*e, Dra%a#r Art a!& S*+')t+re #r art #r%$ a!& #r )#)+'ar *+'t+re #!e %a*h##$e Ra$taaria!i$%, Car!ia'$, Literat+re, Re""ae et*.

F#r thi$ a!$0er 0e 0i'' '##: at the )#)+'ar *+'t+re3 Ra$taaria!i$%

Po)&"r !)&t)re m" $n!&)de " r"n(e o0 e;ress$ons o0 !re"t$/$t th"t "re"!!ess$%&e to# rod)!ed %# "nd en6oed %# the m"6or$t o0 " so!$et. Po)&"r!)&t)re h"s %een one $mort"nt me"ns % h$!h# e/en $n d"s o0 !o&on$"&$sm"nd s&"/er# eo&e ere "%&e to e;ress the$r $dent$t. Po)&"r !)&t)re he&edto reser/e "rts o0 the her$t"(e o0 /"r$o)s ethn$! (ro)s th"t ere %ro)(ht$nto the re($on. C"r$%%e"n o)&"r !)&t)re $n re!ent e"rs $s %e$n( m"r:eted "&&o/er the or&d. C"&so# !"rn$/" re(("e# &$ter"t)re "nd the stee& "n# h"/e not(one )nnot$!ed "!ross the (&o%e.

It $s )$te !&e"r th"t m"n eo&e $n the C"r$%%e"n em%r"!e the$r R"st"0"r$"n$dent$t. R"st"0"r$"n$sm "s " o)&"r !)&t)re $s seen $n o)r m)s$!# 0"sh$on "nd0ood "mon( other th$n(s. Th$s o)&"r !)&t)re h"s !ontr$%)ted s$(n$'!"nt& too)r C"r$%%e"n so!$et e!onom$!"&& $n the 0o&&o$n( "s

"4 R"st"0"r$"ns h"/e (re"t& %een "sso!$"ted to the r$se a!& &ee'#)%e!t t#Re""ae M+$i*. Re(("e h"s set the "!e 0or C"r$%%e"n m)s$! "nd $s$n!oror"ted $n m"n (enres "!ross the or:. Bo% 7"r&e# %e$n( " R"st"0"r$"n#d)r$n( h$s d"s "s one o0 the $oneers o0 Re(("e o)&"r$t s)((ests the ro&e&"ed % th$s o)&"r !)&t)re $n the m)s$! o0 the re($on. Peo&e 0rom "&& o/erthe or&d tr"/e& to @"m"$!" to e;er$en!e Re(("e m)s$! 'rst h"nds "nd th$s%r$n( e!onom$! %ene'ts to o)r !o)ntr re($on.

%4 R"st"0"r$"ns % themse&/es attra*t t#+ri$% to the re($on. Peo&e "!ross theor&d &o/e the$r $de" o0 e"!e "nd &o/e "nd the$r !"re0)& "tt$t)de to n"t)re.

@"m"$!" $s :non 0or $nst"n!e "s the $s&"nd o0 the R"st"0"r$"ns. In!re"se $n To)r$sm me"ns $n!re"se $n 0ore$(n e;!h"n(e 0or the re($on.

!4 R"st"0"r$"ns "re str$!t /e(et"r$"ns "nd so there $s the !onstr)!t$on "ndoer"t$on o0 m"n ita' re$ta+ra!t$ "!ross the C"r$%%e"n# h$!h %r$n(s to theeo&e 0resh& (ron /e(et"%&es "nd &"nts. These rest")r"nts "re $mort"nt"ttr"!t$on 0or /e(et"r$"ns "nd somet$mes to)r$sts# th)s %e$n( e!onom$!"&$mort"nt 0or the re($on.

1*


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d4


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%4 There $s the se&e!t$/e )%&$!"t$on "nd !ensorsh$ o0 &etters to the ed$tors. A%"&"n!ed $!t)re o0 the /$es o0 the o)&"t$on on e!onom$!# so!$"& "nd o&$t$!"&$ss)es m" not %e resented %e!")se o0 o&$t$!"& $nter0eren!es.

!4 There m" %e the /$!t$m$8"t$on o0 em&oees o0 the med$" ho re0)se to to

the &$ne o0 the (o/ernment# th)s the e/o&)t$on o0 !ree$n( d$!t"torsh$.

3 CAE 2003

“S$orts ha4e (ade a (a=or %ontribution in the Caribbean.” "o what e'tend do #ou agree with this

state(ent.0 (ars

Anser4

The C"r$%%e"n re($on en6os " $de %"se o0 sorts $n!&)d$n( Cri*:et, F##ta'',te!!i$, #''ea'' a!& Ba$:eta'' a%#!" #ther$. In m"n !"ses Sorts "re$mort"nt to the o/er"&& e&& %e$n( "nd de/e&oment o0 the C"r$%%e"n. Sorts

!ontr$%)te s$(n$'!"nt& $n the 0o&&o$n( "s

"4 Sorts "re one o0 the m"$n me"ns o0 %r$n($n( the eo&e o0 the C"r$%%e"n to$nte(r"te. It $s e/$dent th"t the "&& the C"r$%%e"n !o)ntr$es sh"re the s"mesorts. Th$s s$m$&"r$t he&s them to re&"te to e"!h other more "nd "s s)!h "!ts"s " %re":$n( 0or!e o0 the &e/e& o0 $ns)&"r$t $n C"r$%%e"n so!$et. It $n!re"se!omet$t$on "mon( the eo&e "s "&so %r$n( to them re!o(n$t$on "nd $dent$t $nthe Intern"t$on"& sort$n( or&d.


22/52


e4 S$n!e sorts he&ed $th the de/e&oment o0 To)r$sm# $t $s 0"$r to s" th"t $t"ss$st $th the $mro/ement "nd de/e&oments o0 m"n $n0r"str)!t)res "!rossthe C"r$%%e"n. For e;"m&e# $n 2,,H $th the ICC Cr$!:et ser$es th"t too: &"!e$n the C"r$%%e"n there "s the $mro/ement $n the str)!t)re o0 ro"ds# "$rorts

to "!!om"n the $n!re"se to)r$st /$s$ts# e;"nd$n( o0 n"t$on"& st"d$)ms "s e&&"s sort$n( "ren"s. 5$th th"t sort "&so he& $th the em&oment o0 !onstr)!tors et!.

04 Sorts "re no $de"& o!!)"t$ons 0or m"n C"r$%%e"n $nd$/$d)"&s. Peo&e "reen("(ed 0)&& t$me $n 0oot%"& "th&et$!s# !r$!:et et!. "nd these "re the$r *areer$.As s)!h the "re rod)!t$/e mem%ers o0 the so!$et th"t )ses the$r s:$&&s "s "" o0 %ene't$n( themse&/es "nd the eo&e o0 the$r !o)ntr.

CAE 2003

“)($orted te%hno&og# has (argina& i($ro4ed the e%ono(ies of the Caribbean.” "o what e'tent do #ou

agree with this state(entB

0 (ars

Anser4

In tod"Ks so!$et there $s e/$den!e o0 the (&o%"&$8"t$on o0 te!hno&o(. Te!hno&o( $th rese!t to !om)ters# hones# m"!h$nes et! "re !onst"nt&%ro)(ht to the C"r$%%e"n "s the eo&e o0 the re($on dem"nd them. In m"n!"ses eo&e "r()e th"t the &"r(e $mort"t$on o0 te!hno&o( $n the C"r$%%e"nh"s on& m"r($n"&& $mro/ed the e!onom$!s o0 the re($on. I! 0hat 0a i$thi$ tr+e

"4 In!re"se $n te!hno&o( oses )$te " ro%&em to the &o!"& $nd)str$es. Be!")seo0 "dd$t$on"& te!hno&o($!"& "d/"n!es there $s " /"r$et o0 te!hno&o($es th"t "re$ntrod)!ed to the re($on "nd th$s 0osters !omet$t$on. The 0"&& $n tr"d$t$on"&(oods d)e to th$s !om&et$on &e"d to the e&$m$n"t$on o0 some $nd)str$es.

%4 In!re"se $n $morted te!hno&o( osed )$te " 0e so!$et"& ro%&ems e.(.o&&)t$on h$!h "e!ts the eo&e o0 the so!$et ho "re the ens)r$n( 0"!tors o0 the e!onom.

!4 In!re"se $n te!hno&o( me"ns th"t m"n $nd)str$es o)&d see the )se o0

h)m"n &"%o)r "s )n$mort"nt. As s)!h th$s "e!ts the "ttern o0 &$/$n( $n theso!$et "s e&& "s the e!onom "s the re()&"r %)$n( "ttern o0 the eo&e $sred)!ed %e!")se o0 )nem&oment.

