“CARIES – ACTIVITY TEST”

1. INTRODUCTION :- - DENTAL CARIES

- CARIES ACTIVITY

- CARIES SUSCEPTIBILITY

- CARIES ACTIVITY TEST

2. OBJECTIVES:-

3. IDEAL REQUIREMENTS:-

4. METHOD`S OF DETECTION:-- SNYDER TEST

- MICROBIOLOGICAL TEST

- SWAB TEST

- SALIVARY BUFFERING CAPACITY TEST

- SALIVARY REDUCTASE TEST

- ALBAN TEST

5. CONCLUSION:-

PRESENTED BY : Dr Saransh Malot Asst Prof. DarshanDental College and Hospital

Udaupur Rajasthan

INRODUCTION

1. DENTAL CARIES: - Is defined as an infectious, microbiological disease of teeth that results in localized dessolution & destruction of calcified tissue. ( STURDEVANT)

2. CARIES ACTIVITY: - Is measure of the speed of progression of a carious lesion.

3. CARIES SUSCEPTIBILITY: - Refers to inherent tendency of host & target tissue, to be afflicted by carious process.

4. CARIES ACTIVITY TEST: - Measure the degree to which the local environment challenge favours the probability of carious lesion.

OBJECTIVES

1. Motivate & to monitor the effectiveness of education.

2. Identify high risk group.

3. Manage the progress of restorative procedure.

4. To determine the need & extent of personalized preventive

measure.

IDEAL REQUIREMENT

1. Simplicity 2. Rapid result 3. Applicable

4. Reliability 5. Non - invasive 6. Easy to evaluate

7. Validity 8. Inexpensive

METHOD`S OF DETECTION

1. SNYDER TEST

Principle: - measure the ability of salivary microorganism to form oragonic acid from carbohydrate medium.

Procedure:- Glucose agar medium with Bromocresol

green indicator + 0.2cc saliva.

Incubate at 37C

Results:- Green yellow 24hr. marked caries susc. 48hr. definite caries susc.72 hr. limited caries

susc.

Advantage:- 1. Easy to perform 2. Dilution not required

Disadvantage:-1. Time consuming

2. MICROBIOLOGICAL TEST

Procedure:-

2 sample of paraffin stimulated saliva (1ml. each)

Diluted 10 times

Cultivation in media

Rogosa`s Agar medium Mitis Salivarius agar (Lactobacillus) (Strep Mutans)

Incubate at 37 degree

Count the no. of bacteria

Multiply by 10 (Dilution factor)

Results:- S. Mutans Lactobacillus caries susceptibility

>10 lakh >1lakh High

<1 lakh < 1 lakh Less

Advantages:- 1. Easy to perform.2. Useful as screening test.

Disadvantages:-1. Inaccurate 2. Counting is a tedious procedure.

3. SWAB TEST

Principle: - Same as snyder test.

Procedure: - Oral flora is collected by swabbing the buccal surface of teeth with cotton applicator. Incubate at 37C. See change in PH .

Results:- PH 4.1 < 4.1 Marked

4.2 4.4 Definite 4.5 > 4.6 Limited

Advantages:- 1. Saliva collection is not necessary.

Disadvantages:-1. Inaccurate.

4. SALIVARY BUFFER CAPACITY TEST

Principle: - Measure the buffering capacity of saliva.

Procedure:-

1 ml. saliva + HCL acid

PH changes will rise which is depend on buffering capacity of saliva

Results:-PH Rise unto 5 to 7 normal buffering capacity PH Rise up to 4 low B.C high caries

Advantages:- 1. Simple to carry ou

5. SALIVARY REDUCTASE TEST

Principle: - Measure the ability of the reductive enzyme positive in salivary bacteria.

Procedure:-

1ml. saliva + Diazoresorcinol indicator (blue)

Blue color change in other color because liberation of reductase enzyme by the salivary bacteria.

Results:- 1. No change in color in 15 min. No conductive ness

2. Blue to orchid in 15 min. Slight c.

3. Blue to red in 15 min. Moderate

4. Blue to red immediately Highly

5. Blue to colorless Extremely

Advantages:- 1. No inoculation requires2. Quick results

Disadvantages:-1. Results vary with time often food intake.

6. ALBAN TEST: - It is simplified substitute for snyder test.

Procedure:- 1. 60 gm. Snyder test agar + 1 ltr. Water and suspension is

brought to a boil over low flame.

2. When thoroughly melted, the agar is distributed 5 ml./ tube

refrigerator.

3. 2 tube of alban medium are taken from refrigerator and

patient is asked to expectorate a small amount of saliva

directly into tube. The tube are labeled and incubated at

98.6 degree F (37degree) for up to 4 days.

The tube observer daily for:-1. Color change from bluish green to definite yellow.

2. The depth in the medium to which the change has occurred.

Scale of scoring:- 1. No color change zero scale

2. Color change to yellow

in the top ¼ of tube 1+

3. Color change to yellow

in the ½ mark of tube 2+

4. Color change to yellow

in the ¾ mark of tube 3+

5. Total color change to yellow 4+

Advantages:-

1. Simple

2. Low cost

3. Ideal foe education

4. Good for indicating caries in activity

Disadvantages:-

1. More armamentaria required

2. Based on subjective evaluation of a color change that is often

not clear cut.

CONCLUSION

1. Although caries activity test is necessary for motivate & to

monitor the effectiveness of edvcation process.

2. None of the test is highly reliable as indicator of expected

caries increment.

PRESENTED BY : Dr Saransh Malot Asst Prof. DarshanDental College and Hospital

Udaupur Rajasthan