carlos fuentes - wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Carlos Fuentes

Fuentes in 2002

Born Carlos Fuentes MacasNovember 11, 1928Panama City, Panama

Died May 15, 2012 (aged 83)Mexico City, Mexico

Occupation Novelist, writer

Nationality Mexican

Period 19542012

Literarymovement

Latin American Boom

Notable work(s) The Death of ArtemioCruz (1962)Terra Nostra (1975)The Old Gringo (1985)

Spouse(s) Rita Macedo (19591973)Silvia Lemus (19762012,his death)

Children Cecilia Fuentes Macedo(1962)Carlos Fuentes Lemus

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaThis name uses Spanish naming customs; the first or paternal family name is Fuentes and the second ormaternal family name is Macas.

Carlos Fuentes Macas (November 11, 1928 May 15,2012) was a Mexican novelist and essayist. Among his worksare The Death of Artemio Cruz (1962), Aura (1962), TerraNostra (1975), The Old Gringo (1985) and ChristopherUnborn (1987). In his obituary, the New York Timesdescribed him as "one of the most admired writers in theSpanish-speaking world" and an important influence on theLatin American Boom, the "explosion of Latin Americanliterature in the 1960s and '70s",[1] while The Guardiancalled him "Mexico's most celebrated novelist".[2] His manyliterary honors include the Miguel de Cervantes Prize as wellas Mexico's highest award, the Belisario Domnguez Medalof Honor. He was often named as a likely candidate for theNobel Prize in Literature, though he never won.[3]

1 Biography2 Writing3 Political views4 Death5 List of works

5.1 Novels5.2 Short stories5.3 Essays5.4 Theater5.5 Screenplays

6 Awards and recognition7 References8 External links

Fuentes was born in Panama City to Berta Macas and RafaelFuentes, the latter of whom was a Mexican diplomat.[1][4] As

Carlos Fuentes - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlos_Fuentes

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(19731999)Natasha Fuentes Lemus(19742005)

www.carlos-fuentes.net (http://www.carlos-fuentes.net)

the family moved for his father's career, Fuentes spent hischildhood in various Latin American capital cities,[2] anexperience he later described as giving him the ability toview Latin America as a critical outsider.[5] From 1934 to1940, Fuentes' father was posted to the Mexican Embassy inWashington, D.C.,[6] where Carlos attended English-language school, eventually becoming fluent.[2][6] He alsobegan to write during this time, creating his own magazine,which he shared with apartments on his block.[2]

In 1938, Mexico nationalized foreign oil holdings, leading to a national outcry in the U.S. and Fuentes'ostracism by his American classmates; he later pointed to the event as the moment in which he began tounderstand himself as Mexican.[6] In 1940, the Fuentes family was transferred to Santiago, Chile. There Carlosfirst became interested in socialism, which would become one of his lifelong passions, in part through hisinterest in the poetry of Pablo Neruda.[7] He lived in Mexico for the first time at the age of 16, when he went tostudy law at the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) in Mexico City with an eye toward adiplomatic career.[2] During this time, he also began working at the daily newspaper Hoy and writing shortstories.[2]

In 1957, Fuentes was named head of cultural relations at the Secretariat of Foreign Affairs.[6] The followingyear, he published Where the Air Is Clear, which immediately made him a "national celebrity"[6] and allowedhim to leave his diplomatic post to write full-time.[1] In 1959, he moved to Havana in the wake of the CubanRevolution, where he wrote pro-Castro articles and essays.[6] The same year, he married Mexican actress RitaMacedo.[2] Considered "dashingly handsome",[4] Fuentes also had high profile affairs with actresses JeanneMoreau and Jean Seberg, the latter of whom inspired his novel Diana: The Goddess Who Hunts Alone.[6] Hissecond marriage, to journalist Silvia Lemus, lasted until his death.[8]

Fuentes served as Mexico's ambassador to France from 1975 to 1977, resigning in protest of former PresidentGustavo Daz Ordaz's appointment as ambassador to Spain.[1] He also taught at Brown, Princeton, Harvard,Columbia, University of Pennsylvania, Dartmouth, and Cornell.[8][9] His friends included Luis Buuel, WilliamStyron, Friedrich Drrenmatt,[6] and sociologist C. Wright Mills, to whom he dedicated his book The Death ofArtemio Cruz.[10] Once good friends with Nobel-winning Mexican poet Octavio Paz, Fuentes became estrangedfrom him in the 1980s in a disagreement over the Sandinistas, whom Fuentes supported.[1] In 1988, Paz'smagazine Vuelta carried an attack by Enrique Krauze on the legitimacy of Fuentes' Mexican identity, opening afeud between Paz and Fuentes that lasted until Paz's 1998 death.[6]