Tho)(h te!hno&o( h"s %ro)(ht some m"r($n"& $mro/ement o0 the e!onom$eso0 the re($on $t $s )$te e/$dent th"t $t "&so %ro)(ht some os$t$/e ee!ts "se&&.

22


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"4 In!re"se $n te!hno&o($!"& "d/"n!ement $n the C"r$%%e"n me"ns th"t there "reee!t$/e )ses o0 the reso)r!es 0o)nd $n the re($on. Th$s $n!re"se rod)!t$/$t"s there o)&d %e &ess "ste o0 the reso)r!es "nd the re!!&$n( o0 reso)r!es!"n he& to re/ent the de&et$on o0 them.

%4 Imorted te!hno&o( !"n $mro/e the &$/$n( !ond$t$ons o0 the eo&e "ndthere0ore the e!onom.


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s!$ent$sts et!. The $mort"n!e o0 the h)m"n reso)r!e $s seen $n the )t$&$8"t$ono0 " /"r$et o0 s:$&&s to so&/e ro%&ems. ?)m"n reso)r!es "re there0ore$mort"nt 0or the "!h$e/ements o0 h$(h &e/e&s o0 rod)!t$/$t $n the re($on. Ass)!h me"s)res sho)&d %e $m&emented to $mro/e the h)m"n reso)r!es. These$n!&)de

1. E&+*ati#! S$n!e h)m"n %e$n(s "re %orned $th !ert"$n $nn"te s:$&&s# t"&ents"nd "%$&$t$es. Ed)!"t$on "nd tr"$n$n( there0ore t" these reso)r!es "nd de/e&othem to the 0)&&est otent$"&.

2. ;ea'th A he"&th erson m" %e des!r$%ed "s one hose hs$!" ment"&"nd emot$on"& !""!$t$es "re not "e!ted. There $s " d$re!t &$n: %eteen "he"&th n"t$on "nd $ts rod)!t$/$t. In!re"se $n he"&th !"re he& $th therod)!t$/$t o0 the re($on.

3. There $h#+'& e the *#!$ta!t )r#te*ti#! # the h+%a! re$#+r*e$ # the re"i#!. Ind$/$d)"&s m" %e he"&th "nd ed)!"ted %)t the "re )nder!onst"nt thre"t 0rom !r$m$n"& "!t$/$t$es s)!h "s dr)( "%)se# ro%%er# r"e "ndm)rder.

d4 Prod)!t$/$t !"n %e h$ndered $0 the ersons ho rod)!e (oods "nd ser/$!esdo not rei!e$t i! their '#*a' e*#!#%ie$ ese!$"&& $0 the rod)!t$/e se!tor$s s"t)r"ted $th m)&t$n"t$on"&s# there0ore res)&t$n( $n &$m$ted %ene'ts 0or the!o)ntr re($on. I0 the rod)!t$/e se!tor 0"$& to $n/est $n the h)m"n !"$t"sonsor$n( "nd !ontr$%)t$n( to so!$"& "men$t$es th"t $&& he& " !o)ntr to re"!h$ts 0)&& otent$"& $t $&& h$nder rod)!t$/$t.

e4


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te!hno&o($es &$:e the $nternet# the !"n %) "nd se&& "&most "nth$n( 0rom"&most "n &"!e on e"rth $th 6)st " !&$!: o0 " mo)se %)tton somet$mes 0or "0r"!t$on o0 $ts !ost h"d $t %een )r!h"sed &o!"&&. F)rthermore# $th )#'i*ie$-$+*h a$ that # ree tra&e- 0ood $tems# !&othes# &);)r$es# ed)!"t$on"&e)$ment# "nd other rod)!ts deemed ne!ess"r to m"$nt"$n " "rt$!)&"r

st"nd"rd o0 &$/$n( h"/e "&so %e!ome more e"s$& o%t"$ned %e!")se o0 $ts &o/"&)e.

%4 It m)st %e noted th"t the $mro/ement $n tr"nsort"t$on d)e to (&o%"&$8"t$onh"s "&so stren(thened the re($onKs J$ntern"t$on"& to)r$stK $nd)str# "s /$s$tors'nd $t more eO!$ent "nd e"s$er to "rr$/e her % &"ne "nd % o!e"n &$ner. The$mro/ement o0 tr"nsort"t$on te!hno&o( "ro)nd the (&o%e $s "nother$mort"nt !omonent o0 (&o%"&$8"t$on. In the C"r$%%e"n# trae'i!" r#% #!e*#+!tr t# a!#ther ar#+!& the re"i#! ha$ e*#%e 'e$$ ti%e-*#!$+%i!"a!& i!e1)e!$ie. Th$s $s "n "d/"nt"(e %e!")se re($on"& to)r$sts ho)r!h"se 0ood s)&$es# !&othes "nd sto!: 0or erson"& )se or 0or %)s$ness 0romne$(h%or$n( !o)ntr$es# "re " me"ns thro)(h h$!h (o/ernments $n these!o)ntr$es (ener"te re/en)e

!4 Imro/ed tr"nsort"t$on methods h"/e "&so m"de $t e"s$er 0or the C"r$%%e"nto tr"nsort (oods "%ro"d to re($ons here $t o)&d h"/e %een $moss$%&e%e0ore to tr"nsort them %e!")se o0 the$r d$st"n!e or $n"!!ess$%$&$t# th$s$den$n( o0 the re($on"& m"r:et me"ns "n $n!re"se $n e;ort ro'ts 0or there($onKs n"t$ons. There i$ a'$# the re'ate& &r#) i! tra!$)#rtati#! *#$t$a!& the re&+*ti#! i! the '#$$ # )r#8t$ d)e to so$&"(e o0 (oods# 0ore;"m&e# 0resh 0r)$ts "nd /e(et"%&es tr"/e&$n( 0orm the C"r$%%e"n to E)roe#

%e!")se tr"nsort"t$on methods h"s %e!ome seed$er "nd more eO!$ent.

Ne"atie E(e*t$ #! the )ri*e$ # "##&$ a!& $eri*e$

"4 Con!&)s$/e&# the ro!ess o0 (&o%"&$8"t$on h"s h"d " ne("t$/e $m"!t on ther$!es o0 (oods "nd ser/$!es $n the C"r$%%e"n $n some "s# %e!")se $t $s "ro!ess th"t re)$res (o/ernments to re&$n)$sh !ontro& o0 the$r e!onom$es "nd"&&o 0ree "!!ess to m"r:ets th"t ere on!e rote!ted# so th"t the 'ndthemse&/es #)e! t# +!air *#%)etiti#! 0ith a$t' 'ar"er !ei"h#ri!"*#+!trie$.

%4 The C"r$%%e"n re($on "nd $ts rese!t$/e e!onom$es "re $n " st"te th"t doesnot &end $tse&0 $&&$n(& to the ent$re (&o%"&$8"t$on ro!ess. The !t+r! # "'#a' e*#!#%# the e!onom$! "nd so!$"& "n$! !")sed % the "&"rm$n( r$se $nterror$st "!t$/$t# the !on>"(r"t$on o0 !o)ntr$es s)!h "s those $n E)roe "nd the!h"n(e $n the (&o%"& %"&"n!e o0 oer d)e to s)!h )n$ons# h"/e "&& $m"!ted onthe /"&)e o0 (oods "nd ser/$!es $n the C"r$%%e"n st"tes. Th$s me"ns th"t

2


26/52


(&o%"&$8"t$on !")ses " !ert"$n $nter-re&"ted "tt"!hment %eteen the C"r$%%e"n"nd $ts tr"d$n( "rtners (&o%"&&.

!4 G&o%"&$8"t$on !")ses !oror"t$ons 0rom d$erent !o)ntr$es to $n/est $n the(oods "nd ser/$!es o0 o)r re($on. The "re there0ore the ones ho determ$ne

the r$!es o0 o)r (oods "nd ser/$!es "nd there0ore "!t to e;&o$t the re($on. The $&& )&t$m"te& $n!re"se the r$!es to (ener"te more ro'ts 0or themse&/es.

7 CAE 200

@is%uss the e'tent to whi%h the ine3uitab&e distribution of wea&th in Caribbean %ountries %an be regardedas a brea%h of so%ia& =usti%e.

