caricom regional standard - · pdf filethe regional technical subcommittee responsible for the...
TRANSCRIPT
CARICOM REGIONAL STANDARD
SPECIFICATION FOR CEMENT
CRS 54:20xx
CARICOM Regional Organisation for Standards and Quality, CROSQ 2ND Floor Nicholas House 29 & 30 Broad Street Bridgetown, St Michael Barbados Telephone: 246-622-7677 Fax: 246-622-6778 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.crosq.org
CRS 54 :20xx
i
CRS/FDCS 54: 20xx © CROSQ – All rights reserved. No part of this publication is to be reproduced without the prior written consent of CROSQ.
AMENDMENTS ISSUED SINCE PUBLICATION
AMENDMENT NO. DATE OF ISSUE TEXT AFFECTED
CRS 54 :20xx
ii
ATTACHMENT PAGE FOR CRS AMENDMENT SHEETS
CRS 54 :20xx
iii
Committee
The Regional Technical Sub-Committee responsible for the formulation of this CARICOM Regional Standard is as follows:
Members Representing
Dr Liebert Grierson (Chairperson) University of the West Indies, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, Department of Chemistry
Mr Suresh Ramdhanie Caribbean Industrial Research Institute
Mr Sanish Maharaj Readymix (WI) Ltd
Mr Wayne Benjamin Trinidad Cement Ltd
Mr Harriram Jairam Eternoc Ltd
Mr Nari Boris Ministry of Legal Affairs, Consumer Affairs Division
Mr Victor Sooknarine Harricrete Ltd
Mr Kester Siewlal Trinidad and Tobago Bureau of Standard, Laboratory Services Division
Mr Darryl Thomson (Technical Secretary) Trinidad and Tobago Bureau of Standards, Standardization Division
CRS 54 :20xx
iv
Contents
Foreword ....................................................................................................................................................................... v
1 Scope ...............................................................................................................................................................1
2 Normative references .......................................................................................................................................2 3 Terms and definitions .......................................................................................................................................3
4 Cement designation .........................................................................................................................................4
5 Cement composition ........................................................................................................................................4
6 Chemical properties .........................................................................................................................................8
7 Mechanical and physical properties .............................................................................................................. 10
8 Labelling ........................................................................................................................................................ 13 9 Packaging ..................................................................................................................................................... 13
10 Certificates of conformity............................................................................................................................... 14
11 Compliance ................................................................................................................................................... 14
Annex A (normative) Determination of constituent proportion .................................................................................. 15
Tables
Table 1 — Cement types and composition ............................................................................................. 6
Table 2 — Chemical requirements for CRS cement types ..................................................................... 9
Table 3 — Chemical requirements for CEM cement types ................................................................... 10
Table 4 — Mechanical and physical requirements for CRS cements .................................................. 11
Table 5 — Mechanical and physical properties for CEM cement types ............................................... 12
CRS 54 :20xx
v
Foreword
The CARICOM Regional Organisation for Standards and Quality has recommended that this standard be implemented with mandatory effect in order to protect the consumer or user against danger to health or safety.
This regional standard is intended for use by manufacturers, importers and distributors of cement. It is also intended to provide engineers and other users with the expected performance requirements of cements covered by this standard.
This standard was based on the Barbados Standard BNS 69:2005 and was amended to reflect issues and concerns raised by the Member States of the Caribbean Community. The standard is based mainly on ASTM C150, Standard Specification for Portland Cement, ASTM C595 Standard Specification for blended hydraulic cements and EN 197-1 Cement – Part 1: Composition, specifications and conformity criteria for common cements. Due to differing cement standards in use within the region, this standard adopts an approach that would address cements conforming to ASTM C150, ASTM C595 and EN 197-1 requirements.
This standard specifies requirements for eleven types of cement derived from standards from United States and European Union; these cement types, which are not exhaustive, are considered to be the most widely used hydraulic cement types used by the construction industry within the Caribbean region.
