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Reaching the Unreachable

Carpentry and Joinery

curicullum

ILIDP 2011

ILKERIN LOITA INTEGRAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME P.O BOX 128 – 20500

NAROK

Tel. +254 716 431807

E-mail: Ilkerin@africaonline.co.ke

Website: www.ilkerin.org

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INTRODUCTION This document spells out ILIDP’s implementation process on the course on carpentry. It gives an outline of the modules and the sub contents analysis. The contents of the document have been developed based on the training on the same course as offered in formal youth training centres. We have made deliberate attempts to contextualize the same to fit into the informal mode of TIVET training as offered by ILIDP. We shall continuously review this syllabus to ensure that the trainees optimize their skills acquisition in this informal setting. Technical, Vocational Education and Training (TVET) as offered by ILIDP is about integrating hundreds of Loita Maasai youth in the economic mainstream through vocational skills education and training. It seeks to bridge the gap between their lack of formal education and entry into the labour market by equipping them with skills necessary for competitive participation in the labour market. It is worth noting that 90% of ILIDPs TIVET target group are illiterate or semi-literate youth. The need to equip them with vocational skills arouse from the youth’s own initiative to involve the ILIDP programme in efforts to secure resources (funds and facilities) for their training. It is our hope that with strategic management, time and resources, this indigenous community will have found reason to embrace TVET as strategically relevant to poverty reduction and the achievement of the MDGs. The unwavering support of the Narok Youth Polytechnic is acknowledged in the setting up of this informal training centre. The expertise of our Dutch partners, Edukans Foundation through the Learn4Work Programme, in the development of this curriculum is greatly valued. We mention particularly Dr. Adriaan Vrienten whose professional expertise has guided us this far. Continued collaboration is sought after and hoped for as ILIDP advances on ‘Reaching the Unreachable’.

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1.0 BACKGROUND INFORMATION 1.1 CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT Curriculum comes from the Latin verb “currere” which means: to run. The Latin noun means: “course or vehicle”.

For education purposes the meaning “course” is adopted. More specifically, the brief description ‘plan for learning’ is what will be applied in this document to describe the development of curricula.

In curricula development five levels of curricula are distinguished.

Level Description Examples

Supra International Common European framework for languages

Macro System, national Core objectives

Examination programs

Meso School, institute School programs

Educational programs

Micro Classroom, teacher Teaching plan

Instructional materials

Modules

Courses

textbooks

Nano Pupil, individual personal plan for learning

individual course of learning

This curriculum is developed for the micro level. In curricula development two major questions are under discussion:

1. The content perspective: What to learn? 2. The implementation perspective: How to learn?

ILIDP has answered the “What?” question in the Policy Document. The requirements decided on by ILIDP are described in the policy document and are related to the needs of the labour market and the Governmental Trade Test Requirements Grade III. This document seeks to answer the question “How?” of the implementation process. It attempts to create a distinction and establish a balance between three main aspects of curricula development namely:

1. Knowledge 2. Social preparation 3. Personal development

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To prepare the trainees for the above tasks, the course is planned and executed at two stages: 1.2 Centre-based training (at ILIDP) This consists of four (4) months of centre- based training. The centre based training consists of 640 contact hours per trainee. Theory and practice is at the ratio of 15% and 85% respectively. Support subjects are offered as life skills, entrepreneurial skills and sexual and reproductive health. Basic numeracy and literacy skills are offered on a continuous basis during this period. 1.3 Apprenticeship The trainees are apprenticed to the labour market for 4 months following the completion of the centre based training. During this field attachment, the apprentices will have similar contact hours of 640 per trainee. Training will be offered 5% theory and 95% practical. This is the background to the development and presentation of this syllabus on non-formal vocational skills training as offered by the Ilkerin Loita Integral Development Programme.

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2.0 OBJECTIVES AND PROFILES 2.1 COURSE OBJECTIVES At least the end of the course, the trainee should be able to:-

1. Develop safe working habits and use basic Carpentry tools and equipment safely and correctly.

2. Perform the necessary adjustment on carpentry tools components. 3. Identify and replace defective parts of carpentry tools 4. Demonstrate desirable customer relations.