0 (ars

Anser4

S#*ia'


27/52


2. A ersons e"&th $s d$re!t& &$n:ed to the$r ro&e $n so!$et e.(. " te"!her $&& (etmore " th"n " erson ho or:s $n " sho

3. There "re m"n "ttemts to e/"de the oorer eo&e o0 so!$et 0rom the$rst"te e.(. $n!re"s$n( $n ed)!"t$on"& )rs)e# the "!t$/$t$es o0 UN "nd d$erente&0"re ro(r"ms.

=. So!$"& @)st$!e s)((ests th"t "n $nd$/$d)"& sho)&d h"/e the m$n$m"& "mo)nt toh"/e " st"nd"rd o0 &$/$n( there0ore the d$str$%)t$on o0 e"&th does not "e!tth"t# $th m$n$m)m "(es e/erone h"s the m$n$m"& "mo)nt to s)r/$/e.

. The (o/ernment o0 the !o)ntr$es $n the C"r$%%e"n h"s "doted m"nstr"te($es to ro/$de (ood he"&th "nd ed)!"t$on 0or the m"sses th"t !"n s)$tthe$r e!onom$! st"t)s.

8 CAE 2005

For a n$me& Caribbean %ountr#, des%ribe the fa%tors that (a# be hindering the $ro%ess of de4e&o$(ent.

20 (ars

Anser4

Dee'#)%e!t !"n then %e de'ned "s the s)st"$ned &e/e& o0 e!onom$!# so!$"!)&t)r" o&$t$!"& "nd en/$ronment"& e&&-%e$n( o0 " !o)ntr. For most "rts#there $s no re"& de/e&oed !o)ntr. E"!h !o)ntr hoe/er h"s "doted d$erentme"s)res to de/e&o th"t "rt$!)&"r !o)ntr. In the C"r$%%e"n re($on# e h"/e&e"rned 0rom e;er$en!es th"t re"& de/e&oment %e($ns 0rom the home# "nd so$t $s ne!ess"r to de/e&o o)r h)m"n "nd hs$!"& reso)r!es th)s "!h$e/$n(m";$m)m rod)!t$/$t.

5e h"/e "!h$e/ed m"n de(ree o0 de/e&oment $n the C"r$%%e"n "nd th$s $s

e;o)nded $n o)r (roth o0 hs$!"& reso)r!es s)!h "s %");$te "nd o$ o)r$n0r"str)!t)res "nd more $mort"nt& o)r eo&e. In s$te o0 th$s# there "rem"n 0"!tors th"t re/ent m";$m)m de/e&oment $n the re($on. These 0"!tors$n!&)de

"4 The Di$tri+ti#! # 0ea'th The d$str$%)t$on o0 e"&th $n the C"r$%%e"n $s/er )n0"$r. Some eo&e $&& !onst"nt& %e e"&th$er th"n others# "nd th$se"&th norm"&& 0"&&s $n the h"nds o0 those $nd$/$d)"&s ho !ontro& the me"ns o0 rod)!t$on. Th$s )&t$m"te& "e!ts o)r de/e&oment. The $der the e!onom$!(" $s %eteen the r$!h "nd the oor the &on(er " !o)ntr $&& t":e to de/e&o"s the e"&th "nd "!!e&er"ted e!onom$! "!t$/$t $&& %e !on!entr"ted to "

"rt$!)&"r (ro) "s oosed to %e$n( $desre"d.

%4 Nat+ra' a!& %a!-%a&e &i$a$ter$ N"t)r"& "nd m"n-m"de d$s"stersh$nders de/e&oment "s $t !ontr$%)te to the &oss o0 $n0r"str)!t)re# &$0e# !ros "nd(ener"& h$ndr"n!e o0 the de/e&oment ro!ess "s de/e&oment ro6e!ts h"/e to%e d$/erted to $mmed$"te d$s"ster m$t$("t$on needs. ?)rr$!"nes "nd to " &essere;tent e"rth)":es "nd /o&!"noes !ont$n)e to re": h"/o! on the re($on. In

2H


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the e/ent o0 these n"t)r"& d$s"sters (o/ernment h"/e to )se s!"r!e reso)r!esto resond to d$s"ster needs.

!4 A! +!&ee'#)e& h+%a! )#)+'ati#! The ?)m"n Reso)r!es o0 " !o)ntr $so0 /$t"& $mort"n!e. ?)m"ns h"/e /"r$n( t"&ents "nd "%$&$t$es th"t "re!onst"nt& %e$n( )sed to h"rness the hs$!"& reso)r!es "nd !on/ert them $nto

)se0)& rod)!ts. There0ore hen the (o/ernment re0)ses or $s )n"%&e to ro/$dethe eo&e $th %etter tr"$n$n( thro)(h ed)!"t$on# %etter he"&th !"re#sonsor$n( o0 re!re"t$on "!t$/$t$es "nd rote!t$on 0rom h"rm the m"$n reso)r!es"re not %e$n( de/e&oed. As s)!h the o/er"&& de/e&oment o0 " !o)ntr $sh$ndered.

d4 The *ha!"i!" *'a$$ #+!&arie$ The re($on h"s " stron( h$stor o0 so!$"&str"t$'!"t$on. Th$s h$nders de/e&oment "s $0 there "re no "/en)es or s!oe 0orso!$"& mo%$&$t $th$n " so!$et then th$s !"n &e"d to "nt"(on$sm "s eo&e $&&see themse&/es "s $n0er$or "s or &ess $mort"nt th"n those ho o!!) h$(herst"t)s. A r$($d !&"ss str)!t)re %reeds $nse!)r$t m$str)st "nd !"n h"/e "ne("t$/e $m"!t on de/e&oment. A/en)es 0or so!$"& mo%$&$t m)st e;$st tore"rd eo&e ho "re $nd)str$o)s# /$s$on"r "nd rod)!t$/e.

e4 The La*: # Te*h!#'#"i*a' a&a!*e%e!t Te!hno&o( $s o0 /$t"& $mort"n!e0or the de/e&oment o0 " !o)ntr. Te!hno&o( "d/"n!es the reso)r!es o0 "!o)ntr %e &e"d$n( to more ee!t$/e )ses o0 them "nd (re"ter m"ss rod)!t$on.It m":es the d)t$es "nd 6o%s o0 or:ers $n "&& 'e&d o0 so!$et hether ed)!"t$onor !onstr)!t$on e"s$er "nd more ee!t$/e. Te!hno&o( &e"ds to the !re"t$on o0 rod)!ts th"t !"n modern$8e "&& "re"s o0 so!$et "nd !"n %e )sed "s "sr$n(%o"rd 0or e!onom$! de/e&oment e.(. the "/"$&"%$&$t o0 )&tr" so)nd

m"!h$nes $n the he"&th se!tor# $n!re"sed rod)!t$/$t "s " res)&t o0 ")tom"t$on.

It $s "&so $mort"nt th"t te*h!#'#"i*a' a&a!*e%e!t *a! a'$# a(e*t the&ee'#)%e!t o0 " !o)ntr. Te!hno&o( $s )sed to re&"!e h)m"ns $n se/er"&'e&ds "nd th$s &e"d to the &oer$n( o0 the st"nd"rd o0 &$/$n(# h$!h me"ns th"tthe deenden! r"te on the (o/ernment h"s $n!re"sed. The s$de ee!ts o0 o&&)t$on et! "re detr$ment"& to the o/er"&& rod)!t$/$t o0 so!$et. Add$t$on"&&%e!")se o0 te!hno&o($!"& "d/"n!e there $s " /"r$et o0 $ntern"t$on"& (oodsh$!h >ood o)r re($on"& m"r:ets there%# ro/$d$n( re($on"& (oods $th 'rm!omet$t$on

04 T#+ri$% To)r$sm does $n $ts on " de/e&oed some C"r$%%e"n !o)ntr$ese!onom$!"&&# hoe/er# $ts m"n %"!:&"shes sort o0 !"n!e&&ed $ts de/e&oment"$ms. To)r$sm &e"ds to the de&et$on o0 o)r reso)r!es e.(. 'shes $t !")ses!)&t)r"& eros$on# %e"!h eros$on "nd o&&)t$on# d"m"(es to o)r !or"& ree0s# %r"$ndr"$n# rost$t)t$on "nd $mmor"&$t et!. These "re "&& d$s"stro)s to thede/e&oment "$ms o0 o)r !o)ntr$es.

2+


29/52


9 CAE 2005

@es%ribe how dis%ri(ination against wo(en i($a%ts on the de4e&o$(ent in the Caribbean.