In formulating this standard considerable assistance was derived from the following standards:
ASTM C595, Standard Specification for blended hydraulic cements;
ASTM C1157, Standard performance specification for hydraulic cements; and
EN 197-1, Cement – Part 1: Composition, specifications and conformity criteria for common cements.
CRS 54 :20xx
1
1 Scope
This standard specifies requirements for hydraulic cements used primarily in the construction industry. It in0cludes requirements for the classification, composition, chemical properties, mechanical properties, sampling, testing, packaging and labelling of certain types of cement.
NOTE This standard adopts a dual classification system, with requirements for:
• CRS cement types – based on requirements of the ASTM C150 and ASTM C595 standards; and
• CEM cement types - based on requirements of the EN 197-1 standard.
CRS and CEM cement types have common requirements for composition, packaging and labelling with differing requirements for mechanical and chemical properties.
This standard applies to ordinary Portland and blended cements of the following types:
a) CRS cement types:
CRS 1, Ordinary Portland cement,
CRS 2, Rapid-hardening Portland cement,
CRS 3, Blended hydraulic cement,
CRS 4, Composite cement,
CRS 5, Pozzolan cement, and
CRS 6, Blastfurnace slag cement.
b) CEM cement types:
CEM I, Portland cement and rapid hardening,
CEM II, Portland-composite cement,
CEM III, Blastfurnace cement,
CEM IV Pozzolanic cement, and
CEM V Composite cement.
CRS 54 :20xx
2
2 Normative references
The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this standard. For all undated references, the latest edition of the normative documents apply.
ASTM C 109/C 109M, Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or [50mm] Cube Specimens)
ASTM C 114B, Standard Test Method for Chemical Analysis of Hydraulic Cement
ASTM C 150, Standard Specification for Portland Cement
ASTM C 151, Standard Test Method for Autoclave Expansion of Portland Cement
ASTMC 183, Standard Practice for Sampling and the Amount of Testing of Hydraulic Cement
ASTM C185, Standard Test Method for Air Content of Hydraulic Cement Mortar
ASTM C191, Standard Test Method for Time of Setting of Hydraulic Cement by Vicat Needle
ASTM C204, Standard Test Method for Fineness of Hydraulic Cement by Air Permeability Apparatus
ASTM 1038, Standard Test Method for Expansion of Hydraulic Cement Mortar Bars Stored in Water
CRS 55, Labelling of goods – General principles
EN 196-1, Methods of testing cement – Part 1: Determination of strength
EN 196-2, Methods of testing cement – Part 2: Chemical analysis of cement
EN 196-3, Methods of testing cement – Part 3: Determination of setting time and soundness
EN 196-5, Methods of testing cement – Part 5: Determination of fineness
EN 196-7, Methods of testing cement – Part 7: Method of taking and preparing samples of cement
EN 196-21, Methods of testing cement – Part 21: Determination of the chloride, carbon dioxide and alkali content of cement
EN 197-1, Cement – Part 1: Composition, specifications and conformity criteria for common cements
EN 197-2, Methods of testing cement – Part 1: Determination of strength
ISO 2951, Sampling procedures for inspection by attributes -- Part 1: Sampling schemes indexed by acceptance quality limit (AQL) for lot-by-lot inspection
CRS 54 :20xx
3
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this standard, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 cement hydraulic binder that when appropriately batched and mixed with aggregate and water, is capable of producing concrete or mortar which retains its workability for a sufficient time and after defined periods attains specified strength levels
3.2 filler inert, natural or artificial inorganic materials (other than blastfurnace slag, natural pozzolana or pulverized-fuel ash), which improve the physical properties of the cement (such as increasing workability and reducing concrete bleeding)
3.3 fly ash material obtained by electrostatic or mechanical precipitation of dust-like particles from the flue gases emanating from furnaces fired with pulverized coal
3.4 granulated blastfurnace slag slag formed by the rapid cooling of a slag melt of suitable composition obtained by the smelting of iron ore in a blastfurnace
