carver hindi

8/2/2019 Carver Hindi

1/86

,d Fkk dkoZjoh.kk xko.kdj

fganh vuqokn% la;k HkkVysdj

^vjs] vc mBksxs Hkh fd ugha\* vkt ekstsl pkpk cM+s losjs ls ml NksVs ls yM+ds ds ihNs iM+s FksA vHkh Bhd fnu Hkhughafudyk Fkk] ij pkpk dks pSu dgka\ og NksVklk yM+dk pkpk dh tksjnkj vkokt lqudj gM+cM+kdj mB cSBk vkSj lqurkjgk pqipkiA

^rqEgkjs cjkcj ds nwljs cPps ns[kks fdruk dke djrs gSa] xk; nqgrs gSa] tkuoj laHkkyrs gSa] eqfxZ;ksadh ns[kHkky djrs gSa]ysfdu rqe! ,d rks brus efj;y vkSj ml ij Hkh xwaxs! Hkxoku tkus] D;k gksxk rqEgkjk\*

êr dkslks bls]* lqlku pkph le>kus yxhA ûUgh lh tku] Fkd tkrk gS cspkjk] dy fnuHkj dke tks djrk jgkA vHkhog gS gh fdruk cM+k\*

^gka] HkbZ gkaA lc irk gS eq>sA ysfdu ;g rks crkvks] esjh enn djsxk dkSu\ gS gh D;k esjs ikl] u iSlk u tk;nkn! [ksrksaesabl ckj cqvkbZHkh rks Bhd ls ugha gqbZvkSj ,sls gh cSBs jgs rks [kM+h iQly Hkh tkrh jgsxhA* ekstsl pkpk ukjktxh lscM+cM+k,A

^ns[kks] u fny NksVk djks vkSj u bruh fiQ djksA Hkxoku dh ik ls lc Bhd gh gksxkA ;g NqVdk Hkh ns[kuk] dSlkrxM+k gks tk,xk dqN gh fnuksaesaA*

^gka] 'kk;n gks gh tk;s rqEgkjs dgus lsA ,d gh ?kksM+k Fkk] og Hkh xaok;k blds fy,A*

ckr ;wagqbZ FkhA vesfjdk ds felksjh jkT; esaMk;eaM xzkso cLrh esaekstsl dkoZj dk ,d teZu fdlku viuh iRuh lwlkuds lkFk jgrk FkkA mlds ikl êsjh* uke dh ,d xqyke uhxzks L=kh FkhA ekstsl dkoZj us Jh xzsV ls mls 700 Mkyj esa[kjhnk

FkkA vly esaekstsl dkoZj dks xqykeh fcydqy ilan ughaFkhA balkuksadks [kjhnuk csapuk mUgas vekuoh; yxrk FkkA ysfdu[ksrhckM+h dh ns[kHkky vkSj vdsyh tku iRuh dh enn ds fy, dksbZ lkFk gks blfy, [kjhnk Fkk mUgk saus êsjh* dksA vius?kj ds ikl gh ,d ydM+h dh dksBjh cuk;h Fkh mlds fy,A esjh dk ifr ,d ckxkuokys ds ;gka ydM+h dkVus ds dkeij etnwjh djrk FkkA dHkh&dHkkj og viuh iRuh ls feyus vkrk FkkA ,d fnu esjh dks [kcj feyh fd nks ekg igys ,dnq?kZVuk es amldk ifr ekjk x;kA xqykeh dh ftanxhA [kcj igqaph ;gh dkiQh FkkA

esjh ds ifr dh e`R;q ds vk?kkr ls os yksx vHkh laHky Hkh ughaik, Fks fd vpkud ,d jkr esjh dh ph[kksals lkjk?kj pkSad mBkA ;g ?kVuk lu 1860&62 dh gSA mu fnuksaxqykeksa dks pqjkdj] Hkxkdj fiQj ls caspus dk /a/k cM+s tksjksaijFkkA ,slh gh ,d Vksys dh utj êsjh* ij Fkh vkSj ml jkr Mk;eaM xzkso ij Nkik ekjdj esjh dks os yksx mBk ys x;s FksAesjh dh ph[ksalqudj ekstsl pkpk viuh canwd mBkdj mldh dksBjh dh rjiQ nkSM+s ysfdu nsj gks pqdh FkhA grk'k gksdj

[kM+s jgs os] ?kksM+ks dh dh vkoktsalqurs gq,] yxkrkj nwj tkrh gqbZ Vkiksadh vkoktsaAlwlku pkph vk;haA esjh dh dksBjh ds ikl tkus dh fgEer ughaFkh muesaA fdlh rjg ,d&nwljs dk vk/kj tqVkdj nksuksa

cspkjs dksBjh ds ikl igqapsA esjh dh cgu cqjh rjg ls ?kk;y Fkh vkSj viuh vk[kjh lkalsa fxu jgh FkhA cM+k csVk fte dksBjhds ,d va/sjs dksus esafNik cSBk FkkA esjh vkSj mlds nks eghus ds cPps dks mBk;k x;k FkkA

mlh jkr xkao ls vkSj Hkh uhxzks xqyke Hkxk, x, FksA dkoZj us xkaookyksadh enn ls esjh vkSj mlds cPps dks NqM+kus dscgqr iz;kl fd,A muds cnys viuh tehu dk ,d fgLlk nsuk pkgk] viuk cf


2/86

tkrk FkkA esjh ds nqykjs dks laHkkyus esa pkph th&tku yxh gqbZ FkhA vkf[kjdkj mudh ftn vkSj esgur dk urhtk fn[kkbZnsus yxkA nsj ls gh lgh] og pyus yxk] FkksM+k dqN [kkus yxkA ysfdu ckj&ckj mBusokys ne?kksaVw[kkalh us mldk Loj;a=k,dne fcxkM+dj j[k fn;k FkkA ml xwaxs cPps dh ekadk D;k gqvk fdlh dks dHkh dqN irk ugha pykA cfrh FkhA

vesfjdk dk x`g;q vc lekfIr ij FkkA xqykeh dks dkuwuh rkSj ij lekIr dj fn;k x;k FkkA vkilh >xM+s iQlknksadsdkj.k fc[kjk gqvk lkekftd thou vc /hjs&/hjs iVjh ij vk jgk FkkA yksx [ksrh ckM+h ds dke esayx x;s FksA ,d vlsZds ckn 'kakfrdky dh iQqjlr ik;h Fkh mu yksxksa usA ;q dh cjcknh ls fudydj thou vc dqN&dqN f[kyus yxk FkkAMk;eaM xzkso vkSj vklikl dh vks>kdZdh igkfM+;ksaij cgkj Nk jgh FkhA iQyksa&iQwyksals lth bu igkfM+;ksadh Nkao esa dkoZj