Fuentes fathered three children. Only one of them survived him: Cecilia Fuentes Macedo, born in 1962.[1] Ason, Carlos Fuentes Lemus, died from complications associated with hemophilia in 1999 at the age of 25. Adaughter, Natasha Fuentes Lemus (born August 31, 1974), died of an apparent drug overdose in Mexico City onAugust 22, 2005, at the age of 30.[11]

Fuentes described himself as a pre-modern writer, using only pens, ink and paper. He asked, "Do words need


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Carlos Fuentes at the Miami BookFair International of 1987

anything else?" Fuentes said that he detested those authors who from thebeginning claim to have a recipe for success. In a speech on his writingprocess, he related that when he began the writing process, he began byasking, "Who am I writing for?"[12]

Fuentes' first novel, Where the Air Is Clear (La regin ms transparente),was an immediate success.[1] The novel is built around the story ofFederico Robles who has abandoned his revolutionary ideals to become apowerful financier but also offers "a kaleidoscopic presentation" ofvignettes of Mexico City, making it as much a "biography of the city" as ofan individual man.[13] The novel was celebrated not only for its prose,

which made heavy use of interior monologue and explorations of the subconscious,[1] but also for its "starkportrait of inequality and moral corruption in modern Mexico".[14]

A year later, he followed with another novel, The Good Conscience (Las Buenas Conciencias), which depictedthe privileged middle classes of a medium-sized town, probably modeled on Guanajuato. Described by acontemporary reviewer as "the classic Marxist novel", it tells the story of a privileged young man whoseimpulses toward social equality are suffocated by his family's materialism.[15]

Fuentes' best-known novel, The Death of Artemio Cruz (La muerte de Artemio Cruz) appeared in 1962 and istoday "widely regarded as a seminal work of modern Spanish American literature".[7] Like many of his works,the novel used rotating narrators, a technique critic Karen Hardy described as demonstrating "the complexitiesof a human or national personality".[6] The novel is heavily influenced by Orson Welles' Citizen Kane, andattempts literary parallels to Welles' techniques, including close-up, cross-cutting, deep focus, and flashback.[7]

Like Kane, the novel begins with the titular protagonist on his deathbed; the story of Cruz's life is then filled inby flashbacks as the novel moves between past and present. Cruz is a former soldier of the Mexican Revolutionwho has become wealthy and powerful through "violence, blackmail, bribery, and brutal exploitation of theworkers".[16] The novel explores the corrupting effects of power and criticizes the distortion of therevolutionaries' original aims through "class domination, Americanization, financial corruption, and failure ofland reform".[17]

Fuentes' 1975 Terra Nostra, perhaps his most ambitious novel, is a "massive, Byzantine work" that tells thestory of all Hispanic civilization.[7] Modeled on James Joyce's Finnegans Wake, Terra Nostra shiftsunpredictably between the sixteenth century and the twentieth, seeking the roots of contemporary LatinAmerican society in the struggle between the conquistadors and indigenous Americans. Like Artemio Cruz, thenovel also draws heavily on cinematic techniques.[7] The novel won the Xavier Villaurrutia Award in 1976[18]

and the Venezuelan Rmulo Gallegos Prize in 1977.[19]

His 1985 novel The Old Gringo (Gringo viejo), loosely based on American author Ambrose Bierce'sdisappearance during the Mexican Revolution,[8] became the first U.S. bestseller written by a Mexicanauthor.[3] The novel tells the story of Harriet Winslow, a young American woman who travels to Mexico, andfinds herself in the company of an aging American journalist (called only "the old gringo") and Toms Arroyo,a revolutionary general. Like many of Fuentes' works, it explores the way in which revolutionary ideals becomecorrupted, as Arroyo chooses to pursue the deed to an estate where he once worked as a servant rather thanfollow the goals of the revolution.[20] In 1989, the novel was adapted into the U.S. film Old Gringo starringGregory Peck, Jane Fonda, and Jimmy Smits.[3]