3.5 hydraulic cement finely ground inorganic material which, when mixed with water, forms a paste which sets and hardens by means of hydration reactions and processes and which after hardening, retains its strength and stability
3.6 main constituent specially selected inorganic material in a proportion exceeding 5% by mass related to the sum of all constituents
3.7 minor constituent specially selected inorganic material used in a proportion not exceeding 5 % by mass related to the sum of all main constituents
3.8 National Competent Authority state agency or institution with responsibility for market surveillance of construction products
3.9 Portland cement clinker clinker which is made by sintering a specific mixture of raw materials containing elements usually expressed as oxides (CaO, SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3) and small quantities of other materials
CRS 54 :20xx
4
3.10 pozzolan pozzolanic materials siliceous material or a mixture of siliceous and aluminous materials, which itself possesses little or no cementitious properties but will, in finely divided form and in the presence of moisture, chemically react with calcium hydroxide at ordinary temperatures to form compounds possessing cementitious properties 3.11 sampling plan specific plan which states the sample size to be used, the percentage and the allowable probability of acceptance
3.12 vendor seller including the manufacturer, distributor or importer
4 Cement designation
For the purposes of this standard, cement shall be classified in accordance with Table 1 as either:
CRS cement type; or
CEM cement type.
5 Cement composition
5.1 General
Cement shall consist of main constituents, minor constituents, calcium sulphate and additives as specified in 5.2 to 5.5.
Cement types shall meet the relevant requirements for composition as outlined in Table 1.
5.2 Main constituents
5.2.1 Main constituent composition
5.2.1.1 The main constituent(s) of the cement shall comprise:
a) Portland cement clinker only; or
b) Portland cement clinker together with one or more of the following materials:
granulated blastfurnace slag;
pozzolanic material;
limestone; and
CRS 54 :20xx
5
fly ash.
5.2.1.2 Each main constituent used shall be present in a quantity greater than 5% by mass of the final cement. The main constituents shall be in the proportions specified in Table 1 and shall cumulatively comprise no less than 95% of the mass of the final cement.
NOTE For the purposes of this standard, final cement refers to the total quantity of main constituents plus the quantity of minor constituents and excludes calcium sulphate and filler.
CRS 54 :20xx
6
Table 1 — Cement types and composition
Cement type and
description
Reference standard
and equivalent
cement type
Main constituents (%) Minor constituents
(%) Clinker Blastfurnace slag
Pozzolanic material
Fly ash Limestone
CRS 1, Ordinary Portland cement
ASTM C150 (Type I) 95 - 100 Not
applicable
Not applicable
Not applicable
Not applicable 0 - 5
CRS 2, Rapid hardening Portland cement
ASTM C150 (Type III)
95 - 100
Not applicable
Not applicable
Not applicable
Not applicable 0 - 5
CRS 3, Blended hydraulic cementa
ASTM C595 (Types IP, IS, IT or IL) 65 – 94 6 – 35 of any one main constituent 0 – 5
CRS 4, Composite cementb
ASTM C595 (Type IT) 65 – 94 6 – 35 of more than one main constituent 0 – 5
CRS 5, Pozzolan cement
ASTM C595 (Type IP)
45 – 89 Not
applicable
11-55 of more than one main
constituent
Not applicable
Not applicable 0 - 5
CRS 6, Blastfurnace slag cement
ASTM C595 (Type IS) 20 - 64
36 – 80 Not applicable
Not applicable
Not applicable 0 - 5
CEM I, Portland cement
EN 197-1
CEM I 95 - 100
Not applicable
Not applicable
Not applicable
Not applicable 0 - 5
CEM II, Portland composite cement
EN 197-1 (CEM II)
64 - 94 6 – 35 of any one main constituent 0 - 5
CEM III, Blast furnace slag
EN 197-1 (CEM III) 20 - 64 36 – 80 - - - 0 - 5
CEM IV, EN 197-1 45 – 89 - 11 – 55 - 0 - 5 0 – 5
CRS 54 :20xx
7
Cement type and
description
Reference standard
and equivalent
cement type
Main constituents (%) Minor constituents
(%) Clinker Blastfurnace slag
Pozzolanic material
Fly ash Limestone
Pozzolanic cement
(CEM IV)
CEM V, Composite cement
EN 197-1 (CEM V) 20 - 64 18 – 50 18 – 50 - 0 - 5
NOTE 1 CRS 1, Ordinary Portland Cement and CRS 2 Rapid Hardening have the same main constituent composition.
