Cartography today

Menno-Jan Kraak

• Relevance of Cartography

• About Cartography

• Definition debate

• ICA context / developments

• Maps

• International Map Year

• Definition

• Changing roles

Cartography today

Google maps

Beck's mapMinard's maps

OSMWeather animation

School atlas

• The killer maps…….(innovations that did really matter)

Relevance of cartography

thematic maps

technology

navigation

education

all of u

s

accessa

bility

• ….the art, science, and technology of making and using maps

About Cartography

[ICA Strategic Plan 2003–2011]

Survey Dresden 2013 / 142 entries

[Kraak, M.J., (2014) ICA survey on definitions, in ICA News. Issue 62, pp.7-8]

About Cartography

art

using

making

technology

science

MAPS

CARTOGRAPHY

Tools

Process

• ….the art, science, and technology of making and using maps

About Cartography

Many ‘correct’ design options

data

componentsinvariant

intervalratio

(quantitative)

ordered

nominal(qualitative)

RANGELENGTH

map title

legend differentiationorder

distanceproportion

pointlineareatext

sizevalue

texturecolor

orientationshape

geo

M A P

MEASUREMENT LEVEL PERCEPTUAL PROPERTIES

BASICSYMBOLS

VISUALVARIABLES

• ….the art, science, and technology of making and using maps

About Cartography

Bertin’s Data Analysis

• ….the art, science, and technology of making and using maps

About Cartography

Internet, Displays, Mobile

• ….the art, science, and technology of making and using maps

About Cartography

update coastline

make

Professionals & Crowd

• ….the art, science, and technology of making and using maps

About Cartography

a to b = 50km

use

AB

Everyone

The sustainability of the definition

art usingmakingtechnologyscience

1960 1970 1980 201020001990 2020

The sustainability of the definition

art usingmakingtechnologyscience

1960 1970 1980 201020001990 2020

The sustainability of the definition

art usingmakingtechnologyscience

1960 1970 1980 201020001990 2020

The sustainability of the definition

art usingmakingtechnologyscience

1960 1970 1980 201020001990 2020

The sustainability of the definition

art usingmakingtechnologyscience

1960 1970 1980 201020001990 2020

The sustainability of the definition

art usingmakingtechnologyscience

1960 1970 1980 201020001990 2020

The sustainability of the definition

art usingmakingtechnologyscience

1960 1970 1980 201020001990 2020

The sustainability of the definition

art usingmakingtechnologyscience

1960 1970 1980 201020001990 2020

The elasticity of the definition: push and pull by developments

art usingmakingtechnologyscience

Crowd

Info vis

GIScience

Data Vis

Designers

Internet

GPS

Professionals

D3

• It is simple and clean, and hype-proof

• Developments will play the elasticity of the chain of keywords

• Debate is always possible: • are these the right keywords? • what is meaning of the keywords? • should it be more extensive?

About Cartography

• Do we need a new definition?

• Not likely…..

What about the relation between the definition and activities within ICA over time?

art

using

making

technology

science

MAPS

CARTOGRAPHY

Spatialization of the work of the International Cartographic Society 1993-2013

Oliver Deseoe’s MSc thesis / based on ICC proceedings 1993-2013, with 4922 articles

art

using

making

technology

science

MAPS

CARTOGRAPHY

Spatialization of the work of the International Cartographic Society 1993-2013

Contribution of Commissions and Working Groups to Cartography

Maps and Graphics for Blind and Partially Sighted People Open Source Geospatial Technologies Use, User and Usability Issues

Cognitive Issues in Geographic Information Visualization Education and Training Generalisation and Multiple Representations

Map Production and Geoinformation Management Art and Cartography Cartographic Heritage into the Digital GI for Sustainability

Map Projections Mountain Cartography Topographic Mapping Toponymy Ubiquitous Mapping the History of Cartography

Maps and the Internet SDI and StandardsCartography in Early Warning and Crisis Management Location Based Services