dk nqykjk cgqr gh [kq'k FkkA og vc ukS&nl lky dk gks x;k FkkA dkoZj pkpk dk cxhpk mlh ds ftEes FkkA og Hkh cM+s'kkSd ls bl dke dks fuHkkrk vkSj bl dke dks djus dk vyko Fkk mlsA ikl iM+ksl dh >kfM+;ksa ls u,&u, ikS/s ykrk vkSjmUgsa ekstsl pkpk ds cxhps esa yxkdj mudh ns[kHkky esatqV tkrkA dHkh ughadbZD;kjh cukrk] dHkh fdlh ikS/s dks/wiokys dksus esayxkrkA mldk gkFk yxrs gh ikS/s tSls f[ky mBrs] lkjs cxhps dk dk;kiyV gks tkrkA og mldk viukdke FkkA

dkoZj ifjokj dh u;h iM+ksflu Jherh E;qyj pkph ds ikl vk;h Fkh xi'ki ds fy,A bruk lqanj cxhpk ns[kdj oks ,dnegSjku jg x;haA fdrus gh ikS/s rks muls igpkurs Hkh ugha cusA mudh iwNrkN ls rax vkdj vkf[kjdkj pkph us viusekyhckck dks cqyk;k vkSj os NksVs ekyhckck xquxqukrs gq, vkdj [kM+s gq,A

^D;kssaHkbZA vki rks dg jgh Fkha] xwaxk gS] cksyuk Hkh ughavkrk] vkSj ;g rks xhr xquxquk jgk gSA* 'kq: gks x;haJherh E;qyj!^lpeqp xwaxk gS ogA nks&pkj 'kCnksa ds vykok T;knk ughacksy ikrkA ysfdu iQwy] iRrs] ikS/ksavkSj uUgsa&uUgsa vadqjkas ds

ikl gksrk gS rks ,sls gh [kq'k gksdj xquxqukrk jgrk gSA bldh eka ,slh gh xhr xquxquk;k djrh FkhA* pkph rks [kks x;h viuhvHkkxh ^esjh* dh ;knksaesaA

NksVk ekyh vkSj mldk og] vn~Hkqr cxhpk ns[kdj iM+kslu vk'p;Zls nax jg x;haA mlus NksVs dks cgqr ljkgkA ysfduog NksVk yM+dk cM+h gh ijs'kkuh esa iM+ x;k FkkA D;k okdbZ;s yksx ikS/ksa ds ckjs esatkurs Hkh gSa\ dHkh ;ku nsrs gSa\ ;kfliQZ ;wa gh fn[kkok djrs gSa\

ekstsl pkpk Hkh vc bl yM+ds ds fujkysiu dks tku x;s FksA mldh vk'p;Ztud iSuh fujh{k.k 'kfDr dk vanktk mUgsa

gks pyk FkkA isM+&ikS/ksadh tjk&tjk lh ckr] NksVh ls NksVh bYyh Hkh mldh utj ls cp ugha ldrh FkhA ?kj vkaxu dsikS/s mldh fuxjkuh esa fcydqy lqjf{kr FksA cgqr [kq'k jgrs Fks ekstsl pkpk mllsA

bl ,dkdh vcksys yM+ds dk fe=k ifjokj Hkh vthcks&xjhc FkkA taxy dh >M+csjh] isM+&ikS/s] NksVs&NksVs ia[ksjQ] ryS;kdh NksVh eNfy;ka ;s Fkha mldh laxh&lkFkhA dHkh&dHkh budh otg ls pkpk ls MkaV&MiV Hkh lquuh iM+rh Fkh mls] HkwysHkVds ,dk/ pir Hkh jlhn gks tkrh Fkh] fiQj Hkh bu fe=kksa ls nwj ughajgk tkrk Fkk mllsA ,d ckj rks mlus lw[ks iRrs]?kkl] /kxs vkSj Mksfj;ksals bruk laqnj vkSj gwcgw ?kksalyk cuk;k Fkk fd fdlh dks fo'okl gh ughagksrk Fkk fd ;g gkFk lscuk;k x;k gSA

NksVs ekyh dk eu bu iQwy&iRrksa esathotarqvksa esa,sls jerk Fkk fd mls vkliM+ksl dk [;ky Hkh ughajgrk FkkA NksVk

lk vadqj] uUgha dksiy] tjk lh bYyh] nhed dksbZHkh pht mls ?kaVksa cgyk;s j[krhA bu fujh{k.k ls mls tkus fdruh ghckrksa dk irk pyrkA isM+&ikS/s ekuksamlls ckrsa djrs FksA vius nq[k nnZbl NksVs ekyh rd igqapkus dh Hkk"kk muds chp


3/86

dk;e gks x;h FkhA mlesa vkSj ikS/ksaesadksbZ iQdZughajg tkrk FkkA rc ekstsl dgrs] ^ikS/ksadh ns[kHkky dSls djuh pkfg,]muds eu dh ckrsa dSls le>uh pkfg,] ;s dksbZblls lh[ksA*

vM+ksl&iM+ksl ds yksx mls NksVk ekyh dgrsA bl NksVs ekyh dks nwljksads cxhpksads isM+&ikS/ksa dh nok&nk: djus dsfy, fdrus gh cqykos vkrsA fiQj ;s uUgsaMkDVj ckcw mu ikS/ksadk bykt djus tkrs FksA fdlh ikS/s dh txg cnyus dh

t:jr gksrh] fdlh D;kjh dh feV~Vh dh xqM+kbZdjus dh vko';drk gksrh] rks fdlh ikS/s dks rst /wi ls cpkuk gksrk FkkANksVs ekyh ckck dk gkFk yxrs gh tSls tknwdh NM+h py tkrh] ckx dk :i gh cny tkrkk FkkA bu dkeksads dkj.k ekyhckck ds vuqHkoksadh xBjh Hkh c esa vkrh FkhA csu;ke pkph dqN Bhdls le> ughaik;h] blfy,] blfy, [kqn ckgj tkdj ns[k vk;hA xqykc ds ikS/ksa dh txg cny nh x;h Fkh vkSj ,slh txgyxk, Fks tgkamUgsafnu Hkj lh/h lkiQ /wi fey ldrh FkhA [kq'k gksdj pkph us ekyh ckck dks 'kkcklh nh vkSj lkFk es a,d flDdk HkhA eqV~Bh esa flDdk fy,] og py iM+k okil ?kj dh vksj] ysfdu vc mlds fnekx esau rks os xqykc Fks

u gh og flDdkA ogka rks vc ukp jgh Fkh os jaxhu rLohjsaA?kj vkdj lwlku pkph ds ihNs iM+ x;k ogA rax dj Mkyk loky iwN&iwN djA fiQj cSBd [kkus dh jaxhu rLohjsa