NOTE 2 The early strength properties of CRS 2, Rapid Hardening cement is achieved via the addition of Calcium Sulphate which controls cement setting time and which is specified in 5.1.
a CRS 3, Blended hydraulic cement shall consist of Portland cement clinker and any one of the main constituents. A ternary blended hydraulic cement may consist of any of the following combinations
a combination of two pozzolans,
slag cement and a pozzolan,
a pozzolan and a limestone, or
slag cement and a limestone
b Composite cement shall consist of Portland cement clinker and more than one of the main constituents.
5.2.2 Portland cement clinker
Portland cement clinker shall consist of at least two-thirds by mass of calcium silicates. The remaining one third shall consist of aluminum and iron containing clinker phases and other compounds. The content of magnesium oxide shall not exceed 5.0% by mass.
5.2.3 Limestone
The calcium carbonate content of the limestone calculated from the calcium oxide shall be at least 70% by mass.
5.3 Minor constituents
Minor constituents shall consist of one or more of the following materials provided that they are not included as main constituents in the cement:
CRS 54 :20xx
8
- granulated blastfurnace slag;
- pozzolanic materials;
- pulverized-fuel ash (fly ash); and
- filler.
The minor constituents shall cumulatively comprise no more than 5% of the mass of the final cement.
5.4 Calcium sulphate
Calcium sulphate shall be gypsum (CaSO4∙2H2O), hemihydrate (CaSO4∙1/2H2O), or anhydrite (CaSO4) or any mixture of these.
NOTE Calcium sulphate is added to the other main constituents of cement during the manufacturing process to control setting time.
5.5 Additives
Additives are constituents not covered in 5.2, 5.3 and 5.4 that are added to improve the manufacture or the properties of the cement. The total quantity of the additives shall not exceed 1.0% by mass of the final cement.
6 Chemical properties
The chemical properties of cement shall conform to the requirements and relevant test method(s) in
• Table 2 for CRS cement types; and • Table 3 for CEM cement types.
CRS 54 :20xx
9
Table 2 — Chemical requirements for CRS cement types
Property
Maximum %
Test method Cement type
CRS 1
Ordinary Portland cement
CRS 2
Rapid hardening Portland cement
CRS 3
Blended hydraulic cement
CRS 4
Composite cement
CRS 5 Pozzolana
cement
CRS 6
Blastfurnace slag cement
Magnesium oxide (MgO)
ASTM C 114, Method B 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0
Sulphur trioxide (SO3 )a
where C3A ≤ 8%
ASTM C 114, Method B 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.0 4.0 3.0
Sulphur trioxide (SO3 ) a
where C3A > 8%
ASTM C 114, Method B 3.5 4.5 4.0 4.0 4.0 3.0
Loss on ignition
ASTM C 114, Method B 3.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 5.0 5.0
Insoluble residueb
ASTM C 114, Method B 0.8 0.8 Not
specified Not
specified
1.0 Not
specified
Tricalcium aluminate (C3A) b
ASTM C 114, Method B Not
specified 15 Not specified
Not specified
Not specified
Not specified
a An increase of 5% in the maximum sulphur trioxide limits specified in Table 2 may be allowed, provided that:
a) the physical requirements in Clause 7 are satisfied,
b) expansion ≤ 0.020 % when tested at 14 days in accordance with ASTM C 1038, and
c) the vendor can show by historical evidence that this increased level of SO3 is required for optimum cement performance.
b Where properties are not specified for certain cement types, the values are left to the vendor’s discretion. These cement types shall however still conform to the relevant mechanical and physical requirements set out in Clause 7.