2.2 JOB PROFILES BASED ON THE GOVERNMENT TRADE TEST REQUIREMENTS

1) Study drawings, specifications product information, sketches or building plans to prepare the carpentry work

2) Measure distances and materials and mark cutting lines on materials using ruler, pencil, chalk, marking gauge, measuring tape, etc

3) Check existing structures using tools such as levels, framing squares, etc. 4) Shape, saw or cut (building) materials (e.g. boards, timber, plywood) to specified

measurements, e.g. using hand or power tools 5) Fasten (building) materials with varying fastening materials, such as screws, nails,

glue, bolts, etc 6) Erect scaffolding, (roof) supports, chutes etc. to work above ground level. 7) Remove damaged or defective parts or sections of structures and repair or

replace these, e.g. using carpenter's hand tools and power tools. 8) Install and repair doors, frames, timber floors, roofs, suspended ceilings etc. e.g.

using carpenter's hand and power tools 9) Finish seams and connections with lute, skirting, moulding, etc

2.3 PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCE PROFILE

Profile description The carpenter mainly works in wood workshops or construction sites. The daily activities of a carpenter focus on carpentry and joinery. Specific activities in the workshop include selection of wood, measuring, cutting, joinery and varnishing. Specific activities at the construction site are scaffolding, roofing and ceiling. For adequate practise of the profession, practical knowledge is required but also knowledge of tools and types of wood as well as theoretical knowledge as well as life and entrepreneurial skills.

Responsibilities As an employee in a wood workshop, the carpenter carries out activities in close consultation with the manager or employer and / or with the client. The carpenter on the construction site works in close consultation with the manager/employer and the workers of the different

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disciplines at the site.

Development As part of the operational management , the use of information and communication technology is becoming an important issue related to the effectiveness of the business. This is in areas such as stock control, business administration and customer relations. Furthermore new developments in the industry keep emerging and the carpenter needs to be continually informed.

Core assignment In the workshop, the carpenter has to balance between the quality of the products according to the wishes of the client and the interests of the enterprise. If need be, He/she establishes the priority and communicates this to the client. The carpenter has from time to time to professionally advice the wishes of the client in as far as the desired design leads to the production of an optimal product. The carpenter is decisive and professional in attitude when convincing the client on how a particular job should proceed. The carpenter is responsible for an adequate time schedule of the work contracted/commissioned. The carpenter is also focused on quality of the products and personal safety involved in production.

Complexities Activities in the workshop are partly routine actions in accordance to standard procedures e.g. welcoming the client, engaging on the desired product, preparation for the activities to be undertaken and realization of the products. At the construction site, the carpenter has to communicate with the constructor or other workers on the activities being undertaken according to the desired designs and work towards completion within a given timeframe. It is the duty of the carpenter to foresee and counter possible problems and complications in his work. The carpenter should be able to solve problems in line with learned standard procedures, independently or with the help of the manager/contractor.

Professional attitude The carpenter should be quality oriented in his products, able to communicate with co-workers or contractors. Attitude is also characterized by awareness of safety procedures and knowledge of existing guidelines on quality. The carpenter should be able to calculate the cost of the wanted products and discuss this with the client and contractor.

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3.0 MODULES The course is divided into 17 modules. 3.1 MODULE /TASK ANALYSIS The matrix below outlines the sub-units of each module.

CODE DURATION (hrs.) MODULE SUB - UNITS

1.0

4 hrs. PERSONAL SAFETY 1.1 Safety and Hygiene 1.2 Tools and equipment 1.3 First aid

2.0

24 hrs. TOOLS 2.1 Various tools

3.0 4 hrs. KENYA SPECIFIC TREES 3.1 Hard wood 3.2 Soft wood

4.0

4 hrs. CONVERSION OF TIMBER 4.1 Various methods

5.0

4 hrs. SEASONING OF TIMBER 5.1 Seasoning Methods

6.0 4 hrs. DEFECTS OF TIMBER 6.1 Identification of defects

7.0 132 hrs. BASIC JOINTS IN WOODWORK 7.1 Basic joints

8.0

4 hrs. TIMBER PRODUCTS 8.1 Manufactured boards

9.0 2 hrs. IRON MONGERY 9.1 Various types

10.0 2 hrs. ADHESIVES 10.1 Types of glue

11.0 2 hrs. WOOD PRESERVATIVES 11.1 Types of preservatives

12.0 44 hrs. WOOD FINISHING 12.1 Types of wood finishing

13.0

135 hrs. ROOF 13.1 Types of roofs

14.0 88 hrs. DOORS 14.1 Types of doors

15.0 88 hrs. WINDOWS 15.1 Types of windows

16.0

44 hrs. FLOORS 16.1 Types of floor

17.0 44 hrs.

