carpiopulmonary resuscitation (cpr)
DESCRIPTION
LESSON 5. CARPIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION (CPR). 5- 1. Basic Life Support (BLS). First aid given if victim’s breathing or heart stops Often needed for victims of: Heart attack Drowning Choking Other injuries/conditions. Overview of BLS. CPR = chest compressions + rescue breaths - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
© 2011 National Safety Council
CARPIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION (CPR)
LESSON 5
5-1
© 2011 National Safety Council
Basic Life Support (BLS)
• First aid given if victim’s breathing or heart stops
• Often needed for victims of:
- Heart attack- Drowning- Choking- Other injuries/conditions
5-2
© 2011 National Safety Council
Overview of BLS
• CPR = chest compressions + rescue breaths
• Gets oxygen into lungs and oxygenated blood to vital organs
5-3
© 2011 National Safety Council
Overview of BLS continued
• Choking care
- Includes chest compressions- Expels an obstructing object from airway
5-4
© 2011 National Safety Council
Overview of BLS continued
• Use of an automated external defibrillator (AED)
- Restores a more normal heart rhythm
5-5
© 2011 National Safety Council
BLS Age Differences
Infant = birth to 1 year
Child = age 1 to the onset of puberty (for CPR and choking care); age 1 to 8 for AED
Adult = past the age of puberty (or over age 8 for AED)
5-6
© 2011 National Safety Council
Respiratory Emergencies
• Any illness or injury resulting in stopped breathing or inadequate breathing
• Two types
- Respiratory arrest- Respiratory distress
5-7
© 2011 National Safety Council
Respiratory Emergencies: Examples
• Obstructed airway
• Penetrating injury to chest
• Carbon monoxide poisoning
• Heart problem reducing tissue oxygen
• Electrical shock disrupting breathing or heartbeat
• Drug overdose or poisoning
5-8
© 2011 National Safety Council
Respiratory Arrest and Respiratory Distress
• Respiratory arrest
- Breathing has completely stopped
• Respiratory distress
- Breathing is difficult and may become ineffective
5-9
© 2011 National Safety Council
Cardiac Chain of Survival
5-10
© 2011 National Safety Council
Heart Attack – Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI)
• Sudden reduced blood flow to heart muscle
• Medical emergency that often leads to cardiac arrest
• Can occur at any age
• Usually results from atherosclerosis
16-11
© 2011 National Safety Council
Facts About Heart Attack
• Over 1,255,000 heart attacks occur a year in the United States, resulting in over 132,000 deaths
• Many could have been saved by first aid and medical treatment
• More likely in those with family history
• 1/5 of victims do not have chest pain
• Victims typically deny they are having a heart attack
16-12
© 2011 National Safety Council
Symptoms of Heart Attack
• Can vary from vague chest discomfort to crushing pain with or without other symptoms
• May have no signs and symptoms before suddenly collapsing
• May have milder symptoms that come and go before heart attack occurs
16-13
© 2011 National Safety Council
Symptoms of Heart Attack continued
• In women chest pain or discomfort most common symptom
- Also more likely to have shortness of breath, jaw or back pain, indigestion, nausea and vomiting
- http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t7wmPWTnDbE
16-14
© 2011 National Safety Council
Symptoms of Heart Attack continued
• Consider possibility of heart attack with wide range of symptoms
- Don’t expect a clearly defined situation
• Act quickly because deaths usually occur with an hour or two of symptoms
16-15
© 2011 National Safety Council
Aspirin and Heart Attack
• Many patients at risk for cardiovascular disease advised to take one low-dose aspirin daily unless allergic or experience side effects
• For victims who do not need to avoid aspirin, chewing one uncoated adult aspirin or two low-dose baby aspirin is now recommended when experiencing heart attack symptoms