CRS 54 :20xx
10
Table 3 — Chemical requirements for CEM cement types
Property
maximum %
Test method
Strength class Cement type CEM I
CEM II
CEM III CEM V CEM IV
Sulphur trioxide
maximum %
EN 196-2 32.5 N, 32.5 R, 42.5 N
3.5 3.5 - 3.5 -3.5
42.5 R, 52. 5 N, 52.5 R
4.0 4.0 - 4.0 4.0
Loss on ignition,
maximum %
EN 196-2 All 5.0 - 5.0 - -
Insoluble residue,
maximum %
EN 196-2 All 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0
Chloride content
maximum %
EN 196-21 All 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10
Pozzolanicity EN 196-5 All - - - Satisfies test requirement of
EN 196-5
7 Mechanical and physical properties
7.1 CRS cement types
CRS cement types shall meet the requirements specified in Table 4.
7.2 CEM cement types
7.2.1 CEM cement types shall meet the requirements specified in Table 5.
7.2.2 CEM cement types shall meet one of the following strength classes as specified in Table 5:
class 32.5,
class 42.5 and
class 52.5.
NOTE There is no strength class for CRS cement types.
CRS 54 :20xx
11
Table 4 — Mechanical and physical requirements for CRS cements
Property Test method Cement type CRS 1
Ordinary Portland cement
CRS 2 Rapid Hardening Portland cement
CRS 3 Blended hydraulic cement
CRS 4 Composite
cement
CRS 5 Pozzolan cement
CRS 6 Blastfurnace
slag cement
Air content of mortar
max %
ASTM C 185 12 12 12 12 12 12
Autoclave expansion
min%
ASTM C 151 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8
Autoclave contraction
max%
ASTM C 151, Method B
0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
Fineness
specific surface m2/kg air permeability test , min
ASTM C 204, Method B
280 -
32.5
- - -
Early compressive strength (1-day)a
MPa, min
ASTM C 109M - 12.0 - - - -
Early compressive strength (3-day)
MPa, min
ASTM C 109M 12.0 24.0 13.0 13.0 13.0 13.0
Early compressive strength (7-day)
MPa, min
ASTM C 109M 19.0 - 20.0 20.0 20.0
20.0
Standard compressive strength (28-day)
MPa, min
ASTM C 109M 28.0 - 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0
Time of setting, (initial set) not less than (minutes)
ASTM C 191, Method B
45 45 45 45 45 45
Time of setting, (final set) not more than (minutes)
ASTM C 191 375 375 420 420 420 420
CRS 54 :20xx
12
Property Test method Cement type CRS 1
Ordinary Portland cement
CRS 2 Rapid Hardening Portland cement
CRS 3 Blended hydraulic cement
CRS 4 Composite
cement
CRS 5 Pozzolan cement
CRS 6 Blastfurnace
slag cement
a The 1-day early compressive strength test is indicative of subsequent strength performance.
Table 5 — Mechanical and physical properties for CEM cement types
Strength class
Compressive strength
MPa
Initial setting
time
min
Soundness (expansion)
mm Early strength Standard strength
2 days 7 days 28 days
32.5 N - ≥ 16.0 ≥ 32.5 ≤ 52.5 ≥ 75 ≤ 10
32.5 R ≥ 10.0 -
42.5 N ≥ 10.0 - > 42.5 62.5 ≥ 60
42.5 R ≥ 20.0 -
52.5 N ≥ 20. 0 - > 52.5 - ≥ 45
52.5 R ≥ 30.0 -
Test method
EN 196-1 EN 196-3
N refers to cement types which have ordinary early strength while R refers to cement types which have high early strength.