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Mexican historian Enrique Krauze was a vigorous critic of Fuentes and his fiction, dubbing him a "guerrilladandy" in a 1988 article for the perceived gap between his Marxist politics and his personal lifestyle.[21] Krauzeaccused Fuentes of selling out to the PRI government and being "out of touch with Mexico", exaggerating itspeople to appeal to foreign audiences: "There is the suspicion in Mexico that Fuentes merely uses Mexico as atheme, distorting it for a North American public, claiming credentials that he does not have."[4][22] The essay,published in Octavio Paz's magazine Vuelta, began a feud between Paz and Fuentes that lasted until Paz'sdeath.[6] Following Fuentes' death, however, Krauze described him to reporters as "one of the most brilliantwriters of the 20th Century".[23]

Fuentes' works have been translated into 24 languages.[3] He remained prolific to the end of his life, with anessay on the new government of France appearing in Reforma newspaper on the day of his death.[24]

The Los Angeles Times described Fuentes' politics as "moderate liberal", noting that he criticized "the excessesof both the left and the right".[4] Fuentes was a long-standing critic of the Institutional Revolutionary Party(PRI) government that ruled Mexico between 1929 and the election of Vicente Fox in 2000, and later ofMexico's inability to reduce drug violence. He has expressed his sympathies with the Zapatista rebels inChiapas.[1] Fuentes was also critical of U.S. foreign policy, including Ronald Reagan's opposition to theSandinistas,[6] George W. Bush's anti-terrorism tactics,[1] U.S. immigration policy,[3] and the role of the U.S. inthe Mexican Drug War.[4] His politics caused him to be blocked from entering the United States until aCongressional intervention in 1967.[1] Once, after being denied permission to travel to a 1963 New York Citybook release party, he responded "The real bombs are my books, not me".[1] Much later in his life, hecommented that "The United States is very good at understanding itself, and very bad at understandingothers."[2]

The U.S. State Department and the Federal Bureau of Investigation closely monitored Fuentes during the 1960s,purposefully delaying and often denying the authors visa applications.[25] Fuentes' FBI file, released onJune 20, 2013, reveals that the FBIs upper echelons were interested in Fuentes movements, because of thewriter's suspected communist-leanings and criticism of the Vietnam War. Long-time FBI Associate DirectorClyde Tolson was copied on several updates about Fuentes.[26]

Initially a supporter of Fidel Castro's Cuban Revolution, Fuentes turned against Castro after being branded a"traitor" to Cuba in 1965 for attending a New York conference[6] and the 1971 imprisonment of poet HebertoPadilla by the Cuban government.[2] The Guardian described him as accomplishing "the rare feat for a leftwingLatin American intellectual of adopting a critical attitude towards Fidel Castro's Cuba without being dismissedas a pawn of Washington."[2] Fuentes also criticized Venezuelan President Hugo Chvez, dubbing him "atropical Mussolini."[1]

Fuentes' last message on Twitter read, "There must be something beyond slaughter and barbarism to support theexistence of mankind and we must all help search for it."[27]


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On May 15, 2012, Fuentes died in Angeles del Pedregal hospital in southern Mexico City from a massivehemorrhage.[8][28] He had been brought there after his doctor had found him collapsed in his Mexico Cityhome.[8]

Mexican President Felipe Caldern wrote on Twitter, "I am profoundly sorry for the death of our loved andadmired Carlos Fuentes, writer and universal Mexican. Rest in peace."[5] Nobel laureate Mario Vargas Llosastated, "with him, we lose a writer whose work and whose presence left a deep imprint".[5] French PresidentFranois Hollande called Fuentes "a great friend of our country" and stated that Fuentes had "defended withardour a simple and dignified idea of humanity".[29] Salman Rushdie tweeted "RIP Carlos my friend".[29]

Fuentes received a state funeral on May 16, with his funeral cortege briefly stopping traffic in Mexico City. Theceremony was held in the Palacio de Bellas Artes and was attended by President Caldern.[29]