fn[kykdj u;s&u;s loky iwNus yxkA mldh v/dpjh ckrsaHkh pkph le> ysrh FkhaA mUgksaus mls jax vkSj js[kkvksads ckjsesale>k;kA cl vc D;k Fkk] ,d vkSj u;h ckr gkFk vk x;h FkhA >kfM+;ksads >qjeqVs ds ,dkar esa ;g ekyh ckck iQwy]iQy] iRrs dwV&ihldj jax fupksM+rs vkSj iafN;ksads ia[kksa ds cz'k cukdj rLohjsajaxrsA f[kM+fd;ksads VwVs 'kh'ks] ydM+h dhifV;k vkSj vxj dqN Hkh u tqVs rks iRFkjksa ij ;g fp=kdkjh djrsA

mldk cM+k HkkbZfte vc rd ,d vPNk gV~Vk&dV~Vk rxM+k toku gks x;k FkkA fte ekstsl pkpk ds lkFk [ksrh&fdlkuhds esgur ds dke djrk FkkA ysfdu NksVk HkkbZnqcyk&iryk] detksj gksus dh otg ls ?kj esa gh jgrk FkkA lwlku pkph ds

vkxs&ihNs ?kwek djrkA viuh iSuh utj ls pkph ds lkjs dke ns[krk jgrkA mudk ek secRrh cukuk] peM+k dekuk] mudhdrkbZ&cqukbZ] pwYgksadh fyikbZ&iqrkbZ vkSj rks vkSj McyjksVh] fcLdqV] iqfMax cukuk] elkys cukuk] dqN Hkh rks ughaNwVrk Fkkmldh utj ls] ns[krk vkSj [kqn Hkh vius gkFkksals cukrkA pkph lksprh] pyks vkSj dke rks blds cl dk gS ugha] ;gh dkelh[k ys rks D;k gtZgSA pkph mls lkjs dke vPNh rjg ls le>krh] reke ckjhfd;ksa ds lkFk fl[kkrhaA 'kDdj vkSj dkWiQh;s nks gh phtsaos yksx [kjhnrs Fks] ckdh vkSj phtksadk cankscLr os yksx Lo;a djrsA fdruh gh phtsapkph vius gkFkksa ls?kj ij cukrh FkhaA NksVk Hkh cgqr dqN lh[k x;k] ekfgj gks x;kA dkoZj ifjokj vPNk [kkrk&ihrk ?kj Fkk ysfdu euekuh ughapyrh Fkh] vuq'kklu okyk ?kj Fkk] lc dke rjhds ls] dk;ns ls gksrs FksA cpiu ls og ;g ns[krk vk;k Fkk] muds eu ijbu ckrksadk xgjk vlj gks jgk FkkA oSls Hkh dkoZj ifjokj us bu nksuksa Hkkb;ksa ds lkFk dHkh Hkh uhxzks xqykeksadh rjg cjrkoughafd;k FkkA pkgrs rks os nksuksadghaHkh tkus ds fy, Lora=k FksA ysfdu ;s nks cspkjs vukFk tho tkrs Hkh rks dgka tkrs\

ekstsl dkoZj vkSj lwlku pkph ;s nks gh lgkjs Fks muds vkSj mUghsads lgkjs os th jgs FksAFkksM+k cM+k gksus ds ckn fte Mk;eaM xzkso NksM+dj viuk ulhc vktekus ds fy, ckgj fudy iM+kA yskfdu NksVk dgha


4/86

ughax;kA ogha ij jgkA mldh lPPkkbZ] fouezrk] bZekunkjh ns[kdj dkoZj ifjokj us mldk ukedj.k fd;kZ ^tktZ*] egku usrktktZ okWWf'kaxVu ds ukeA NksVss dk s vc tktZdgus yxs lcA ^xwaxk*] ^NksVk* ^ekyh ckck* bu lcdh txg og vc ^tktZ*dgykus yxkA

tktZ ds detksj LokLF; ds dkj.k lwlku pkph mls dghanwj Hkstus ds fy, jkth ughagksrh FkhaA mudh esjh dk nqykjk

Fkk ogA tktZHkh dgha nwj ugha tkuk pkgrk FkkA mldh ekads ckjs esa fuf'pr :i ls dqN irk rks Fkk ughaA tktZ lksprk]D;k irk] dHkh vpkud ekaokil vk;s rks\ ekadh okilh dh mEehn esa og viuh dksBjh Hkh jkst >kM+&iksaNdj lkiQ j[krkFkk] eka ds Lokxr ds fy,A

dHkh&dHkh lwlku pkph ls og viuh ekads ckjs esa iwNrkA ^esjh* dh ;kn ls pkph dk xyk jQa/ tkrkA os dgrha] ^rqEgkjheka] cgqr vPNh Fkh] cgqr xq.koku] fcYdqy rqEgkjh rjgA rqEgkjh gh rjg dke djrs le; viuh ehBh vkokt esadqNxquxqukrh jgrhA dke djus esa ,dne rst] pqLrA mls fy[kuk&i


5/86

^gka] fcYdqy gksxk] Hkxoku rks ekywe u gks ,slk bl nqfu;k esadqN gS gh ughaA* pkpk cksysA

^,slk\ rks eSavHkh tkrk gwa vkSj Hkxoku ls gh iwNrk gwaA* ,d Nykax yxkdj nkSM+rs gq, tktZus dgkA ekstsl pkpk xqLlsls Hkj mBsA tktZdks fpYykdj okil cqykus gh okys Fks fd pkph us jksdk] le>k;k] ^tkus nks mlsA*

^vjs] tkus D;k nks\ ,slh maMrk vPNh ughaA ,dne xyr ckr gSA Hkxoku ds ckjs esa ,sls ckr djrk gS tSls fd Hkxokublds njokts ij vkdj [kM+s gq, gksaA

^'kk;n oSlk gh gksA* pkph cksyh] ^lwlk + + + u] vjs! rqe Hkh + + +\*

ekstsl pkpk lksp esa iM+s x,A fiQj /hjs&/hjs cksys] ^'kk;n rqe Bhd gh dg jgh FkhA ysfdu mls vc is vPNh yxrh gSA* tktZ ds gkFkksadks vius gkFkksaesaysdj mldh yach&yach maxfy;ksadks I;kj ls lgykdj ;k;xj lkgc us dgk] ^vlyh ekyh ds iSnkb'kh gkFk gSa;g] fliQZNwysus ls lathouh nsusokysA*