20 (ars

Anser4

From the &"te 1*,,s# omen h"/e shon the$r tr)e !o&o)rs "nd the h"/ee;!eeded $n ed)!"t$on# o&$t$!s# !onstr)!t$on# "(r$!)&t)re# "nd sorts "mon(other th$n(s. In most !"ses the h"/e mo/ed "" 0rom the tr"d$t$on"& ro&es o0 omen "nd h"/e /ent)red $n the 'e&ds th"t h"/e )s)"&& deemed to %e m"&edom$n"ted. Th$s h"s !")sed m)!h "ttent$on on the (ender# "nd $t $s e/$dentth"t the "re /$e d$erent& 0rom m"&e or:ers# or m"&es# $n (ener"&. Thed$s!r$m$n"t$on o0 omen $s st$&& e/$dent $n Contemor"r C"r$%%e"n so!$et "ndth$s o0 !o)rse h"s ne("t$/e ee!ts on the de/e&oment o0 the re($on

"4


30/52


e(e*tie!e$$ # the h+%a! re$#+r*e$ # the re"i#! a!& th+$ the 'ee'# &ee'#)%e!t

0 CAE 2005

Suggest wa#s in whi%h the touris( industr# in the Caribbean %an further ad4an%e de4e&o$(ent in the

region. 20 (ars

Anser4

To)r$sm $s "n $mort"nt e!onom$! se!tor o0 the C"r$%%e"n re($on. S)!h!o)ntr$es "s Berm)d"# B"r%"dos# Tr$n$d"d "nd @"m"$!" deend dee& on

To)r$sm 0or the de/e&oment o0 the$r !o)ntr$es. The !&$m"te "nd e"ther# theeo&e# the !)&t)re# the &o!"t$on o0 the C"r$%%e"n "re "&& $de"& "nd th$sro/$des "n "ttr"!t$on th"t "&&os to)r$sts to >ood o)r shores. To)r$sm $sthere0ore $mort"nt 0or 0)rther de/e&oment o0 the re($on $n the 0o&&o$n("s

"4 To)r$sm $s "n $mort"nt "/en)e 0or #rei"! e1*ha!"e ear!i!"$. B thero/$s$on o0 ser/$!es s)!h "s tr"/e "!!ommod"t$on# 0ood# "nd re!re"t$on"&"!t$/$t$es# to to)r$sts the re($on !"n r"n: to)r$sm "s " m"6or e"rner o0 0ore$(n e;!h"n(e to e$ther %");$te or o$&. The !o&&e!t$on o0 th$s !)rren! (oes" &on( " $n he&$n( to $mro/e the %"&"n!e o0 "ment s$t)"t$ons $n the!o)ntr$es th)s !&e"r$n( o)r de%ts "nd !"n "&so %e )sed to $n/est $n d$erentde/e&oment !"m"$(ns.

The C"r$%%e"n deends )on to)r$sm to he& m$n$m$8e the$r "d/erse tr"de

%"&"n!e. The 0ore$(n re/en)es "!!r)ed he&s to "&&e/$"te tr"de $m%"&"n!e.For !o)ntr$es th"t deend on "(r$!)&t)r"& e"rn$n(s s)!h "s the E"sternC"r$%%e"n "nd B"r%"dos# to)r$sm $s o0 "r"mo)nt $mort"n!e d)e to the>)!t)"t$n( n"t)re o0 the$r "(r$!)&t)r"& e;orts "nd e"rn$n(s.

%4 The C"r$%%e"n To)r$sm


31/52


the ro/$s$on o0 re&$"%&e s)&$es o0 "ter# e&e!tr$!$t "nd !omm)n$!"t$on0"!$&$t$es. Th$s redo)nds to %ene't %oth the to)r$sts "nd the n"t$on"&s.

d4 To)r$sm "&&os 0or the )re$erati#! a!& )r#%#ti#! # C+'t+re.C"r$%%e"n !o)ntr$es h"/$n( the$r on $nd$(eno)s !)&t)re romote to)r$sm $n

th$s 0orm "nd th$s enh"n!es !)&t)r"& reser/"t$on. C)&t)r"& 0o&:&ore s)!h "sthe stee& %"nd# !"&sos# &$m%o d"n!$n( "nd re&$($o)s !)stoms "nd tr"d$t$ons"re romoted.

e4 To)r$sts !ome to the re($on "rt& %e!")se o0 one o0 o)r n"t)r"& reso)r!es#the %e"!h. The romot$on o0 to)r$sm me"ns th"t "ter m)st %e 0ree 0romo&&)t$on s)!h "s o$& s$&&s or $nd)str$"& "stes or see"(es. The &"nds!"e"ro)nd %e!omes de/e&oed "nd there $s " (ener"& enh"n!ement o0 the "re"thro)(h 'a!&$*a)e )re$erati#!.

CAE =uestion@es%ribe F78 %ha&&enges fa%ed b# Caribbean go4ern(ents in their efforts to $ro(ote touris(

de4e&o$(ent.

20 (ars

Anser4

To)r$sm $s /er $mort"nt to the de/e&oment o0 the re($on. ?oe/er# there"re m"n !onstr"$nts "e!t$n( to)r$sm de/e&oment $n the C"r$%%e"n. These$n!&)de

"4 Ca)ita'3 7ost C"r$%%e"n !o)ntr$es s)er 0rom " short"(e o0 !"$t"&. Somee;er$en!es de'!$t %)d(ets "nd )n0"/or"%&e %"&"n!e o0 tr"de. F)nds 0or thede/e&oment o0 ee!t$/e %erth$n( 0"!$&$t$es# &"r(e "$rorts "nd other$n0r"str)!t)res "re there0ore se/ere& &"!:$n(. Under the !$r!)mst"n!es &o"ns0rom the C"r$%%e"n De/e&oment B"n:# Inter Amer$!"n De/e&oment B"n:"nd the 5or&d B"n: "re so)r!ed to )(r"de $n0r"str)!t)r"& de/e&oments.Fore$(ners "re "&so oered $n!ent$/es to $n/est $n to)r$sm $n the re($on.Interest on &o"ns "nd re"tr$"t$on o0 ro'ts % 0ore$(n $n/estors res)&t $ne!onom$! &e":"(es.

%4 Mar:eti!"3 7"r:et$n( o0 to)r$sm $s !ost& "nd e;ens$/e. Th$s $s " se/ere

!onstr"$nt $n th"t C"r$%%e"n !o)ntr$es !"nnot "ord to ee!t$/e& m"r:etthe$r to)r$sm rod)!ts (&o%"&&. 5$th the "d/ent o0 the $nternet# hoe/er# $tsho)&d %e!ome &ess e;ens$/e to m"r:et the !o)ntr$es or&d$de.

!4 L#*a' A**e$$ a!& Fa*i'itie$ C"r$%%e"n !o)ntr$es oer " /"r$et o0 s!en$!"ttr"!t$ons. The )nso$&t !o)ntrs$de "re "rt$!)&"r& "e"&$n( to the e!o-to)r$st. ?oe/er# oor "!!ess ro"ds# &"!: o0 re&$"%&e "ter s)& "nd

31


32/52


e&e!tr$!$t ser/$!es $n r)r"& "re"s h"/e ret"rded the (roth o0 th$s "se!t o0 the $nd)str

d4 There $s the $h#rta"e # $:i''e& 'a#+r $n the C"r$%%e"n. Tr"$nedersonne& to m"n"(e "&& "se!ts o0 the to)r$st $nd)str "re o0 /$t"& ne!ess$t.

Some !o)ntr$es "re )n"%&e to "ttr"!t tr"$ned ro0ess$on"&s# "rt$!)&"r& $n the0ood "nd %e/er"(e se!tor# here there $s " short"(e o0 s:$&&ed !he0s#%"rtenders "nd "$ters. These 6o%s "re erh"s seen "s men$"& "nd'n"n!$"&& )nre"rd$n(.

e4 In order to ee!t$/e& !"ter 0or to)r$sm "nd m";$m$8e the %ene'ts h$!hthe $nd)str oers# *#!ti!+#+$ a!& re'ia'e i!#r%ati#! r#% re$ear*hi$ !e*e$$ar. A!!)r"te d"t" m)st %e o%t"$ned on the e;tent o0 &$n:"(es "nd&e":"(es# 6o% !re"t$on# os$t$/e "nd ne("t$/e e;er$en!es o0 to)r$sts# the$m"!ts# the "tt$t)de o0 &o!"&s et!. In the "%sen!e o0 !omrehens$/e rese"r!h

on these to$!s the &"nner m" not %e "%&e to ee!t$/e& &"n to m";$m$8ethe otent$"& %ene'ts o0 to)r$sm.

r$ctice Ess$y :uestions

It is im"ort$nt to note th$t $ c$n&i&$te nee&s sim"#y $ 'oo& intro&uction $n& $t #e$st F*.R

stron' "oints $#on' ith $ conc#usion to 'et m$%imum m$rs Thou'h it is necess$ry or one to

h$!e $s much "oints $s nee&e&; $ stu&ent shou#& not $ste time $&&ressin' $## o them Remem


33/52


2. "o what e'tent do s$orts in the Caribbean $ro4ide edu%ationa& o$$ortunities for Caribbean $eo$&e as

we&& as a $eo$&e as a route to Caribbean nationa&is(B

0 (ars

CAE 2005

. E'a(ine how freedo( of the $ress i($a%ts on de4e&o$(ent in the CaribbeanB 0 (ars

6. E'$&ain what is (eant b# “te%hno&og#” and show the 4arieties of wa#s in whi%h %u&ture is beinginf&uen%ed toda# b# e4o&4ing te%hno&ogies.