Novels

La regin ms transparente (Where the Air Is Clear) (1958) ISBN 978-970-58-0014-6Las buenas conciencias (The Good Conscience) (1961) ISBN 978-970-710-004-6Aura (1961) ISBN 978-968-411-181-3La muerte de Artemio Cruz (The Death of Artemio Cruz) (1962) ISBN 978-0-374-52283-4Cambio de piel (A Change of Skin) (1967)Zona sagrada (Holy Place) (1967)Cumpleaos (Birthday) (1969)Terra Nostra (1975)La cabeza de la hidra (The Hydra Head) (1978)Agua quemada (Burnt Water) (1980)Una familia lejana (Distant Relations) (1980)Gringo viejo (The Old Gringo) (1985)Cristbal Nonato (Christopher Unborn) (1987)Ceremonias del alba (1991)The Campaign (1992)El naranjo (The Orange Tree) (1994)Diana o la cazadora solitaria (Diana: the Goddess Who Hunts Alone) (1995)La frontera de cristal (The Crystal Frontier: A Novel of Nine Stories) (1996)Los aos con Laura Daz (The Years With Laura Diaz) (1999)Instinto de Inez (Inez) (2001)La silla del guila (The Eagle's Throne) (2002)Todas las familias felices (Happy Families) (2006), ISBN 987-04-0557-6La voluntad y la fortuna (Destiny and Desire) (2008), ISBN 978-1400068807


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Vlad (2010)Federico en su Balcn (2012) (posthumous)

Short stories

Los das enmascarados (1954)Cantar de ciegos (1964)Chac Mool y otros cuentos (1973)Agua quemada (1983) ISBN 968-16-1577-8Dos educaciones. (1991) ISBN 84-397-1728-8Los hijos del conquistador (1994)Inquieta compaa (2004)Las dos ElenasEl hijo de Andrs Aparicio

Essays

La nueva novela hispanoamericana (1969) ISBN 968-27-0142-2El mundo de Jos Luis Cuevas (1969)Casa con dos puertas (1970)Tiempo mexicano (1971)Miguel de Cervantes o la crtica de la lectura (1976)Myself With Others (1988)El Espejo Enterrado (The Buried Mirror: Reflections on Spain and the New World) (1992) ISBN84-306-0265-8Geografa de la novela (1993) ISBN 968-16-4044-6Tres discursos para dos aldeas ISBN 950-557-195-XNuevo tiempo mexicano (A New Time for Mexico) (1995) ISBN 968-19-0231-9Retratos en el tiempo, with Carlos Fuentes Lemus (2000)Los cinco soles de Mxico: memoria de un milenio (2000) ISBN 84-322-1063-3En esto creo (2002) ISBN 970-58-0087-1Contra Bush (2004) ISBN 968-19-1450-3Los 68 (2005) ISBN 0307274152Personas (2012) ISBN 0307274152

Theater

Todos los gatos son pardos (1970)El tuerto es rey (1970).


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Los reinos originarios: teatro hispano-mexicano (1971)Orqudeas a la luz de la luna. Comedia mexicana. (1982)Ceremonias del alba (1990)

Screenplays

No oyes ladrar los perros? (1974)Pedro Pramo (1967)Los caifanes (1966)Un alma pura (1965) (episode from Los bienamados)Tiempo de morir (1965) (written in collaboration with Gabriel Garca Mrquez)Las dos Elenas (1964)El gallo de oro (1964) (written in collaboration with Gabriel Garca Mrquez and Roberto Gavaldn,from a short story by Juan Rulfo)

1967 Biblioteca Breve Award for A Change of Skin[7]

1972 Member of the Colegio Nacional[19]

1972 Mazatln Literature Prize for Tiempo mexicano (Fuentes refused the award in protest against thepolicies of the government of the state of Sinaloa against the student movement at the State University of

Sinaloa)[30]

1976 Xavier Villaurrutia Award for Terra Nostra[18]

1977 Rmulo Gallegos Prize for Terra Nostra[19]

1979 Alfonso Reyes International Prize[19]

1983 Honorary Doctorate granted by Harvard University[31]

1984 Mexican National Prize for Arts and Sciences[32]

1984 Massey Lecture[33]

1987 Miguel de Cervantes Prize[3]

1987 Honorary Doctorate (Doctor of Letters) granted by the University of Cambridge[34]

1989 Istituto Italo-Latino Americano Award for The Old Gringo[7]

1992 National Order of Merit of France[19]

1992 Menndez Pelayo International Prize[35]

1993 Commander of the Order of Merit of Chile[19]

1994 Grinzane Cavour Prize[19]

1994 Prince of Asturias Award[19]

1994 UNESCO's Pablo Picasso Medal[19]


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1999 Belisario Domnguez Medal of Honor[36]