6/86

;k;xj lkgc us dkoZj ls dgk] êkyh ckck rks ,dne NksVs ls gSavkSj vki dg jgs Fks fd vaxwj csyksadh ns[kHkky dhgSA*

ekstsl pkpk us fiQj tktZdh iwjh dgkuh ;k;xj lkgc dks lquk;h vkSj dgk] ûhxzks fliQZviuh esgur&etwjh ij gh thldrk gS vkSj ;g rks dHkh Hkh rkdrokyk rxM+k toku ughacu ldsxkA gkyakfd eSaus bls iw.kZLora=krk ns j[kh gS] ysfdu

;g eq>s NksM+dj dghatk gh ugha ldrkA ckgj dh nqfu;k esa blds fy, jksth&jksVh dekuk Hkh eqf'dy gks tk,xkA*;k;xj lkgc le> x;sA mUgksaus fiQj tktZ dks dbZckrsafl[kykbZA vaxwj dk dye djuk fl[kk;kA dye djus ls vaxwjksa

dh xq.koRrk esa lq/kj dSls gksrk gS] ;g le>k;kA

êSa vaxwjksa dh cfkfM+;ksadh rjg ouLifr;ksa dh rjg rqe Hkh vdsys

rks gks ysfdu ml n;kfuf/ izHkqus rqEgsa l`tu'khy gkFk fn, gSaA esjh gh rjg rqe fo/krk dk vkns'k ekuksA mlds fuekZ.k dk;Zesalg;ksx djksA*

^tktZdks ;kn vk jgk Fkk] ekstsl pkpk ls lquk gqvk] ckbcy dk opu] ^;g Hkwfe fo/krk dh gSA*

okilh dk le; gqvkA ;k;xj lkgc dh ckrksals tktZds eu esa tSls pkanuh f[ky mBh FkhA fdruh gh u;h ckrksadsckjs esa mls vkt irk pyk FkkA ,d u;h uosyh nqfu;k ns[k vk;k Fkk ogA ekstsl pkpk Hkh lksp jgs Fks ;k;xj lkgc dhckrksa dks nqgjk jgs FksA mUgsa Hkh rks fdruh u;h ckrksadk Kku feyk FkkA bruk vPNk ekxZn'kZu feyk Fkk ysfdu vc cM+h nsjgks x;h FkhA ekstsl pkpk rks vc cwk;haA ;k;xj lkgc us xkao esa] ûsvks'kks* esa uhxzks cPpksa dk Ldwy FkkA mUgksaustktZ ls iwNk] ^vkt ge yksx tgkax;s Fks] ml fuvks'kks xkao esa uhxzks cPpksadk Ldwy gS] rqe tkvksxs bl Ldwy esa\* tktZpqi jgkA dqN dgus dh vko';drk gh ugh FkhA mlh le; og le> x;k fd vc dkoZj ifjokj NksM+dj nwj tkuk gSAckgjh nqfu;k esavius cwrs ij pyuk gSA ^lkjh /jrh esjh gSA esjs firk ds dk;Z esalg;ksx nsus ds fy, vc esjh ckjh vk;hgSA*

,d grs ckn tktZfiQj ,d ckj fuvks'kks dh jkg ij py jgk FkkA ysfdu bl ckj og vdsys] iSny gh jkLrk dkV jgkFkkA ekstsl pkpk lkFk vkus okys Fks ysfdu vpkud ,d cNM+k chekj gks x;k vkSj pkpk lkFk ughavk ldsA

tktZ ds ikl Ldwy dh ;wfuiQkeZgksus dk loky gh ugha mBrk FkkA ysfdu lwlku pkph vkSj Jherh E;wyj us feydjmlds diM+ksa dk cankscLr dj fn;k FkkA dkaVNkaV dh gqbZ ,d irywu] ,d iqjkuk 'kky vkSj fiQj ;k;xj lkgc dh nh gqbZfdrkc] iqjkuh o.kZekyk] Vgfu;kadkVus dk NksVk pkdw vkSj nks cM+s&cM+s lsc! vkSj gka] ,d tksM+h twrs Hkh feys Fks ysfdu jkLrsdh /wy ls dgha [kjkc u gks tk,] blfy, mUgsa cka/dj mlus vius da/s ij yVdk j[ks FksA bu lc phtksa ds vykok mldsikl Fkk E;wyj pkph dk fn;k gqvk ,d Mk Wyj] iwjk ,d MkWyj] mldh igyh udn dekbZA

;s rS;kfj;katc py jghaFkharc fte Hkh vk;k] tktZls feyus tkus dh ckr lqudj mlus tktZls dgk] ^vkjke ls jksVhNksM+dj D;ksa nwj tk jgs gks\ o.kZekyk ds v{kj lh[k fy,] cl gks x;kA*

^fliQZv{kj lh[k ysus ls D;k i


7/86

okyh ckr Fkh Hkh ughaA pkph us mls fonk djrs le; dgk] ^dksbZcM+k lk ?kj us ds fy, rS;kjA ysfdu Ldwy jkst tkrk FkkA mlds cksyusesavc dkiQh lq/kj FkkA vVduk Hkh de gks x;k FkkA ysfdu vkokt! og oSlh gh lkrosalqj esa FkhA fdjfdjkiu vo';de gks x;k FkkA

usvks'kks dh og lfnZ;katktZftanxh Hkj ugha HkwykA gfM~M;kard te tk, ,slh tkuysok lnhZA jkst tkxus ij tktZlksprkfd jkr dh lnhZls og dSls cpkA ,d Hk;kud BaM es avUu ds vHkko esa] xje diM+ksa ds fcuk Hkh tktZ ejk ugha] ;g

,d vk'p;Zgh gSA ysfdu og ftank jgk] [kwu tek nsus okyh ml BaM ds ifj.kke vkxs dh iwjh ftanxh lgrs gq, Hkh ogft;k ;g fuf'pr!

clar dk ekSle vk;kA mu fnuksaclar vkrs gh uhxzks cPpksads Ldwyksa esa NqfV~V;kagks tkrh Fkharkfd [ksrksaesacqvkbZ dsdkeksa esacPpksa dh enn gks ldsA NqfV~V;ksa esa D;k djuk gS ;f tktZ dc ls lksp jgk FkkA mls rks cLrh ds ckgj fudyusokys ;k;xj lkgc ls feyuk FkkA mUgsa crkuk Fkk fd mudh nh gqbZfdrkc i