0 (ars

CAE 200

5. @is%uss the 4iew that a (a=or %ha&&enge to the integration (o4e(ent in the Caribbean is the wide

dis$arit# in &e4e&s of de4e&o$(ent a(ong (e(ber %ountries of Cari%o(.

0 (ars

E+ *F ,*./E T@*

SECTI*+ CSH*RT A+S@ER :.ESTI*+S

CAE 2003

,*./E - CARIBBEA+ S*CIET1 A+ C./T.RE

1. a “P&ura& so%iet#” is a ter( used b# so(e authors to des%ribe so%iet# and %u&ture in the

Caribbean toda#. E'$&ain what is (eant b# $&ura& so%iet#. 2 (ars

33


34/52


Anser4

So!$o&o($st 7.G. Sm$th re0ers to the C"r$%%e"n "s " P&)r"& So!$et %e!")se $t!ons$sts o0 more th"n one r"!e or ethn$! (ro)s A0r$!"ns# E)roe"ns# As$"ns4ho sh"re the s"me (eo(r"h$!"& re($on %)t h"s noth$n( $n !ommon. These(ro)s !re"te the$r on !)&t)r"& $nst$t)t$ons "nd 0o&&o the$r on !)stoms "nd

%e&$e0s. In h$s theor he "r()es th"t these r"!es# “m$; %)t the do not m$n(&e.”

b “P&antation so%iet#” is another ter( used to des%ribe Caribbean so%iet# and %u&ture

toda#. @es%ribe, brief, "D features of a $&antation so%iet#. 6 (ars

Anser4

"4 In " &"nt"t$on so!$et# "(r$!)&t)re h"s " /er s$(n$'!"nt ro&e to the e!onom. Th$s $s tr)e o0 the C"r$%%e"n hose m"$n e!onom$!"& e"&th !omes 0rom"(r$!)&t)re s)!h "s !oee# s)("r "nd r$!e "mon( others.

%4 A so!$et !h"r"!ter$8ed % m)!h str"t$'!"t$on here !o&o)r# e"&th "nded)!"t$on &"s " /er $mort"nt ro&e $n determ$n$n( " ersonKs so!$"& st"nd$n(.

2. a ut&ine "D $ra%ti%es of $eo$&e &i4ing in the Caribbean that ha4e %ontributed to a%%e&erated soi& erosion. 2 (ars

Anser4

1. Poor 0"rm$n( te!hn$)es s)!h "s &o)(h$n(# sh$0t$n( o0 !)&t)r"t$on et!. There $sthe tenden! to o/er (r"8e &"nds.


35/52


b i4e "D e'$&anations for the $attern of distribution of indigenous $eo$&es in the Caribbean toda#. 6 (ars

Anser41. The arria' # the E+r#)ea!$ 5$th the "rr$/"& o0 the E)roe"ns# the$nd$(eno)s o)&"!e s" " /er 0or!e0)& )sh "" 0rom the$r )s)"& "re"s o0 sett&ement. 7"n o0 the Ind$"ns h"d to >ee to the mo)nt"$ns# "nd 0orest "s theE)roe"ns t":e the !o"st "nd &"$ns to oer"te the$r %)s$nesses.

2. Their #ri"i!a' %i"rat#r )atter!$ 0rom As$"# onto Centr"& Amer$!" "ndthen $nto the C"r$%%e"n. U to th$s d"# there "re n)mero)s $nd$(eno)s eo&e$n the 9esser Ant$&&es $.e.4 the C"r$%s "nd on So)th Amer$!"n m"$n&"nds.

6. @es%ribe "H8EE wa#s in whi%h the edu%ation of Caribbean nationa&s abroad has inf&uen%ed

Caribbean %u&ture. (ars

Anser41. In!re"se ed)!"t$on o0 C"r$%%e"n eo&e "%ro"d h"s !re"ted "n oen $n/$t"t$on

0or the $ntrod)!t$on o0 0ore$(n !)&t)res $nto the re($on. These eo&e %r$n( %"!:$th them d$erent /"&)es# %e&$e0s# " o0 th$n:$n( "nd $de"s. Th$s there0ore$n>)en!e the " the re&"te to eo&e $th$n the re($on "nd there0ore $m"!tson them "s e&&.

2. It "ss$sts the C"r$%%e"n $n %r$n($n( ne te!hn$!"& "nd &e"rn$n( s:$&&s to $tseo&e th)s de/e&o$n( the h)m"n reso)r!es.

3. It &e"ds to Br"$n dr"$n- "s more eo&e more "" to (et ed)!"ted# $t$n>)en!e the " others th$n:. The soon !on!&)de th"t the %est " to$mro/e the$r st"nd"rd o0 &$/$n( $s to (o "" 0rom home

=. It %r$n(s )s " more d$/erse or: 0or!e "s eo&e h"/e the !h"n!e to (et%etter )"&$'ed 0or the$r 6o%s.

5. @es%ribe "H8EE wa#s in whi%h ens&a4e(ent of the $eo$&e in the Caribbean has %ontributed to the

erasure of their %u&tura& $ra%ti%es. (ars

Anser4

Th$s o!!)r $n three $mort"nt "s SUPPRESSI


36/52


0or!ed to sto the$r !)&t)res "nd t":e the$r on. These (ro)s ere to&d th"tthe$r !)&t)res "re $n0er$or "nd %"r%"r$!.

!4 Inter-!)&t)r"t$on 5hen to d$erent !)&t)res e;$st $n the s"me &"!e# these!)&t)res h$!h sort o0 r)% o onto e"!h other. Th$s h"ened d)r$n( &"nt"t$ons&"/er "s e&& "s the en!om$end" sstem "s e&&. The ens&"/ed %e!")se the

ere !")(ht %eteen &e"rn$n( one !)&t)re "nd r"!t$!$n( the$r on# mer(ed%oth the !)&t)res th"t h"/e $n>)en!ed them.

Tot$# 30 m$rs

,*./E 2- CHA//E+>ES *F E?E/*,E+T

. a “So%ia& and e%ono(i% e3ua&iation” is one inde' of de4e&o$(ent. E'$&ain brief what this ter(

(eans. 2 (ars

Anser4

Th$s term re0ers to the d$eren!e %eteen the so!$"& !&"sses $n " "rt$!)&"rso!$et $n re&"t$ons to the "mo)nt o0 $n!ome e"rned "nd the )"&$t o0 &$0ee;er$en!ed.

% “)n%rease in (odern Gnow&edge” is a&so wide a%%e$ted as an inde' of de4e&o$(ent.

E'$&ain brief what the ter( (eans. 2 (arsAnser4

Be$n( de/e&oed $s norm"&& &$n:ed $th the Ind)str$"&$8"t$on o0 so!$et. There0ore th$s term re0ers to the $n!re"se modern$8"t$on o0 s)!h $nst$t)t$ons$th$n so!$et ese!$"&& those th"t "!!ommod"te the sre"d o0 :no&ed(eh$!h "re tho)(ht to romote $nd)str$"&$8"t$on $th$n so!$et e.(. 0"!tor$es"nd s!hoo&s "mon( others.

d State the differen%e between the ross @o(esti% Produ%t @P and the ross :ationa& Produ%t :P. 2 (ars

Anser4GDP $s the me"s)re o0 " !o)ntrKs !""%$&$t to %e se&0- s)O!$ent $ns)&$n( the (oods "nd ser/$!es o0 the ent$re o)&"t$on "nd $s there0orethe tot"& /"&)e o0 (oods rod)!ed "nd ser/$!es ro/$ded $n " !o)ntr $n "e"r. GNP hoe/er# $s the tot"& domest$! "nd 0ore$(n o)t)t rod)!ed % theres$dents o0 " !o)ntr re("rd&ess o0 the$r &o!"t$on.