2001 Honorary Member of the Mexican Academy of Language[37]

2004 Prize of the Real Academia Espaola for En esto creo[38]

2005 Galileo 2000 Prize[39]

2006 Four Freedoms Award for Freedom of Speech and Expression[40]

2006 Huizinga Lecture[41]

2008 Internacional don Quijote de la Mancha Prize[35]

2009 Great Cross of the Order of Isabella the Catholic[35]

2011 Prix Formentor[35]

2012 Creation of the Carlos Fuentes International Prize for Literary Creation in the Spanish Language by

the Mexican government.[42]

^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Anthony DePalma (May 15, 2012). "Carlos Fuentes, Mexican Man of Letters, Dies at 83"(http://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/16/books/carlos-fuentes-mexican-novelist-dies-at-83.html). The New York Times.Retrieved May 16, 2012.

1.

^ a b c d e f g h i j Nick Caistor (May 15, 2012). "Carlos Fuentes obituary" (http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/2012/may/15/carlos-fuentes). The Guardian (London). Retrieved May 17, 2012.

2.

^ a b c d e f Anahi Rama and Lizbeth Diaz (May 15, 2012). "Mexican novelist Carlos Fuentes dies at 83"(http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2012-05-15/entertainment/sns-rt-us-mexico-fuentesbre84e15k-20120515_1_artemio-cruz-crystal-frontier-carlos-fuentes). Chicago Tribune. Reuters. Retrieved May 17, 2012.

3.

^ a b c d e Reed Johnson and Ken Ellingwood (May 16, 2012). "Carlos Fuentes dies at 83; Mexican novelist"(http://articles.latimes.com/2012/may/16/local/la-me-carlos-fuentes-20120516/2). Los Angeles Times. Retrieved May17, 2012.

4.

^ a b c "Mexican author Carlos Fuentes dead at 83" (http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-18081034).BBC News. May 16, 2012. Retrieved May 17, 2012.

5.

^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Marcela Valdes (May 16, 2012). "Carlos Fuentes, Mexican novelist, dies at 83"(http://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/books/carlos-fuentes-mexican-novelist-dies-at-83/2012/05/15/gIQAx7dxRU_story.html). The Washington Post. Retrieved May 16, 2012.

6.

^ a b c d e f g Howard Fraser, Daniel Altamiranda, and Susana Perea-Fox (January 2012). "Carlos Fuentes"(http://web.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.lib.uwm.edu/ehost/detail?sid=da901246-4dd8-4e04-833d-0ac6fbf207da%40sessionmgr110&vid=1&hid=105&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=lfh&AN=103331CSLF12290140000153). Critical Survey of Long Fiction. Retrieved May 18, 2012.

7.

^ a b c d e "Carlos Fuentes, prolific Mexican novelist, essayist, dies at 83; mourned around globe"(http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the_americas/carlos-fuentes-prolific-mexican-novelist-essayist-dies-at-83-mourned-around-globe/2012/05/15/gIQAMFSJSU_story.html). The Washington Post. Associated Press. May 15,2012. Retrieved May 16, 2012.

8.


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^ Jonathan Roeder and Randall Woods (May 15, 2012). "Carlos Fuentes, Mexican Author With Global Fans, Dies At83" (http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-05-15/carlos-fuentes-mexican-author-with-global-fans-dies-at-83-2-.html). Bloomberg. Retrieved May 16, 2012.

9.

^ Maarten van Delden (1993). "Carlos Fuentes: From Identity to Alternativity" (http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/2904639?uid=3739744&uid=2129&uid=2&uid=70&uid=4&uid=3739256&sid=56182237133). ModernLanguage Notes (Johns Hopkins University) 108: 331346. Retrieved May 17, 2012.

10.

^ "Muere Natasha Fuentes Lemus, hija de Carlos Fuentes" (http://www.letralia.com/129/0822fuentes.htm). Letralia.September 5, 2012. Retrieved May 16, 2012.

11.

^ "Desconfa Carlos Fuentes de los escritores con xito garantizado" (http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/460937.html). El Universal (in Spanish). November 13, 2007. Retrieved May 17, 2012.

12.