8/86

cxhps ls dSls okil vk;k] xkao rd dSls igqapk] eq>s ml le; dqaN le> esa ugh vk;k vkSj ckn esaHkh eSadHkh le>ughaik;kA*

jkst gh dh rjg Fkdkekank tktZlks jgk Fkk fd vpkud fdlh ds >d>ksM+ dj txkus ls uhan VwVhA lkeus xkS'kkyk dsekfyd dks ns[k tktZdks yxk] cl vc ;g fBdkuk Hkh x;kA vc rks ekfyd ds gkFkksaekj [kkuh iM+sxh ,slk lkspdj Mj

ds ekjs cqjh gkyr gks x;hA Fkds gkjs] Hkw[ks tktZus tksj ls xyk iQkM+dj jksuk 'kq: dj fn;kAysfdu gqvk dqN vkSj ghA txkusokyk ekjus ughavk;k FkkA mlus rks tktZdks I;kj ls vius ikl cqyk;k] le>k;k] ^vjs

jks;ks ugha] eSa rqEgsa ek:axk FkksM+s gh] ;gka D;ksalks, gks\ dkSu gks rqe\ ;gkadSls vk,\*

,d rks igys gh vVd&vVd dj cksyuk] ml ij ckj&ckj meM+ iM+usokyh jQykbZ] fgpfd;ksa ds chp tSls&rSls tktZus viuh dgkuh mls lqukbZA ml Hkys vkneh us tktZdks /hjt ca/k;k] dgk] ^tkvks] Mjks ugha] esjs lkFk pyksA*

ml Hkys vkneh dk uke Fkk tkWu ekfVZuA tktZ dks ysdj tkWu vius ?kj vk;kA ml ?kj esa] lkiQ&lqFkjh Vscy ij] tkusfdrus eghuksa ds ckn tktZus [kkuk [kk;kA HkjisV [kkuk vkSj lksus ds fy, ,d [kfV;kA Hkjs isV uhan dSls cf


9/86

yxrk FkkA tSls&tSls og cM+k gksrk x;k] izfr esalek, bZ'oj dk lkgp;Zmls vkSj vf/d Hkkus yxkA izfr dk lkfUu;gh mldh lq[k dh dYiuk FkhA ogkamls cgqr vkuan vkSj 'kakfr feyrh FkhA

;g ckr ekfVZu nEifRr dh utjksals fNih ughaA mUgksaus Hkh tktZls ckj&ckj ppZtkus dk vkxzg djuk NksM+ fn;kA ysfdumldk vdsykiu nwj djus dh ckr lkspdj mls vM+ksl&iM+ksl ds cPpksads lkFk eNyh idM+us ds fy, HkstkA tkrs le;

rks tktZcM+k gh [kq'k gksdj lc ds lkFk unh ij x;kA ysfdu tc cPpksaus dkaVs esadsapq, vVdkdj ikuh esa Mkyus 'kq:fd, rks og HkM+d mBkA mlus lc dkaVsaikuh ls fudky fy, vkSj fpYykus yxk] ^vxj rqe yksx bu NksVs&NksVs dsapqvksadksekjksxs rks bZ'oj rqEgsaltk nsaxsA*

vkSj fiQj og vdsyk eNyh] unh lc NksM+dj >kfM+;ksaesapyk x;k fiQj ls viuh vdsyh nqfu;k esaA

iwjk lky chr x;kA tktZ fu;fer :i ls Ldwy tkrk FkkA Ldwy esamldk eu je x;k FkkA mldk fujkykiu fNirk rksughaFkk ysfdu vc mls dksbZfp


10/86

^ughaa! eq>s oks Hkh ughacuuk gSA eq>s dqN vkSj gh cuuk gSA* & tktZds dgkA

^vjs! vkSj gh ls D;k eryc gS rqEgkjk!* pkpk us iwNkA

^;g ns[kks] eq>s ,slk dqN cuuk gSA ,slk dke djuk gSA*

vkSj fiQj tktZus mu yksxksadks ,d pht fn[kkbZA ydM+h ds ,d fpdus ifV;s ij xqykc dk iQwy cuk;k Fkk] ydM+hrjk'k dj] tktZus cgqr fnuksa rd ml ij esgur dh gksxhA ml lqanj] uktqd uiQhl uDdk'kh dks ns[kdj ,aMh pkpk cM+s[kq'k gks x;sA mUgsa fo'okl gks x;k fd lpeqp ;g yM+dk vkSjksa ls fujkyk gSA mUgksaus tktZ ls dgk] ^rqe pkgks tks dqN cuks]^dksbZ cM+s* vo'; cuksxsA*

tktZ dk Ldwy ekfj;k cqvk ds ?kj ds fcYdqy ikl gh Fkk blfy, cqvk dks ?kj ds dke esa enn djuk tktZds fy,vc vklku gks x;k FkkA chp dh NqV~Vh esa?kj vkdj tktZ ,dk/ dke fucVk ldrk FkkA

mu fnuksamlus D;k ugha fd;k! fdlh ds ?kj vkaxu dh liQkbZrks fdlh ds cxhps dh ns[kHkky dhA dghapwYgs ds fy,ydM+h rksM+dj nh] rks fdlh ds ;gkadiM+s /ks,A tks feyk ogh dke] tks dqN ik;k mlh nke esa!

;s lu 1870 ls 1880 ds chp dh ?kVuk,agSaA mu fnuksauhxzks cPpksadks fdlh dh enn ulhc ughagksrh FkhA fdrkcsa

rd ughafeyrh Fkha vkSj [kjhnuk cM+k gh eqf'dy dke FkkA fdrkcsa[kjhnuk tktZds cl dh ckr ughaFkhA fdrkcksa ds fy,mls ges'kk nwljksadh n;k ij fuHkZj jguk iM+rk Fkk vkSj fiQj bl dtZdks pqdkus ds fy, dke Hkh djuk iM+rkA dHkh fdlhds vkaxu dh liQkbZ rks fdlh ds ?kj ij ydM+h dkVhA

fnu ,sls gh chr jgs FksA usvks'kh ds Ldwy esa ftruh i


11/86

ekal dh djkjh egd ls lkjk jlksbZ?kj Hkj mBk FkkA cspkjk tktZ! ,d rks Hkw[ks isV! ml ij bruk yack iSny liQjA djkjslsads ekal dh egd ls mldh Hkw[k vkis ls ckgj gksus yxhA bruk lk yM+dk] cM+h eqf'dy ls mlus vius vki dks laHkkyk]eu dks le>k;kA vxj dqN dj fn[kkuk gS rks ;gh ,d ekSdk gSA 'kk;n jgus [kkus dk izca/ gks tk,A mlus isu pkph dsfn, gq, lkeku ls [kkuk cuk;kA isu pkph dks [kkuk ilan vk;k vkSj tktZds dke djus dk lkiQ lqFkjk