3


37/52


>. @es%ribe "D fa%tors, or re&ationshi$s, in Caribbean %ountries that tend to (aintain ine3uitab&e

$atterns in the distribution of wea&th. (ars

1. 5e"&th $s d$str$%)ted % the ersons ho !ontro& the me"ns o0 rod)!t$on"nd there0ore $n 0"/o)r o0 the r)&$n( !&"ss. Th$s me"ns th"t $t deends onho d$str$%)te $t $n the 'rst &"!e.

2. Endo("m "$ms to m"$nt"$n the )n0"$r d$str$%)t$on o0 e"&th. Endo("mme"ns th"t eo&e on& m"rr $n the$r !&"ss. For e;"m&e# "n )er !&"ss $&&on& m"rr "nother )er !&"ss erson "nd ne/er one 0rom the &oer !&"ss.

.


38/52


10. )dentif# "D e'a($&es of so%ia& in=usti%e in the Caribbean and show how EACH %an i($a%t

negati4e on e%ono(i% growth and de4e&o$(ent. (ars

Anser4

"4 Ge!&er I!e>+a'it- &e"ds to se&0-esteem ro%&ems# )nderde/e&oment o0 h)m"n reso)r!es

%4 Di$*ri%i!ati#! a"ai!$t %i!#ritie$ e.(. R"st"0"r$"ns# home&ess eo&e#$nd$/$d)"&s h"/$n( ?IMAIDS

Tot$# 30 m$rs

,*./E 3- C*+.CTI+> A+ I+EE+E+T ST.IES

11. a @efine the ter(, “sa($&ing” 1 (ars

Anser4

S"m&$n( $s " o)&"r ro!ed)re $n rese"r!h $n h$!h " rese"r!her o)&dse&e!t " "rt$!)&"r (ro) o0 eo&e 0rom " o)&"t$on )nder st)d toreresent th"t o)&"t$on.

b E'$&ain wh# sa($&ing is ne%essar# in resear%h. 1 (ars

Anser4

Rese"r!hers somet$mes "nt to :no "%o)t " "rt$!)&"r o)&"t$on th"t $se;treme& &"r(e. Inste"d o0 "st$n( t$me "nd mone to o%ser/e e/er one#the "ss)me th"t " (ro) o0 eo&e e;er$en!es the s"me !$r!)mst"n!es"nd )se them "s " reresent"t$on "s " ho&e. ?en!e# s"m&$n( $s ne!ess"r"s $t s"/es t$me# ener(# mone "nd e/"des !on0)s$on.

% i4e :E reason wh# a rando( sa($&e shou&d be used in resear%h $ro=e%t. 2 (ars

Anser4A r"ndom s"m&e $s one th"t $s s$m&e determ$ned "nd not re-determ$nedor "tterned % the rese"r!her. ?en!e# $n " r"ndom s"m&e# h"t o) (et $sh"t o) "re (o$n( to o%ser/e. ?en!e# there $s no d$s!r$m$n"t$on "%o)t ""rt$!)&"r (ro) $n the o)&"t$on# or s"meness $n res)&ts th)s !ontr$%)t$n(to the /"&$d$t o0 the d"t" !o&&e!ted.

12. )n writing u$ a resear%h re$ort, there are (a=or e&e(ents or $arts whi%h (ust be arranged in a s$e%ifi%

order. :a(e "D of those e&e(ents or $arts, and brief e'$&ain what #ou wou&d in%&ude in EACH. 6

(ars

Anser4

a 9$ter"t)re Re/$e- ro/$des %"!:(ro)nd $n0orm"t$on )on the rese"r!h "th"nd

b Interret"t$ons o0 'nd$n(s- s)((est "n o/er"&& )nderst"nd$n( on "&& o0 theo%ser/"t$ons th"t h"d t":en &"!e d)r$n( the rese"r!h "nd ho $t $s re&e/"ntto the ro%&em. It $s des!r$t$on o0 the trends h$!h "re re/e"&ed 0rom the$n0orm"t$on !o&&e!ted.

3+


39/52


1. a E'$&ain the ter( “4ariab&es” as it is used in resear%h. 2 (ars

Anser4

M"r$"%&es "re those 0"!tor ent$t$es or (ro)s on h$!h " rese"r!her "nts to'nd $n0orm"t$on "%o)t.

b For(u&ate a h#$othesis on :E of the fo&&owing*- Sugar $rodu%tion and rainfa&&

- "ouris( and high $ri%es. 2 (ars

Anser4

- The $n!re"sed rod)!t$on o0 S)("r $n the C"r$%%e"n $s d$re!t& roort$on"&to the "mo)nt o0 r"$n0"&& $n the re($on.

- An $n!re"se $n To)r$sm &e"ds to the $n!re"se $n r$!es $n C"r$%%e"nterr$tor$es.

16. ou are in4ited to resear%h gender issues in the wor$&a%e in #our %ountr#. For(u&ate "D 3uestions

that #ou wou&d use in an inter4iew. 6 (ars

Answer*"4 Sho)&d m"&es "nd 0em"&es h"/e d$erent ro&es $n the or:&"!e%4 ?o do o) 0ee& or:$n( "&on(s$de m"&es0em"&es!4 Do o) "(ree th"t m"&es sho)&d %e "$d more th"n 0em"&es

15. a State brief "D ad4antages of using sur4e#s in resear%h. 2 (ars

S)r/es "re e;treme& /"&$d %e!")se the d"t" $s !o&&e!ted 0rom " &"r(e

!ross se!t$on o0 the o)&"t$on "nd not 6)st " 0e $nd$/$d)"&s. The rese"r!h !"n %e e"s$& re&$!"%&e % "nother rese"r!her.


40/52


m"ter$"&. For e;"m&e# o)r &"n()"(es En(&$sh# Fren!h# Creo&e4 or o)r"r!h$te!t)re ho)ses4.

% @es%ribe "D wa#s in whi%h 8astafarianis( has had an i($a%t on %u&tures outside ofthe Caribbean region. 6 (ars

Anser4

1. R"st"0"r$"n !)&t)res "re h$(h& m"n$0ested $n Re(("e m)s$!. 7"nC"r$%%e"n n"t$on"& %r$n( Re(("e m)s$! "&& o/er the or&d "nd eo&e(r"/$t"te to"rds the mess"(es. Re(("e $s "&so $n!oror"ted $n m"n m)s$!(enres s)!h "s h$-ho# ro!: et!.

2. R"st"0"r$"n 0"sh$ons "re $desre"d "ro)nd the or&d "s eo&e (r"/$t"teto the$r !o&o)rs "nd the$r m"n s$(n$'!"nt sm%o&s. C"r$%%e"n 0"sh$on

$nd)str$es h"/e "doted R"st"0"r$"n !)&t)res $nto the$r &$ne o0 !&oth$n( "ndthese "re so&d "&& o/er the or&d.

2 a E'$&ain what is (eant b# “so%ia& stratifi%ation”. 2 (ars

Anser4

?"r"&"m%os "nd ?o&%orn ?@@4 de'ne so!$"& str"t$'!"t$on "s “the resen!eo0 d$st$n!t so!$"& (ro)s h$!h "re r"n:ed one "%o/e the other $n terms o0 0"!tors s)!h "s rest$(e "nd e"&th”. So!$"& str"t$'!"t$on $s there0orestr)!t)red so!$"& $ne)"&$t.

b E'$&ain "D wa#s in whi%h edu%ation inf&uen%es so%ia& stratifi%ation. 6 (ars

Anser4SEE SECTION A CAPE ?@@ 5!e"atie a$)e*t$ # e&+*ati#!6

a E'$&ain the (eaning of “%u&tura& $&ura&is(” in the %onte't of Caribbean so%ieties.

2 (ars

Anser4

C)&t)r"& &)r"&$sm $s the !$r!)mst"n!es o0 h"/$n( more th"n one !)&t)r"&"ttern $th$n " ($/en so!$et %)t these !)&t)res do not m$n(&e $th e"!hother. It $s e/$dent th"t the C"r$%%e"n $s " re($on o0 “!)&t)r"& &)r"&$sm” "sthere "re m"n !)&t)r"& "ttern 0ostered % o)r h$stor o0 s&"/er "nd

Indent)resh$. G&o%"&$8"t$on $s "&so "nother 0"!tor th"t !")ses m)!h $n!re"se$n d$erent !)&t)r"& "tterns $n the re($on.

b @es%ribe :E negati4e and :E $ositi4e i($a%t of e(igration on Caribbean %ountries. 2 (ars

Anser4

P#$itie I%)a*t$3 Unem&oment $s &oered# rem$tt"n!es sent %em$(r"nts %oosted 0ore$(n e;!h"n(e# &ess ress)re on &$m$ted so!$"& ser/$!e"nd reso)r!es

=,


41/52


Ne"atie I%)a*t$3 Br"$n Dr"$n# (o/ernment h"s to send "dd$t$on"& moneto re&"!e s:$&&ed ro0ess$on"&s et!.