STAIRS 17.1 Simple stairs

18.0 11 hrs. Entrepreneurship 18.1 Business skills

3.2 MODULE TOOLS/MATERIALS Each module has particular requirements which are captured in the following matrix.

CODE MODULE TOOLS/EQUIPMENT DESCRIPTION Recommended AVAILABLE NOT

AVAILABLE NEEDED

1.0 PERSONAL SAFETY Dust coat First aid kit

Assorted sizes Set/box

18 12 6 6

1 - 1 1

2.0 TOOLS Measuring tools: Tape measure Try measure Marking Gauge Steel ruler

5 metres/16 ft. Standard 12” !2”

18 2 16 16

10 8 2 2

10 10 - -

10 - 10 10

Cutting tools: Hand saw Tenon saw Panga/machete Rip saw

18” 18” 18” 18”

9 4 5 5

9 2 7 7

9 - 9 9

9 1 8 8

Plane tools: Jack plane Smoothing plane Spoke shape Plough plane Rebate plane

No. 5 No.4 Standard Standard No. 78

6 3 3 3

6 3 3 3

6 1 5 5

6 - 6 6

6 1 5 5

Boring tools: Hand brace Hand drill Chisel

15” 9” Standard

9 1 8 8

9 1 8 8

9 4 5 5

Tightening tools: Sash clump G-clump F-clump

5ft. Standard 18”

6 1 5 5

6 4 2 2

6 - 6 6

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Sharpening tools: Oil stone Triangular tile File

6” 6” Standard

6 1 5 5

6 2 4 4

6 - - -

3.0 KENYA SPECIFIC TREES Hard wood Soft wood

4.0 CONVERSION OF TIMBER See above for relevant tools

5.0 SEASONING OF TIMBER See above for relevant tools

6.0 DEFECTS OF TIMBER See above for relevant tools

7.0 BASIC JOINTS IN WOODWORK Timber

8.0 TIMBER PRODUCTS Block board Ply wood

4x8 4x8

10 - 10 10

10 - 10 10

9.0 IRON MONGERY Wire Rolls Wire 9 Rolls Wire 10

10 5 5 5

10 5 5 5

10.0 ADHESIVES Glue 2 litre containers 6 2 4 4

11.0 WOOD PRESERVATIVES Oil preservative Water solvent Spirit solvent

Litres Litres Litres

10 - 10 10

10 - 10 10

10 - 10 10

12.0 WOOD FINISHING Paints Varnish Sand paper ( rolls)

4 litre tins 4 litre tins No.0 No.120

6 1 5 5

6 1 5 5

10 1 9 9

10 1 9 9

13.0 ROOF Frame Nails

Timber 4x2 Roofing nails

See below 50kg

-

50

50

14.0 DOORS Frame Timber

Timber 4x2 Timber 8x1

150 15 135 135

150 - 150 150

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15.0 WINDOWS Frame Timber Nails

See above for timber details 2” 3”

10Kg 10Kg

4 4

6 6

6 6

16.0 FLOORS Frame Timber

See 14.0 above

17.0 STAIRS Frame Timber Nails

See 14.0 and 15.0 above

18.0 ENTREPRENEURSHIP Books Reference books and materials

5 2 3 3

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3.3 MODULE ANALYSIS

MODULE/DURATION TASK OBJECTIVE TEACHERS APPROACH TRAINEES SKILLS/ COMPETENCE

PLACE ATTITUDE

1.1 SAFETY AND HYGIENE

(4 hrs.)

1.1 Personal safety

Acquire knowledge and skills on:

personal safety

safety for others

safety for the entire workshop and its equipment

Lesson and tutorial on: 1) The importance of

proper way of dressing in the workshop

2) How to handle tools properly

3) Good safety working habits

By the end of the lesson the student should have develop good safety working habits

Class and workshop

Positive

1.2 Tools and equipment safety

Learn:

How to sharpen all the tools like saws and chisel’s

How to use fire extinguisher

Demonstrate how 1) To maintain tools and

its importance 2) To handle all the tools 3) To put off any fire

The trainee to develop and demonstrate safe ways of wood working tools and their maintenance also to care for the entire workshop

Workshop Positive

1.3 First aid and first aid kit

Know how to:

Tie the bandage on the cuts, burns etc

Put off electric devices

Avoid all this accidents

Demonstrate on 1) The steps taken when

administering first aid in the workshop or work site

The student must know correct steps to be taken in case of an accident in the workshop

Workshop Positive

2.0 TOOLS (24 hrs.)

2.1 Wood working tools

Acquire knowledge on:

Classification of tools.