CRS 54 :20xx
13
8 Labelling
8.1 General labelling requirements
Retail packages of cement shall be labeled in accordance with the requirements of CRS 55, Labelling of goods – General principles and shall include the following information:
a) cement type based on the classification system outlined in Table 1;
b) brand or trade name or trademark,
c) net quantity, stated in kilograms,
d) name and address of the vendor;
e) country of origin; and
f) packing date.
8.2 Safety precaution
Labels shall provide guidance on safety precautions including but not limited to the following:
a) A warning about the release of alkali when cement is mixed with water; and
EXAMPLE “When cement is mixed with water alkali is released”
b) A warning about
1) not allowing dry cement to enter the eyes, mouth and nose, and
2) avoiding skin contact with wet cement.
8.3 Storage information
Bags containing cement shall be labelled with information providing guidance concerning its storage.
EXAMPLE “Cement should be stored clear off the ground and protected by a waterproof structure”.
9 Packaging
9.1 Packaging material
Unless otherwise agreed between the purchaser and the vendor, the cement shall be packed in bags, made of gunny, multi-ply paper, polypropylene or cloth.
CRS 54 :20xx
14
9.2 Minimum mass
Individual bags of cement shall contain at least 98% of the mass stated on the packaging.
For shipments involving multiple bags, the average mass of a sample of bags taken in accordance with ISO 2951 inspection level I, shall have an average mass that is at least the mass stated on the package.
10 Certificates of conformity
The vendor shall ensure that the cement at the time of its delivery conforms to the requirements of this regional standard and shall provide a certificate to this effect to the purchaser or the designated National Competent Authority, upon request.
11 Compliance
11.1 Certification marks
Cement which is packaged in bags containing a product certification mark acceptable to the National Competent Authority shall be deemed to comply with this regional standard, subject to any additional verification processes and procedures required by the National Competent Authority.
11.2 Cements conforming to CRS cement types
A batch of cement which is classified as a CRS cement type shall be sampled in accordance with ASTM C183 and shall satisfy the requirements of Clauses 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 as well as Tables 1, 2 and 4 in order to demonstrate compliance with this regional standard
Alternatively, an independent third party test report from an accredited laboratory subject to any additional verification processes and procedures, shall be acceptable to the National Competent Authority,
11.3 Cements conforming to CEM cement types
A batch of cement which is classified as a CEM cement type shall be sampled in accordance with EN 196-7 and shall satisfy the requirements of Clauses 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 as well as Tables 1, 3 and 5 in order to demonstrate compliance with this regional standard
Alternatively, an independent third party test report from an accredited laboratory subject to any additional verification processes and procedures, shall be acceptable to the National Competent Authority.
CRS 54 :20xx
15
Annex A (normative)
Determination of constituent proportion
A.1 When the ratio of percentages of aluminium oxide to ferric oxide is 0.64 or more, the percentages of tricalcium silicate, dicalcium silicate, and tetracalcium aluminoferrite shall be calculated from the chemical analysis as follows:
With limestone:
Tricalcium silicate (C3S) = (4.071 X %Ca)-[7.600 X %SiO2 + 6.718 X % Al2O3 + 1.430 X % Fe2O3 ]
A.2 When the ratio of percentages of aluminium oxide to ferric oxide is less than 0.64, the percentages of tricalcium silicate, dicalcium silicate, tricalcium silicate and tetracalcium aluminoferrite shall be calculated from the chemical analysis as follows:
(C3S) = (4.071 X %Ca)-[7.600 X %SiO2 + 4.479 X % Al2O3 + 2.859 X % Fe2O3]
Without limestone:
Tricalcium silicate (C3S) = (4.071 X %Ca)-[7.600 X %SiO2 + 4.479 X % Al2O3 + 2.859 X %Fe2O3 )
Dicalcium silicate (C2S) = 2.867 X % SiO2 – 0.7544 X % C3S
Tricalcium aluminate (C3A) – 2.650 X %Al2O3 – 1.692 X %Fe2O3
Tetracalcium aluminoferrite (C4AF) = 3.043 X %Fe2O3