12/86

iQksVZ LdkWV dk okbYMj gkml bykdk cM+h pgy&igy okyk fgLlk FkkA ogka dke&/a/s okyksadh HkhM+ yxh jgrh FkhAdUlkl ls lIrkg esarhu ckj vkus okyh xkfM+;ka Hkh ogka jQdrh FkhaA ;kf=k;ksa dh HkhM+] etnwjks ds Bsdsnkj vkSj tkuojksa dsO;kikfj;ksa dk vM~MkA blhfy, tktZdks bl foHkkx esadke feyus dh xqatkb'k FkhA tktZ us ogka,d /ksch dh nqdku 'kq:dhA ,d gksVy dh vkM+ es aVijs esa viuk Msjk tek;kA eqlkfiQjksa dks /wy vkSj ilhus ls xans diM+s lkiQ&lqFkjs vkSj bL=kh

djds feyus yxsA bl lgwfy;r ls eqlkfiQj [kq'k gks tkrs vkSj tktZHkh viuk [kpkZ fuHkkus yk;d iSls dek ysrkA bl/ksch dh nqdku ds dkj.k gksVy dk Hkh uke gksus yxkA vr% gksVy ds ekfyd us tktZdks cjkens esatxg ns nhA

gksVy dh egjkftu tktZ ds fy, dke krkALdwy esa,d ckj f'kf{kdk Hkwxksy i


13/86

tktZ vc fp=kdyk lh[kus yxkA ml lky dk flel cM+k vPNk chrkA Jherh ykax us tktZdks okVj dyj dh iwjhckDl buke nh FkhA

rhu lky chr x;sA tktZ vc izxfr ds iFk ij FkkA xehZdh NqfV~V;kaa 'kq: gqbZaA

okbZYMj gkml ds ;kf=k;ksadh vkilh ckrphr ls tktZdks nwljs bykdksa ds ckjs esa tkudkjh feyhA mlds eu esa viuh

gh /jrh ds fofHkUu :i ns[kus dh bPNk tkx mBhA nwljs izns'k ns[kus dh ;g pkg mls cspSu djus yxhA og lksprk] ^bZ'ojdh cuk;h bl /jrh dk gj :i ns[kuk gksxk] rHkh rks vlyh ek;us esabl l`f"V dh igpku gksxhA*

cl! vc fu.kZ; gks x;k FkkA

if'pe fn'kk esa ce cjlus okyh cjlkrA bu lc ;knksads lgkjs og ml dM+h /wi dk lkeuk djrkA fnu rirs Fks] ysfdu [kqys vkdk'krys jkrsa'khry lqgkuh gqvk djrh FkhaA f[kyh gqbZ pkanuh lkjs nq[kksa dks feVk nsrhA Fkdku Hkxk nsrh] vkus okys fnu ls tw>usds fy, rS;kj dj nsrhA

bl Bsds ds dke dks iwjk djus ds ckn tktZvkSj lqnwj if'pe dh ;k=kk ij py iM+kA

bl ;k=kk esamls tks Hkh dke feyk og dke fd;k] viuh jksVh rks [kqn gh dekuh FkhA mlus ekyh dk dke fd;k] cks>qaM ds >qaM tek gksus yxsA muesa ls nks&pkj tuks aus feydj ,d cM+s vykodh rS;kjh dh] vkSj fiQj\ ogka ds dSn[kkus ls ,d uhxzks dSnh dks idM+ dj ys vk;sA yk;s Hkh rks dSls] ekjrs&ihVrsA vcyqgkj dh HkV~Vh ls vaxkjs ys tk;s x;s] vkx tyk;h x;h] vyko dh yiVsanwj ls Hkh fn[kkbZnsus yxhaA igys rks D;k gks jgkgS] ;g ckr tktZ dh le> esaughavk;h] ysfdu fiQj mls yxk fd dqN vuFkZgksus okyk gSA lkal lw[kus yxh] tku xysrd vk x;hA

mQaph mBus okyh yiVksads mtkys esa ml uhxzks dSnh dh n;uh; eqnzk fn[k tkrh FkhA og ckj&ckj fourh dj jgk Fkk]jksrk&fcy[krk iSjksaiM+ jgk Fkk] izk.kksa dh Hkh[k ekax jgk Fkk vkSj os lc\ os lc mls vkx dh rjiQ /dsy jgs FksA og uhxzksdSnh vc tku cpkus dh vkf[kjh dksf'k'k dj jgk FkkA mldh og vlgk; NViVkgV nss[kdj os jk{kl gal jgs Fks] [kq'k gks

jgs FksA vkSjrsaHkh 'kkfey Fkha] vius NksVs cPpksads lkFk ysdj] da/ksa ij fcBkdj] ,fM+;kampdk dj cPpksa dks fn[kyk jghFkha! mUgsa Hkh rks ns[kuk pkfg,!

vkf[kj lcus feydj ml dSnh dks vkx esaiQsad gh fn;kA mlus tyrs vyko ls ckgj vkus dh dksf'k'k dh] fiQj ls/dsyk x;kA vkx dh yiVksads mtkys esa mldh djQ.k eqnzk ckj&ckj fn[k tkrhA ml psgjs dh djQ.kk tktZdks varj rdrd rM+ik x;hA dkys jax dk eryc vkt le> esa vk;kA blls igys Hkh mls vius dkys jax dk vglkl Fkk] ysfdu mlusmlesadksbZfo"kerk vuqHko ughadh FkhA iQwy ughagksrs fHkUu jaxksa ds] iRrksa esa ughagksrs vyx&vyx jax\ iQwy] iRrs] iaNh]lHkh esagksrs gSavusd jax oSls gh balkuksa esa] dqN dkys dqN xksjsA vkf[kj peM+s ds jax dk gh rks iQdZA

ysfdu ugha] ckr fliQZbruh gh ugha gSA peM+h ds jax ds iQdZdk vFkZ bruk ljy ughagSA dqN vkSj gh gSA

ml uhxzks dSnh dh eekZUrd ph[kksa ls T;knk ml xksjs >qaM dh g"kksZUekn dh fpYykgV us tktZ ds efLr"d dks lqUu djfn;k! ek al tyus dh cwls fepyh vkus yxhA


14/86

vc mldh le> esalkjh ckr vk x;h FkhA ikSjQ"k vkSj ".ko.kZ;s nks ckrsa lkFk&lkFk ugha jg ldrhA ;fn fdlh usFkksM+k Hkh mQij mBuk pkgk rks ;g lekt mls e`R;qds vykok vkSj dqN u nsxkA uhxzks ij gq;s vU;k; dh iSjoh dgka gks\U;k;ky; Hkh xksjksa ds] U;k;nsork Hkh mUghadhA fdruh gh iqLrdksa }kjk] if=kdkvksa}kjk [kqys vke ;g ckr dgh tkrh Fkhfd ^uhxzks oa'k gh vyx gSA xksjksadh vis{kk ".ko.kZrqPN gh gSA vkSj fdlh Hkh dher ij mls mlh fLFkfr (fuEu) esaj[kk

tkuk pkfg,A*uhxzks ds fy, vkSjksadh rjg Kku izkIr djuk] c


15/86

FkkA lseksj nEifRr ds dksbZcky&cPpk ugha FkkA bl uhxzks dqVqEc esatktZdks cgqr I;kj vkSj eerk feyhA og dke esa gkFkcaVkrk] ?kj&vkaxu dh lkiQ&liQkbZdjrkA tktZds fy, le; csdkj xaokuk iki FkkA

tc lseksj ifjokj us fefu;kiksfyl esatkus dk fu.kZ; fy;k rc os yksx tktZdks Hkh vius lkFk ys x;sA ogka ijvf/d vPNs Ldwy FksA tktZdh mPp 'kkys; f'k{kk dk izca/ gks x;k vkSj fiQj oks xkao Hkh rsth ls ckuh Fkh vkSj D;k irk\ 'kk;n ekaokil vk ldh gks\ 'kk;n + + +