^ Genevieve Slomski (November 2010). "Where the Air Is Clear" (http://web.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.lib.uwm.edu/ehost/detail?sid=afd06b72-6e58-489c-a957-e93f4fa8ac2b%40sessionmgr113&vid=1&hid=105&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=lfh&AN=103331MP431479310000330). Masterplots. Retrieved18 May 2012.

13.

^ Husna Haq (May 16, 2012). "Carlos Fuentes: 5 best novels" (http://www.csmonitor.com/Books/2012/0516/Carlos-Fuentes-5-best-novels/Where-the-Air-is-Clear-1957). The Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved May 17, 2012.

14.

^ Seldan Rodman (November 12, 1961). "Revolution Isn't Enough" (http://www.nytimes.com/books/97/10/26/home/fuente-conscience.html). The New York Times. Retrieved May 16, 2012.

15.

^ "The Death of Artemio Cruz" (http://web.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.lib.uwm.edu/ehost/detail?sid=e9b84d45-eb2b-4f54-835a-93ceb01b3d70%40sessionmgr111&vid=1&hid=105&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=lfh&AN=103331MP414709310000063). Masterplots. November 2010. Retrieved May 18, 2012.

16.

^ Genevieve Slomski and Thomas L. Erskine (January 2009). "The Death of Artemio Cruz"(http://web.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.lib.uwm.edu/ehost/detail?sid=3d9f1db2-a389-4eb3-a3ca-fdbdd16813af%40sessionmgr104&vid=1&hid=105&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=lfh&AN=103331MSW17619850000760). Magill's Survery of World Literature. Retrieved May 18, 2012.

17.

^ a b "Premio Xavier Villaurrutia" (http://www.epdlp.com/premios.php?premio=Xavier%20Villaurrutia). El poder dela palabra. Retrieved December 7, 2009.

18.

^ a b c d e f g h i "Fuentes, Carlos" (http://www.colegionacional.org.mx/SACSCMS/XStatic/colegionacional/template/content.aspx?se=vida&te=detallemiembro&mi=119) (in Spanish). Colegio Nacional. Retrieved May 17, 2012.

19.

^ Bernadette Flynn Low (November 2010). "The Old Gringo" (http://web.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.lib.uwm.edu/ehost/detail?sid=d9f17314-8476-4a69-9f07-ea97dc7d656f%40sessionmgr111&vid=1&hid=105&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=lfh&AN=103331MP424089820000713). Masterplots. Retrieved18 May 2012.

20.

^ Marjorie Miller (May 17, 2012). "Appreciating Mexican author Carlos Fuentes" (http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5ggNhykG2EBmKe3ewpzl-kKeMpy6g?docId=bc48bc7f383d400891091379c48c4979). Google News. Associated Press. Retrieved May 18,2012.

21.

^ "Mexico mourns death of Carlos Fuentes" (http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/centralamericaandthecaribbean/mexico/9268694/Mexico-mourns-death-of-Carlos-Fuentes.html). The Telegraph(London). May 15, 2012. Retrieved 18 May 2012.

22.


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^ "Reaction to death of Mexican author Carlos Fuentes" (http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-502927_162-57434907/reaction-to-death-of-mexican-author-carlos-fuentes/). CBS News. May 15, 2012. Retrieved May 18, 2012.

23.

^ Alejandro Escalona (May 16, 2012). "Carlos Fuentes embraced Chicago" (http://www.suntimes.com/news/escalona/12575856-452/carlos-fuentes-embraced-chicago.html). Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved May 17, 2012.

24.

^ Graham Kates (June 21, 2013). "FBI Foiled and Followed Author" (http://www.nycitynewsservice.com/2013/06/21/fbi-foiled-and-followed-author/). NYCity News Service. Retrieved June 22, 2013.

25.

^ http://www.nycitynewsservice.com/2013/06/21/fbi-foiled-and-followed-author/. Missing or empty |title= (help)26.

^ Noam Cohen (May 15, 2012). "The Day Carlos Fuentes Took to Twitter" (http://mediadecoder.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/05/15/the-day-carlos-fuentes-took-to-twitter/). The New York Times. Retrieved May 16, 2012.

27.

^ "Muere el escritor Carlos Fuentes" (http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/847415.html). El Universal. May 15,2012. Retrieved May 15, 2012.

28.

^ a b c Gaby Wood (May 17, 2012). "Presidents and Nobel winners honour Mexican writer Carlos Fuentes"(http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/9272872/Presidents-and-Nobel-winners-honour-Mexican-writer-Carlos-Fuentes.html). The Telegraph (London). Retrieved May 17, 2012.

