carsharing and fractional ownership susan shaheen, ph.d. lecturer and co-director, university of...
TRANSCRIPT
Carsharing and Fractional OwnershipSusan Shaheen, Ph.D.
Lecturer and Co-Director, University of California, BerkeleySAP Workshop
February 20, 2013
Overview
• Worldwide overview
• Industry trends & developments
• Carsharing impacts
• New market segments: PVS and one-way
Worldwide & Regional Membership (2006-2012)
2006 2008 2010 2012
South America NaN NaN 110 1500
Australia 1130 5210 12750 25500
Asia 15700 12546 81817 160500
Europe 212124 334168 552868 691943
North America 117656 318838 516100 908584
Worldwide 346610 670762 1163645 1788027
100,000
300,000
500,000
700,000
900,000
1,100,000
1,300,000
1,500,000
1,700,000
1,900,000
Cars
hari
ng M
embe
rs
Worldwide & Regional Fleets (2006-2012)
2006 2008 2010 20120
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
45000
50000
65 255 440 1080608 810
43156155
7,491
10,833
16,779
20,464
3,337
7,50510,420
15,795
11,501
19,403
31,967
43,554
13 60
South America Australia Asia Europe North America Worldwide
2012 Worldwide Census
AsiaAustraliaEuropeN. AmericaS. AmericaWorldwide
Members160,50025,500
691,943908,584
1,5001,788,027
Vehicles6,1551,080
20,46415,795
6043,554
Ratio26.123.633.857.525.041.1
1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
Carsharing Phases in North America
1990
1994 to mid-2002mid-2002 to
late-2007 late-2007 to present
Initial market entry and
experimentation
Growth and market
diversification
Commercial mainstreaming
Industry Trends & Developments
• Continued membership growth
• Mergers and acquisitions
• Continued growth/expansion of multi-national operators, traditional car rental providers, automaker sponsored programs
• Notable developments in one-way carsharing, personal vehicle sharing, and public bikesharing
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012-4
1
6
11
16
21
26
31
1 1 13
5 5
8
109
1211 11 11
13
15
18 18
2019
24
6
13 1315
14
1718
19
24
27 2725 26
-2-1-1 -1
-3-2
-1 -1-2
-1 -1
-3-2-1 -2
-1 -1
North American Carsharing Organizati ons - Closures and Totals
Operational, US Closures, US Operational, CA Closures, CA
State of the Industry – As of July 2012
• U.S. Data:
– 806,332 members / 12,634 vehicles / 26 programs currently reporting
• Canadian Data:
–101,502 members / 3,143 vehicles / 19 programs
N.A. Vehicle Holdings: Key Findings
• Between 9 to 13 vehicles removed, including postponed purchase
• 4 to 6 vehicles/carsharing vehicle sold due to carsharing
• Most shift due to 1 car households becoming carless
• Second largest shift, 2 car households become 1 car households
• 25% sell a vehicle
• 25% postpone vehicle purchase
Martin, Shaheen, Lidicker, 2010
CO2 & Carsharing: Key FindingsNet effect: observed reduction in CO2 emissions
• .75 mt/respondent U.S.• .22 mt/respondent CA• Average .58 mt/respondent (27%
observed and 43% full impact)
Martin, Shaheen, Lidicker, 2010
Personal Vehicle Sharing
• Personal vehicle sharing models first seen in North America in 2001, eGOCarShare, RentMyCar
• Continues to increase in popularity
• As of April 2012, 33 personal vehicle sharing operators worldwide
• Ten active or in pilot phase in North America
Short-term access to privately-owned vehicles
Fractional Ownership
• Individuals sub-lease or subscribe to vehicle owned by a third party
Hybrid P2P-Traditional Carsharing Model
• Individuals access vehicles by joining an organization that maintains its own fleet of vehicles, but also includes private autos, throughout a network of locations
P2P Carsharing
• Employs privately-owned vehicles made temporarily available for shared use by individual or members of P2P company
P2P Marketplace
• Enables direct exchanges between individuals via Internet
4 Types of Personal Vehicle Sharing
Personal Vehicle Sharing in N. America: How to Address Trust Issues
Shaheen, Mallery, and Kingsley, 2012
User R
ating and Feedback
Socia
l Netw
orking
Scre
ening and Selecti
on
Media Cove
rage
Insura
nce
Technology
Marke
ting
Owners' ch
oice of r
enters
Critica
l mass
of use
rsOther
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
Trust Issues
Num
ber
o Re
spon
dent
sn=
22
Acknowledgements• North American carsharing, personal vehicle
sharing, and public bikesharing organizations• Mineta Transportation Institute, San Jose State
University• California Department of Transportation• Adam Cohen, Dr. Elliot Martin, and Dr. Jeff Lidicker,
TSRC, UC Berkeley