16-16
© 2011 National Safety Council
Nitroglycerin for Heart Attack
• Increases blood flow by dilating arteries
• Often prescribed for angina
- Type of chest pain caused by narrowed coronary arteries
• Comes in tablets, sprays and patches
16-17
© 2011 National Safety Council
Nitroglycerin for Heart Attack continued
• Can assist victim with prescribed nitroglycerine
- Follow victim’s instructions
- Do not attempt to give if victim unresponsive
16-18
© 2011 National Safety Council
First Aid for Heart Attack
1. Call 9-1-1 immediately.
2. Help victim into comfortable position. Loosen any tight clothing.
3. Ask victim about medications.
4. Encourage the victim to chew one uncoated adult or two low-dose baby aspirin (unless allergic).
5. Stay with victim. Be reassuring.
16-19
© 2011 National Safety Council
Call First/Call Fast
Call First (before starting CPR):
• Any unresponsive adult who is not breathing normally
Call Fast (after giving about two minutes of CPR):
• Any infant or child who is unresponsive and not breathing normally
5-20
© 2011 National Safety Council
Use of CPR for unresponsiveness and lack of normal breathing caused by:
• Heart attack
• Drowning
• Suffocation
• Stroke
• Allergic reaction
• Diabetic emergency
• Prolonged seizures
• Drug overdose
• Electric shock
• Certain injuries
5-21
© 2011 National Safety Council
CPR Saves Lives
• CPR and defibrillation within 3-5 minutes can save over 50% of cardiac arrest victims
• CPR followed by AED saves thousands of lives each year
• In most cases CPR helps keep victim alive until EMS or AED arrives
5-22
© 2011 National Safety Council
CPR Technique
If unresponsive and not breathing start CPR with chest compressions:
• Find correct hand position
• Compress chest hard and fast at rate of at least 100 compressions/minute
• Alternate 30 compressions and 2 rescue breaths
• Give each breath over one second
5-23
© 2011 National Safety Council
General Technique: Rescue Breaths
• Position victim on back
• Open airway with head tilt–chin lift
• Use a barrier device
• Give each breath over about one second
• Watch victim’s chest rise
5-24
© 2011 National Safety Council
General Technique: Rescue Breaths continued
• Do not blow harder than needed to make chest rise
• After each breath let air escape and chest fall
• Blowing in too forcefully or for too long may cause vomiting
5-25
© 2011 National Safety Council
Mouth to Barrier
• Barrier device is always recommended
• Position pocket mask or face shield on victim’s face
• Make sure it is sealed to victim’s face
- With face shield, pinch victim’s nose closed when giving breaths
5-26
© 2011 National Safety Council
Potential Problem: Vomiting
• To prevent air from entering stomach and causing vomiting
- Open airway before giving breaths- Watch chest rise as you give breaths- Blow slowly and steadily- Stop each breath when chest rises- Let chest fall after each breath
5-27
© 2011 National Safety Council
Skill: CPR for Adults, Children and Infants (1 Rescuer)
5-28
© 2011 National Safety Council
Assess the Victim
1 Determine that victim is unresponsive and not breathing normally
Have someone call 9-1-1, or call yourself if alone, and get an AED
Begin CPR
5-29
© 2011 National Safety Council
2 Put hand(s) in correct position for chest compressions
5-30
© 2011 National Safety Council
3 Give 30 chest compressions at rate of at least 100 per minute
Then give 2 breaths
5-31
© 2011 National Safety Council
4 Open airway
Give two rescue breaths, each lasting one second
- If first breath does not go in, reposition head and try again- If second breath still does not go in, give care for choking
5-32
© 2011 National Safety Council
5 Continue cycles of 30 compression and two breaths
6 Continue CPR until:
• Victim wakes up
• AED brought to scene and ready to use
• Professional help arrives to take over
• Scene becomes dangerous
• You become too exhausted
5-33
© 2011 National Safety Council
7 If victim starts breathing normally but is unresponsive, put in recovery position and monitor breathing
When AED arrives, start AED sequence
5-34
© 2011 National Safety Council
Compression-Only CPR
• If you cannot or will not give rescue breaths, still give chest compressions
5-35