29.

^ El premio en la pgina del Carnaval de Mazatln (http://www.carnavalmazatlan.net/#/Arte_y_Cultrua/premio_de_literatura)

30.

^ "Harvard Honorary Degrees" (http://www.harvard.edu/honorary-degrees).31.^ Consejo Nacional para la Cultura y las Artes. "Premio Nacional de Ciencias y Artes" (http://www.ecultura.gob.mx/artistas_y_grupos_artisticos/pnca/indiceac/pnca_anoycampo.pdf). Secretara de Educacin Pblica. RetrievedDecember 1, 2009.

32.

^ Carlos Fuentes (November 7, 1984). "The 1984 CBC Massey Lectures, "Latin America: At War With The Past" "(http://www.cbc.ca/ideas/massey-archives/1984/11/07/massey-lectures-1984-latin-america-at-war-with-the-past/).Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved May 17, 2012.

33.

^ "Cambridge Honorary Degrees" (http://www.cam.ac.uk/univ/degrees/honorary/recipients.html).34.^ a b c d "Muere Carlos Fuentes" (http://www.lne.es/general/2012/05/15/muere-carlos-fuentes/1242348.html). lne.es.Reuters. May 15, 2012. Retrieved May 17, 2012.

35.

^ "Personas Galardonadas y Discursos Pronunciados" (http://www.senado.gob.mx/index.php?ver=sen&mn=7&sm=6). Senado de la Republica de Mexico. May 17, 2012. Retrieved May 17, 2012.

36.

^ "Miembros de la Academia Mexicana de la Lengua" (http://www.academia.org.mx/miembros.php?tipo=6) (inSpanish). Academia Mexicana de la Lengua. Retrieved May 17, 2012.

37.

^ Real Academia Espaola (2004). "Premio Real Academia Espaola de creacin literaria 2004" (http://www.rae.es/rae/gestores/gespub000004.nsf/voTodosporId/CDA7E60511EFB856C12572C30038B1FA?OpenDocument).Retrieved August 23, 2010.

38.

^ "Dan a Carlos Fuentes premio Galileo 2000" (http://www.elsiglodedurango.com.mx/noticia/72917.dan-a-carlos-fuentes-premio-galileo-2000.html). El Siglo=. June 20, 2005. Retrieved May 17, 2012.

39.

^ "Laureates Since 1982" (http://www.fourfreedoms.nl/four-freedoms-awards/laureates-since-1982/year:2006.htm).The Franklin D. Roosevelt Four Freedoms Award. 2012. Retrieved May 16, 2012.

40.

^ "Huizinga-lezing archief" (http://www.hum.leiden.edu/history/huizinga-lezing/archief/archief-1.html) (in Dutch).Leiden University. Retrieved May 17, 2012.

41.

^ (Spanish) "Conaculta anuncia el Premio Internacional Carlos Fuentes a la Creacin Literaria en el Idioma Espaol"(http://www.conaculta.gob.mx/sala_prensa_detalle.php?id=21561). July 3, 2012. Retrieved July 4, 2012.

42.


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Appearances (http://www.c-spanvideo.org/carlosfuentes) on C-SPANCarlos Fuentes (http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0297391/) at the Internet Movie DatabaseWorks by or about Carlos Fuentes (http://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n80-22904) in libraries (WorldCatcatalog)Carlos Fuentes (http://www.nndb.com/people/290/000106969) at the Notable Names Database

AwardsPreceded by

Jos Angel Conchello DvilaBelisario Domnguez Medal of Honor

1999Succeeded by

Leopoldo Zea Aguilar

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Carlos_Fuentes&oldid=604911196"Categories: 1928 births 2012 deaths 20th-century Mexican writers Brown University facultyBurials at Montparnasse Cemetery Columbia University faculty Harvard University staffMagic realism writers Members of El Colegio Nacional Members of the Mexican Academy of LanguageMexican columnists Mexican diplomats Mexican novelistsNational Autonomous University of Mexico alumniKnights Grand Cross of the Order of Isabella the Catholic People from Panama City Postmodern writersPremio Cervantes winners Princeton University faculty Recipients of the Belisario Domnguez MedalRecipients of the Order of Merit (Chile) University of Pennsylvania faculty

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