6 a E'$&ain what is (eant b# “)ndentureshi$” in the %onte't of the Caribbean e'$erien%e.2 (ars

Anser4Indent)resh$ "s " sstem o0 &"%o)r# here eo&e 0rom "&& o/er the or&dth"t $n!&)des As$"# A0r$!" "nd E)roe4 tr"/e&ed to the C"r$%%e"n to '&& the(" &e0t % the A0r$!"n s&"/es on the &"nt"t$ons "0ter em"n!$"t$on $n 1+3+.

b State "D wa#s in whi%h )ndentureshi$ differed fro( s&a4er# in the Caribbean.6 (ars

Anser4

"4 Indent)resh$ "s " "(e-e"rn sstem "s oosed to s&"/er here the&"nters re!e$/e 0ree &"%o)r

%4 Indent)res h"d 0reedom o0 mo/ement# re&$($o)s 0reedom!4 Indent)resh$ "s " !ontr"!t sstem# here Indent)res on& h"d to or:

"!!ord$n( to.

5 a )dentif# "D wa#s in whi%h (usi% festi4a&s staged b# Caribbean nationa&s in the 7nited Gingdo(8 :orth A(eri%a inf&uen%e the %u&ture of E)"HE8 so%iet#. 6 (ars

Anser4

1. The &o/e o0 C"r$%%e"n m)s$! $n>)en!es these n"t$ons to $n!oror"teC"r$%%e"n m)s$! $n the$r (enres o0 m)s$!. For e;"m&e# Re(("e $s seen $n?$-?o# Po m)s$!# ro!:s et!. ?en!e there $s " sstem o0 d$s!o/er "nd$nno/"t$on o0 !)&t)r"& "tterns.

2. En!)&t)r"t$on o!!)rs "s d$erent eo&e st"rts to $nter"!t "s these 0est$/"&st"($n(s.

b i )dentif# :E %u&tura& $ra%ti%e that is gradua& being erased in the Caribbean.

1 (ar

Anser*

C)&t)r"& r"!t$!es th"t "re %e$n( er"sed $n the C"r$%%e"n "re

ii Suggest :E reason wh# the $ra%ti%e identified in b i abo4e is being erased.

1 (ars

Anser4

The (&o%"&$8"t$on o0 eo&e As tr"/e&&$n( %e!ome &ess e;ens$/e eo&est"rts to e;&ore d$erent "re"s "nd %r$n( $th them the$r d$erent !)&t)res.Peo&e $n the re($on 0or e;"m&e &o/e to $m$t"te to)r$sts.

Tot$# 30 m$rs

,*./E 2 - ISS.ES I+ CARIBBEA+ E?E/*,E+T

=1


42/52


a )dentif# "D indi%ators of de4e&o$(ent. 2 (ars

Anser4

- The e!onom$! $nd$!"tors $n!&)de GDP# GNP# $nd)str$"&$8"t$on# )r!h"s$n(oer# em&oment &e/e 0ore$(n de%t# &e/e& o0 0ore$(n re!e$ts et!.

- Non- e!onom$! $nd$!"tors $n!&)de &$0e e;e!t"n!# &e/e&s o0 ed)!"t$on#

rod)!t$/$t# r"t$o o0 do!tors to o)&"t$on# )r%"n$8"t$on r"te et!.

!4 i /rief e'$&ain how te%hno&ogi%a& fa%tors %an inf&uen%e de4e&o$(ent. 2 (arsAnser4

Te!hno&o( "d/"n!ement $s one o0 the m"$n me"ns o0 de/e&oment $n theC"r$%%e"n so!$et. 5$th $n!re"se te!hno&o( there $s the "%$&$t to m"ssrod)!e !ert"$n rod)!ts# there $s the ee!t$/e )se o0 reso)r!es# "nd there $sthe "/"$&"%$&$t o0 %etter (oods "nd ser/$!es. A&& o0 these $m"!ts on the &$/eso0 eo&e % ($/$n( them %etter st"nd"rds o0 &$/$n( th)s !")se de/e&oment.

ii /rief e'$&ain how en4iron(enta& fa%tors %an inf&uen%e de4e&o$(ent. 2 (arsAnser4

The en/$ronment"& o&$!$es th"t " !o)ntr "dots $nd$!"te the &e/e& o0 de/e&oment th"t h"s o!!)rred $n " !o)ntr. The en/$ronment"& ""renesso0 " o)&"t$on !"n "&so %e )sed to "ssess the &e/e& o0 de/e&oment th"t h"st":en &"!e $n " !o)ntr. N"t)r"& d$s"sters# the )se o0 &"nds "nd the )se o0 the n"t)r"& reso)r!es determ$ne ho m)!h mone $s )sed to de/e&o "re"so0 so!$et.

> 7sing e'a($&es, des%ribe "D effe%ts that ina$$ro$riate &and use in agri%u&tura& has had on

de4e&o$(ent in the region. (ars

Anser4

"4 7ono!ro$n( $s %"d 0or %oth the &"nd "nd the e!onom. The &"nt$n( o0 one !ro "nd the re&"nt$n( o0 th"t !ro !onst"nt& $n the s"me "re" &e"ds tothe de&et$on o0 "rt$!)&"r n)tr$ents $n the so$& &e"d$n( to $n0ert$&$t.F)rthermore $0 someth$n( sho)&d h"en to the m"r:et$n( o0 th"t !ro $t !"nred)!e the st"nd"rd o0 &$/$n( o0 eo&e ho deends on $t.

%4


43/52


Anser4

Or"a!i/ati#!$ $n!&)de 5T


44/52


Ind)str$"&$8"t$on % $n/$t"t$on "&&os m"n $n/estors to " "ttent$on to there($on. It there0ore ro/$des em&oment 0or eo&e o0 the re($on "s these$n/estors $n/est $n the (roth "nd de/e&oment o0 $nd)str$es.

b @es%ribe "D wa#s in whi%h the (ass (edia has %ontributed to de4e&o$(ent in the region. 6

(arsAnser4

"4 The m"ss med$" te"!hes !ert"$n !)&t)res th"t "re en0or!ed % so!$et"nd there0ore $t ($/es "n $dent$t to the C"r$%%e"n eo&e.%4 There $s the ro/$s$on o0 /$t"& $n0orm"t$on th"t !"n he& romote !h"n(es$n the C"r$%%e"n eo&e. The Pro/$s$on o0 $n0orm"t$on "%o)t $nst$t)t$ons#e/ents# trends "nd !h"n(es $n d$erent !o)ntr$es $n the re($on "nd the(&o%"& !omm)n$t he&s $th the de/e&oment o0 eo&e. It there0ore !")see!onom$! de/e&oment "s e&&.

Tot$# 30 m$rs

11 a State "D 4ariab&es in the fo&&owing resear%h $rob&e(.

“)s the in4o&4e(ent of Caribbean wo(en in %ri%et, in ter(s of regu&ar $ra%ti%e and $&a#ing ti(e,re&ated to fa(i ob&igationB” 2 (ars

A!$0er3

"4 In/o&/ement o0 C"r$%%e"n omen $n !r$!:et%4 Re&"ted to F"m$& o%&$("t$ons

b E'$&ain :E wa# in whi%h h#$othesis differs fro( a $rob&e( state(ent. 2 (ars

Anser4

The hothes$s $s " theor "s $s there0ore h"t the rese"r!her "$ms or hoesto ro/e % the end o0 h$s rese"r!h# h$&e the ro%&em st"tement $s the $ss)eth"t $s (o$n( to %e rese"r!hed.

12 a ou are re3uired to %arr# out resear%h into the ga(es $&a#ed b# %hi&dren in #our %ountr# o4er se4ent#-fi4e #ears ago.

:a(e "D 4a&id sour%es of infor(ation for this resear%h. 2 (ars

Anser4

The )se o0 the Internet re/$e o0 &$ter"t)res# "st rese"r!hes4# %oo:s "%o)tthe "st

b State "D data %o&&e%tion (ethods that (a# be used for the resear%h identified abo4e. 2 (ars

Anser4

The )se o0 the s)r/e# ese!$"&& $nter/$es the e/"&)"t$on )se o0 Se!ond"r so)r!es

1 "he +inistr# of Hea&th has in4estigated for use of drugs a(ong #oung $ersons between the ages of

thirteen and eighteen.