Explain and demonstrate: 1) The seven classes of

tools

The student should be able to name common wood

Workshop Positive

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The correct use of each and every tool and be able to illustrate

2) Maintenance of this tools

3) The relevant work for each tool

working tools, describe their function and maintain them

3.0 KENYA SPECIFIC TREES 4hrs

3.1 Soft wood and Hardwood

To identify

The two different branches of trees and,

sketch their uses and structures

Explain and demonstrate: 1) The characteristics of

the tree types 2) Their uses 3) Identification of

maturity

Trainee should be able to identify the two types of trees and know their uses and value

Workshop and outdoors

Positive

4.0 Conversion of timber 4 hrs

5.1 Conversion methods

Understand and identify

the five methods of conversion of timber

The advantages and disadvantages of each method

Demonstrate by 1) Showing cross section

of each of them through and through, tangential, Quartering and slashing

2) Take them for a field work

Trainee should be able to identify the type of conversion used Have the knowledge of advantage and disadvantage

Workshop and outdoors

Positive

5.0 SEASONING OF TIMBER 4hrs

Seasoning methods

To know the different types of seasoning:

Air or natural seasoning

Kiln seasoning

Combination of the two

Water seasoning

Explain and illustrate to them by 1) Sketching pictures or

drawing 2) Take them outside to

timber yard and to the kiln nearby

The trainee should know about the two methods ,the advantages and disadvantages of each method

Positive

6.0 Defects of timber 4hrs

Types of defects

Illustrate the defects by

sketching all the three defects

using pictures

Lesson and tutorial on: 1) natural defects 2) conversion defects 3) seasoning defects

The student must be able to identify and differentiate between the three

Workshop and outdoors

Positive

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identifying already defected timbers

defects

7.0 Basic joints used in wood work 132 hrs

7.1 Types of joints

Demonstrate knowledge of joints by

sketching or picture drawing all of the joints

let them make most of the joints

Explain and demonstrate about

1) Framing the joint 2) Lengthening 3) Widening

By the end of the lesson they should be able to make and identify and know where they are being used

workshop Positive

8.0 Timber products 4hrs

8.1 Manufactured boards

Demonstrate on

different types of boards

advantage over the boards

Lesson and tutorial on 1) manufacture of

boards 2) How they are

manufactured 3) where and how

they are used

By the end of the lesson the student must be able to identify all types of manufactured board

Workshop Positive

9.0 Iron monger 2hrs

9.1 Hard wire To know

All types of hard wires

Their make

Their uses

Explain and demonstrate on 1) all types of hinges 2) all types of nails 3) all types of screws 4) all types of connectors 5) all types of locks

The student should be able to identify all these hardwires and how to use them

Workshop Positive

10.0 Adhesives 2hrs

10.1 Types of Adhesives

Knowledge of :

All the three types

How to prepare for use

Their shelf life

Lesson and tutorial on 1) Vegetable 2) Animal glues 3) Synthetic glues

The trainee should identify the three types of glues and demonstrate knowledge of their proper uses

Workshop Positive

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11.0 Preservatives 2hrs

11.1 Types of preservatives

Know about

The three types of wood preservatives

How to prepare and use

Their advantage and disadvantages of each

Explain and illustrate 1) Oil preservatives 2) Water solvent 3) Spirit solvent

The trainee should have clear knowledge of the different types of preservatives and their usage

Workshop Positive

12.0 Wood finishing 44 hrs

12.1 Polishing Knowledge of:

Paints

Varnish

Stains

Illustrate how 1) How to prepare it 2) To apply it 3) On which surface

By the end of the lesson the trainee should be able to do some wood polishing

workshop Positive and careful

13.1 Roof 135 hrs

13.1 Types of roofs

Knowledge and ability to perform the following:

Sketch all types of roof

Use models or diagrams

Lesson and demonstration on: 1) Flat roof 2) Capped roof 3) Hipped roof 4) Sprocket roof 5) Conical roof 6) Take them to various

sides

The trainee should be able to identify and construct various types of roofs

Workshop and sites

and careful

14.1 Doors 88hrs

14.1 Demonstrate knowledge by

Sketching

Models

Lesson and tasks on 1) Match boarded door 2) Framed door 3) Panelled door 4) Flash doors 5) Fire resistant doors 6) Flat door 7) Take them to sites

Trainee should be able to identify and build different types of doors

Workshop and sites

Positive

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15.1 Windows 88hrs

15.1 Window types

Knowledge about

Easement windows

Leavers windows

Explain and demonstrate by 1) Diagrams 2) Sketches 3) Perform tasks to build

various window types

The trainee should have knowledge to construction different designs of windows

Workshop and sites

Positive

16.1 Floors 44hrs

16.1 Types of Floors

Knowledge about

Solid floors

Hollow floors

Show by Lesson and tutorial 1) Diagrams 2) sketches 3) Tasks to demonstrate

ability

Ability to build wooden floors

Workshop and sites

Positive

17.0 Stairs 44hrs

17.1 Types of stairs

Knowledge about

Simple stairs

Illustrate and demonstrate construction of simple stairs and ladders

Ability to construct simple stairs cases and ladders

Workshop and sites

Positive

18.0 Entrepreneurship

18.1 information

Knowledge on life social skills, trade upgrading opportunities and private enterprise

Tutorial and workshops to impart knowledge and skills

Ability to operate positively in any given environment and to venture into private enterprise

classroom Positive

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4.0 APPRENTICESHIP The course on apprenticeship should contain essentials of these 17 modules. Assessment and evaluations should give the indicators that the training is on course during the period of apprenticeship. The following form is to be used during apprenticeship. Each trainee must have this while proceeding for apprenticeship, present to the tutor and return it duly filled and signed.

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5.0 ASSESSMENT TOOL IN CARPENTRY AND JOINERY MODULE TASK TRAINEES SKILLS/ COMPETENCE Date Sign Date Sign

1.0 Safety And Hygiene

1.1 Personal safety By the end of the lesson the student should have develop good safety working habits

1.2 Tools and equipment safety

The trainee to develop and demonstrate safe ways of wood working tools and their maintenance also to care for the entire workshop

1.3 First aid and first aid kit

The student must know correct steps to be taken in case of an accident in the workshop

2.0 Tools

2.1 Wood working tools

The student should be able to name common wood working tools, describe their function and maintain them

3.0 Kenya Specific Trees

3.1 Soft wood and Hardwood

Trainee should be able to identify the two types of trees and know their uses and value

4.0 Conversion Of Timber

5.1 Conversion methods

Trainee should be able to identify the type of conversion used Have the knowledge of advantage and disadvantage

5.0 Seasoning Of Timber

Seasoning methods The trainee should know about the two methods ,the advantages and disadvantages of each method

6.0 Defects Of Timber

Types of defects The student must be able to identify and differentiate between the three defects

7.0 Basic joints used in wood work

7.1 Types of joints By the end of the lesson they should be able to make and identify and know where they are being used

8.0 Timber products

8.1 Manufactured boards

By the end of the lesson the student must be able to identify all types of manufactured board

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9.0 Iron monger

9.1 Hard wire The student should be able to identify all these hardwires and how to use them

10.0 Adhesives 10.1 Types of Adhesives

The trainee should identify the three types of glues and demonstrate knowledge of their proper uses

11.0 Preservatives

11.1 Types of preservatives

The trainee should have clear knowledge of the different types of preservatives and their usage

12.0 Wood finishing

12.1 Polishing By the end of the lesson the trainee should be able to do some wood polishing

13.1 Roof

13.1 Types of roofs The trainee should be able to identify and construct various types of roofs

14.1 Doors

14.1 Types of doors Trainee should be able to identify and build different types of doors

15.1 Windows

15.1 Window types The trainee should have knowledge to construction different designs of windows

16.1 Floors

16.1 Types of Floors Ability to build wooden floors

17.1 Stairs

17.1 Types of stairs Ability to construct simple stairs cases and ladders

18.0 Entrepreneur skills

18.1 life skills entrepreneurship

Ability to adjust to environment and engage in a successful enterprise