Planetary Cartography Visual Analytics

Atlases

Geospatial Analysis and Modeling Map Design Cartography and Children

art usingmakingtechnologyscience

Sensor-driven Mapping

Contribution of Commissions and Working Groups to Cartography

Maps and Graphics for Blind and Partially Sighted People

Open Source Geospatial Technologies

Use, User and Usability Issues

Cognitive Issues in Geographic Information Visualization Education and Training

Generalisation and Multiple Representations

Map Production and Geoinformation Management

Art and Cartography

Cartographic Heritage into the Digital

GI for Sustainability

Map Projections

Mountain Cartography

Topographic Mapping

Toponymy Ubiquitous Mapping

the History of Cartography

Maps and the Internet

SDI and Standards

Cartography in Early Warning and Crisis Management

Location Based Services

Planetary Cartography

Visual Analytics

Atlases

Geospatial Analysis and Modeling

Map Design Cartography and Children

art usingmakingtechnologyscience

Sensor-driven Mapping

Commissions and Working Groups over time

0

4

8

12

16

20

24

28

32

1964 1968 1972 1976 1980 1984 1987 1991 1995 1999 2003 2007 2011 2015

Commissions Working Groups

• History of the commissions

• Time series of spatialization

• Elasticity of the definition

Link between….

History

Map Production

UseCensus

Quality

Standards

Adv. Technology

AtlassesBlind

Education

HistoryComputer Ass.

Satellite

Urban

Urban

Base map theme

Reg. Planning

Marine

Communication

Census

Map Production

History

Map Production

Standards

Quality

Gender

Visualization

Theory

Use

AtlassesBlind

SatelliteMarine

Census

Map Production

Standards

Gender

Visualization

Theory

AtlassesBlind

SatelliteMarine

Generalization

MountainPlanetaryInternetChildren

Standards

Gender

Visualization

Theory

AtlassesBlind

SatelliteMarine

Generalization

Ubiqutous

Updating

Projections

HeritageUse

Standards

Gender

Visualization

Theory

AtlassesBlind

SatelliteMarine

Generalization

UbiqutousProjections

Society

AnalysisHeritage

Use

History

StandardsVisualization

Theory

AtlassesBlind

Satellite

Generalization

UbiqutousProjections

Society

Analysis

Cognition

Quality

Neocartography

Education

TerminologyAutomation

Education

TerminologyAutomation

Sustainability

Education

TerminologyAutomation

Thematic

Communication

Technology

Education

TerminologyAutomation

Communication

TechnologyHistory

Base Maps

Nat. Recources

Marine

History

Satellite

Urban

Marine

Census

Map ProductionAdv. Technology

Blind

HeritageUse

StandardsVisualization

AtlassesBlind

Sensors

Generalization

UbiqutousProjections

Analysis

ArtEarly Warning

Cognition

LBS

Sustainability

DesignOpen source

Toponomy

Topo Mapping

EducationEducation Education Education EducationEducation Education EducationMap Production Map Production Map ProductionMap Production

HistoryHistory HistoryHistory

Satellite

MountainPlanetaryInternetChildren

MountainPlanetaryInternetChildren

MountainPlanetaryInternetChildren

MountainPlanetaryInternetChildren

ArtEarly WarningSustainability

DesignOpen source

Marine

Marine

Marine

History

ThematicCarlo info

IGU Atlas

IGU AtlasIGU Atlas

Theory

Theory

Map Use

Market

ICA.FIG.ISP

IFLA

IFLAIFLA

Market

GenderGeneralization

Early WarningArt

Open Data

ToponomyUNGGIM

IMYOpen source

TouristAfrica

CrimeCensus

Cartography and maps

art

using

making

technology

science

MAPS

CARTOGRAPHY We do have a definition!

Do we have a definition?

• A map is a symbolised representation of geographical reality, representing selected features or characteristics, resulting from the creative effort of its author’s execution of choices, and is designed for use when spatial relationships are of primary relevance.

Map

[Kraak, M.J., (2014) ICA survey on definitions, in ICA News. Issue 62, pp.7-8]

[ICA Strategic Plan 2003–2011]

Survey Dresden 2013 / 142 entries

[Kraak, M.J., (2014) ICA survey on definitions, in ICA News. Issue 62, pp.7-8]

Something more simple

• A visual representation of the environment

• internal (mental maps) • external (interface to the world)

Map

The International Map Year [ mapyear.org ]

• Design and create maps that are ’authoritative’ and offer insight and support decision making

• Yesterday • Filling gaps to present the essence of the message

• Today • Retrieve the essence and presented interactively in multiple

alternatives allowing the user to interact, change, and ultimately understand

Changes: Cartography and maps

Let’s make the world a better place with maps