==


45/52


a State "D for(ats in whi%h the data %o&&e%ted (a# be $resented. 2 (ars

Anser4

- The )se o0 !h"rts- The )se o0 see!hes

b ;ist "D to$i% areas that shou&d be in%&uded in the %on%&usion of a stud#. 2 (ars

Anser4

16 A resear%her wishes to in4estigate the se&&ing of drugs b# teenage students at @ru(bago Co&&ege.

/rief des%ribe "D ethi%a& $ra%ti%es that (ust be %onsidered in %ondu%ting the resear%h. 6 (ars

Anser4

a The (ett$n( o0 !onsents 0rom the eo&e $n/o&/ed $n the st)db The $n0orm"t$on $n the rese"r!h m" %e resented to others %)t there m)st

%e " de(ree o0 !on'dent$"&$t- $s the r$/"! o0 eo&e m"$nt"$ned% The h"rms th"t m" %e %ro)(ht )on the resondents.

15 i4e "D reasons wh# it is ne%essar# for a resear%her to %ondu%t a re4iew of &iterature.

6 (ars

Anser4

1. It ro/$des %"!:(ro)nd $n0orm"t$on 0or the to$! %e$n( rese"r!hed2. ?$(h&$(hts de/e&oments $n the rese"r!h "re"3. ?$(h&$(hts ("s $n the rese"r!h ro!ess $n re&"t$on to the to$!.

Tot$# 20 m$rs

CAE 2005,*./E CARIBBEA+ S*CIET1 A+ C./T.RE

1. a i )dentif# the geogra$hi%a& sub-region to whi%h St. ;u%ia, renada and Antigua be&ong. 1 (ar

Anser4

The (eo(r"h$!"& s)%-re($on $s !"&&ed the 9esser Ant$&&es.

ii :a(e the %hain of is&ands in the Caribbean whi%h is &o%ated entire in the At&anti%

%ean. 1 (ar

Anser4

The !h"$n o0 $s&"nds $n the At&"nt$!

=


46/52


$ts &"nds "nd reso)r!es $nto e!onom$!"& )n$ts. The re($on h"d seen the %$rtho0 the en!om$end" sstem# the ro&on($n( o0 &"nt"t$ons s&"/er# m"ss$/e"nd Indent)resh$ h$!h h"s s$(n$'!"nt sh"ed $ts so!$"& "tterns tod".

ii )dentif# "D of the boundaries of the “geo&ogi%a&” Caribbean. 2 (ars

Anser4Bo)nd"r$es o0 the “(eo&o($!"&” C"r$%%e"n $n!&)de the At&"nt$!

Anser4

"4 For some eo&e# the re0er to !)&t)re "s "n "re!$"t$on o0 &$ter"t)res#m)s$! "rts# 0ood "nd other n"t)r"& "nd m"n-m"de th$n(s. ?en!e hen some&oo: "t !)&t)re the &oo: "t $ts m"n$0ested $n so!$et.

%4


47/52


ree''i#!$# there "s %arr#!a"e# there "s Ri#t$ "s $n the 7or"nt B"Re%e&&$on# "nd there "s the r$se $n Garei$% a!& Ra$taaria!i$%.

b E'$&ain :E wa# in whi%h re&igion has i($a%ted on Caribbean $eo$&e. 2 (ars

Anser4

It sh"ed the " eo&e &oo: "t or re&"te to e"!h other# % the te"!h$n( o0 &"s# /"&)es "nd %e&$e0s 0rom the %$%&e or other re&$($o)s s!r$t)res.

It "!ts "s " )n$0$n( 0or!e $n so!$et

It $s " !onser/"t$/e 0or!e th"t %r$n(s "!ross so!$"& !h"n(es $n the C"r$%%e"n

so!$et Ne("t$/e&# some "r()e th"t re&$($on $s 0)&& o0 !on>$!ts "s re&$($o)s (ro)s

d$ers 0rom e"!h other h$!h !")ses d$s!r$m$n"t$on "nd tens$on.

5. a @es%ribe "D wa#s in whi%h the Cuban residents in the 7nited States i($a%t on A(eri%an $o&iti%s. 6 (ars

Anser41.


48/52


1. The e!onom$! $nd$!"tors $n!&)de GDP# GNP# $nd)str$"&$8"t$on# )r!h"s$n(oer# em&oment &e/e 0ore$(n de%t# &e/e& o0 0ore$(n re!e$ts et!.

2. Non- e!onom$! $nd$!"tors $n!&)de &$0e e;e!t"n!# &e/e&s o0 ed)!"t$on#rod)!t$/$t# r"t$o o0 do!tors to o)&"t$on# )r%"n$8"t$on r"te et!.

b )dentif# "D fa%tors that inf&uen%e de4e&o$(ent. 2 (arsAnser4

. Te!hno&o($!"& "d/"n!ement?. Po&$t$!"& $deo&o($es- es. o&$t$!"& st"%$&$t. The d$str$%)t$on o0 e"&th

>. a i E'$&ain the ter( “g&oba&iation”. 2 (ars

Anser4

G'#a'i/ati#! re0ers to the emer(en!e $n the tent$eth !ent)r# o0 " (&o%"&!omm)n$t# here% !)&t)r" e!onom$!# en/$ronment "nd o&$t$!"& e/ents

o!!)rr$n( $n !omm)n$t$es $n one "rt o0 the or&d h"s )$!:& !ome to %es$(n$'!"nt to eo&e $n other so!$et$es.

ii )dentif# :E internationa& organiation that fa%i&itates g&oba&iation. 1 (ars

Anser4

"4 I7F- Intern"t$on"& 7onet"r F)nd%4 The or&d %"n:!4 5?


49/52


The C"r$%%e"n To)r$sm


50/52


- So!$"& $n6)st$!e $s m"n$0ested $n the )ne)"& d$str$%)t$on o0 e"&th h$!h$dens the (" %eteen the r$!h "nd oor. In!re"se $n th$s (" "e!tsde/e&oment o0 " !o)ntr.

% )dentif# "D for(s of dis%ri(ination that (a# &ead to so%ia& in=usti%e. 2 (ars

Anser4"4 Gender d$s!r$m$n"t$on $ne)"&$t%4 R"!$"& d$s!r$m$n"t$on!4 D$s!r$m$n"t$on "("$nst m$nor$t $n so!$et e.(. A$ds M$!t$ms# R"st"0"r$"ns#

$nd$(eno)s eo&e# the d$s"%&ed# the e&der&Tot$# 30 m$rs

,*./E 3- I+?ESTI>ATI+> H.,A+ A+ S*CIA/ E?E/*,E+T I+ THE

CARIBBEA+

11. a i State wh# the fo&&owing state(ent (a# be %&assified as a h#$othesis.“"he $re4a&en%e of s(oing has in%reased a(ong Caribbean gir&s in the $ast de%ade.” 1 (ar

Anser4

Th$s !"n %e !&"ss$'ed "s " hothes$s %e!")se $t $s "n "ss)mt$on. Anhothes$s $s " red$!t$on o0 the o)t!ome o0 " rese"r!h .

ii 7se the h#$othesis abo4e to for(u&ate a $rob&e( state(ent. 2 (ars

Anser4

?"s the re/"&en!e o0 smo:$n( $n!re"sed $n C"r$%%e"n ($r&s $n the "stde!"de

b i4e :E reason wh# a $erson (a# want to resear%h the h#$othesis abo4e. 1 (ars

Anser4

a Smo:$n( h"s "&"s %een &$n:ed to men "nd so $t m" %e $nterest$n( to:no th"t omen "re %e!om$n( re/"&ent smo:ers h$!h !"n %e &$n:ed tothe !h"n($n( ro&es o0 omen $n so!$et%4 Smo:$n( $s " r)de r"!t$!e "nd so $t $s $mort"nt to :no# here "nd $thhom smo:$n( h"s $n!re"sed $t $s 0rom th"t ro!ed)res !"n %e m"de to sto$t.

12. a State, in se3uen%e, "D stages in %ondu%ting resear%h. 2 (ars

Anser4St"tement o0 Pro%&ems----Cre"te hothes$s-----


51/52


The %est " $s the )se o0 s)r/es--- ese!$"&& )est$onn"$res

ii )dentif# a suitab&e for(at that #ou wou&d use for the $resentation of the data.

1 (ar

Anser4

The %est " $s % the )se o0 (r"hs "nd t"%&es

1. a State "D %onsiderations that shou&d be in%&uded in the

caribbean studies finished product (1)

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