Y;wlh ekSlh rks tSls tktZdk fny i


16/86

jkst jkr dks lksus ds fy, tktZviuh ekadh dksBjh esagh tkrkA mlus ml dksBjh dks >kM+&iksaNdj lkiQ dj pedkfn;k FkkA ogka,d iqjkuk pj[kk Hkh Fkk tks dHkh mldh ekapykrh FkhaA tktZus ml pj[ks dks Hkh lkiQ djds u;k cuk fy;kFkkA tktZlksprk] ^bl pj[ks ls drs lwr ls eka us esjs diM+s cuk;s gksaxsA eka ds vfLrRo dh ,dek=k fu'kkuhA* + + +

tktZus ekstsl pkpk dks ekfj;k cqvk vkSj ,aMh pkpk ds ckjs esa lc crk fn;k FkkA dSls mUgksaus vkljk fn;k Fkk] i


17/86

igys gh tktZdh tcku lkFk ughansrh FkhA vc rks eaqg ls 'kCn fudyuk eqf'dy gks x;sA vius gh nLr[kr okys i=kdks os xyr dg jgs FksA tktZdqN le> ughaik;kA xyrh Fkh rks fdldh Fkh\

xyrh Fkh mlds jax dh] peM+h ds dkys jax dh! ".ko.khZuhxzks oa'k dh! tktZ us viuh ethZ ds lkFk fefu;kiksfylegkfo|ky; dk lfVZfiQdsV Hkh fn;k FkkA Ldwy }kjk mPprj Js.kh vkSj vPNs pky&pyu dk fo'okl fnyk;k x;k Fkk! ysfdu

;g lc ,d uhxzks Nk=k ds ckjs esaFkkA vthZ nsus okyk Nk=k cqfeku vo'; Fkk] fdUrqog uhxzks gS bl ckr dk v;{k egksn;dks dSls irk pyrk!

tktZ ds fny dk rwiQku vc vka[kksaesa mrj vk;kA

v;{k us vius cpko ds fy, dgk] ^vki uhxzks gSa] bl ckr dk bl vthZesadghamYys[k ugha gSA blfy, + + +*

^ysfdu bl ckr dh dksbZ vko';drk Fkh ughaA* tktZus dgkA

^eq>s dgrs gq, nq[k gksrk gS ysfdu uhxzks Nk=kksa dks ;gka izos'k ughafn;k tkrkA ,slh vthZ Hkstus okys vki igys Nk=k gSaA*

tktZ us vius dkxt lesVs] ckgj tkus ds fy, njokts dh rjiQ pykA v;{k egksn; ls jgk ughax;kA mUgksaus mls iqdkjdj dgk] eq>s ,d ckr crkb;sA vU; uhxzks Nk=kksa dh vis{kk vkius dkiQh is dkyst esaf'k{kk ysuh gh gS] D;ksafd tks dke djus dk eSaus fu'p;fd;k gS mlds fy, eq>s viuh rjiQ ls rS;kjh djuh gh gksxhA*

VwVs fny ld tktZ iwjs 'kgj esa?kwekA gj dgha Nk=k thou dh xgjh Nki FkhA mRlkgh ;qod] fdrkcksadh nqdkusa] gksVsy]jsfMesM diM+ksa dh nqdkusa!

okil xkao tkuk rks vc laHko gh ugha FkkA tc fo'ofo|ky; ls i=k vk;k Fkk rc vkl&iM+ksl ds lkjs ifjfprksa dks fn[kk;kFkkA os yksx Hkh rks fdrus [kq'k gq, FksA usV nknk us rks gj vkus&tkus okys dks viuh cqyan vkokt esa tktZdh ;'kksxkFkk lqukbZ

FkhA Y;wlh ekSlh us lkjh rS;kfj;kadh FkhaA gksVy vkSj usV nknk dh nqdku ls dek, gq, lkjs iSls rks [kpZ gks x, Fks dkystdh rS;kjh esaA vc ikl esaiQwVh dkSM+h Hkh ugha FkhA fiQj ls daxky gks x;k Fkk tktZA D;k dHkh NqVdkjk gksxk bl p ls\fiQj dke *A

fdruh gh eqlhcrksadk lkeuk djrs gq, tktZvkxs c


18/86

xk;s tkus yxs rc mls eu esafdruh gh iqjkuh ;knsa tkx mBhaA dkoZj ifjokj dh 'kke dh izkFkZuk ;kn gh vk;h vkSj vutkusgh tktZus Hkh xkuk 'kq: dj fn;kA FkksM+h nsj ckn ik;k] gj dksbZmlh dh vksj ns[k jgk gSA rc mls vglkl gqvk] vjs!vkSj rks dksbZHkh ughaxk jgk gS] fliQZosnh ds ikl cSBk gqvk xk;d ny gh xk jgk gS A tktZ us ,dne >saidj xkuk candj fn;kA ikl cSBh gqbZo`k us dgk] ^xkvks csVs! bZ'oj us rqEgsalqjksadh nkSyr nh gS] fdruh ehBh vkokt gS + + + pqi D;ksa

gks x;s\ xkvks!* tktZus mldh rjiQ eqLdjkdj ns[kk] fiQj Hkh pqi gh jgkAvar esatc lkewfgd xkuk 'kq: gqvk rc mlus Hkh viuk lqj feyk;kA lkjs ppZ esamldk 'kq lqj xwat mBkA izkFkZuk ds

ckn lcus mls ljkgkA

iknjh ckck us mldh iwNrkN dh vkSj mlds fy, dke Hkh tqVk fn;kA fdrus gh yksxksa ls igpku gqbZ vkSj fiQj dkeHkh feyus yxsA fiQj rks og fu;fer :i ls ppZtkus yxkA xkus ds vafre pj.k esalqj feykrs le; mls ,d vuwBk vuqHkogksrkA laxhr ls vo.kZuh; vkuan feyrk Fkk mlsA

'kqY> gksVy esadke djrs le; vpkud ,d fnu ,d xksjs lkgc mlls feyus vk,A tktZtYnh ls gkFk /ksdj jlksbZ?kjls ckgj vk;kA vk, gq, lTtu dks ns[kdj og lksp esa iM+ x;k] ^bUgsarks eSa tkurk ugha] eq>ls D;ksa feyus vk;s gSa\*

vkus okys us dgk] ^eSa feygkySaM gwaA iknjh ckck us dgk] rqe ;gkaij dke djrs gks] blhfy, feyus pyk vk;kA*^/U;okn! ysfdu ;g rks gksVy dk jlksbZ?kj gS + + + vki tSls yksxksa ds vkus yk;d ;g txg ughagSA* tktZus ladksp

ls dgkA

^vjs ugha! eSa;gka ij vk x;k rks D;k gqvk\ eq>s vkSj esjh iRuh dks ,slk eglwl gqvk fd rqe ;gkafcYdqy vdsys gks]dHkh fdlh 'kke dk s ?kj ij cqykus ds fy, vk;k gwaA*

^vksg! ++ + +* tktZcspkjk dks dqN lw> ughajgk FkkA igyh ckj dksbZmlls bl rjg dh ckr dj jgk FkkA ?kj vkus dkfuea=k.k ns jgk FkkA ,sls le; D;k dguk pkfg,] og tktZughatkurk FkkA

fiQj Jh feygkySaM gh cksys] ^esjh iRuh ppZds xk;d ny dh izeq[k gSaA mlus fons'k tkdj laxhr dh f'k{kk ik;h gSA

vkokt dh ij[k gS mlsA*^rks fiQj ++ + + eSa+ + +* tktZ ds fy, vc lh/h ckr Hkh eqf'dy gks x;h FkhA

^vkSj gka] esjh iRuh dk dguk gS fd rqEgkjh vkokt cgqr vPNh gSA*

^vksgks! ;g vki D;k dg jgs gS\ esjh le> esaughavk jgk gSA eSarks fdrus gh lkyksals cksy Hkh ughaikrk FkkA*

^,slh vthc ckr gS\ rc rks rqEgkjh vkSj Hkh ljkguk djuh gksxhA cksyks] dc vkvksxs ?kj ij\*

fiQj feygkySaM ds ?kj tkus dk fnu r; gqvkA muds tkus ds ckn Hkh tktZfdruh gh nsj rd mUgha ds fopkjksa esa [kks;kjgkA fons'kksa esa f'k{kk ikus okys yksx] vehj rks gksaxs gh! vkSj fiQj Hkh eq> tSls xjhc dks ?kj ij cqykrs gSa] vthc ckr gSAvkSj fiQj esjh vkokt dks Hkh ljkgrs gSa] deky gSA

vkt Jh feygkySaM ds ?kj tkuk gSA eu gh eu fdruh ckj nksgjk;k gksxk tktZusA pjch vkSj LVkso dh dkfy[k feykdjtwrs pedk;sA diM+s /ksdj] bL=kh djds rS;kj fd;sA gkFkksa dks ckj&ckj /ks;kA igyh ckj tktZ us [kqn dh rjiQ ;ku fn;kFkkA rS;kj gksdj tc og feygkySaM ds ?kj dh vksj py iM+k] rc eu esa ,d vthc mRdaBk Fkh] D;k irk dSls yksx gksa\

muds ?kj ds ikl gh ,d >kM+h ij ,d uUgk lk iQwy fn[kkbZ fn;k tSls tktZdh jkg ns[k jgk FkkA tktZ us gYds gkFkls mls rksM+k vkSj vius dksV ij Vkad fy;kA

njokts ij gh Jh feygkySaM tktZds Lokxr ds fy, rS;kj [kM+s FksA tktZdks cSBd essafcBkdj viuh iRuh dks cqykus?kj ds vanj x;sA

cSBd dk dejk bruk lknk Fkk fd tktZ dks FkksM+h fujk'kk gh gqbZA vU; vehj yksxksa dh rjg ughafn[krs ;s yksxA ugha

rks vkSj vehjksa ds ?kjksadh ltkoV] cki js! dSlk izn'kZu jgrk gS vehjh dk! vkSj ;g cSBd rks ,dne [kkyh&[kkyh lh+


19/86

+ + + ugha! ,dne [kkyh rks ugha] ;g D;k gS\ vksg! + + + rks ,slk gksrk gS fi;kuks + + + vc rd rks fliQZrLohjksaesa ns[kk + ++ + + fi;kuks ns[kdj tktZls jgk ughax;kA gYds ikao tk igqapk fi;kuks ds iklA /hjs ls Nwdj ns[kk] mlh yach&yach maxfy;kapyus yxhsafi;kuks dh ifV~V;ksaijA fdlh dh vkgV gqbZ rks pkSaddj nwj gVus yxk] rHkh ,d ehBh vkokt lquh] ^ctkrs jgksArqEgkjh maxfy;ka] rqEgkjs gkFk Hkh rqEgkjh vkokt dh gh rjg gSa] vlyh dykdkj gks rqe! + + + * Jherh feygkySaM dg jgh

FkhaA tktZus Jherh feygkySaM dh rjiQ ns[kk] lkspk] vjs! ;s rks fcYdqy Hkh vehj efgykvksadh rjg ughafn[krhaA budhckrsaHkh dSlh ehBh gSa] [kudrs laxhr dh rjg!

Jherh feygkySaM us tktZdks dqlhZij fcBk;k vkSj cksyha] ns[kks vc eSabls ctkdj fn[kkrh gwaA mudh maxfy;kafi;kuksij pyus yxhsaA laxhr dh ygj meM+ iM+h] lqjksads izokg esalkjk okrkoj.k Mwcus yxkA tktZ dks D;k dqN ;kn vkus yxk]mlds NksVs nksLr] vkstkdZdh igkfM+;ka] usvks'kks ds ;k;xj lkgc] mudk cxhpk] mudh ckrsa mlds dkuksa esa xwatus yxha] ^lkjh/jrh bZ'oj gS + + + * tktZdk eu tkus dSlk gks vk;kA dghadqN [kks;k gS] dghadqN gkjk gS] ,slh ,d vukfed osnuk mHkjvk;h mlds n; esa+ + + mls viuh gh Hkkoukvksa dh rhozrk us >d>ksj fn;kA xyk Hkj vk;kA vc vkSj laHkkyuk] vius vkidkslaHkkyuk mlds cl esa ugha jgkA nksuksagkFkksa esa eq ag fNik fy;k fiQj Hkh vkalwfNis ugha] cg pysA lUukVk Nk x;kA

Jherh feygkySaM mBdj tktZds ikl vk;ha] mlds da/s ij gkFk j[kdj cksyha] êq>s ekiQ dj nsuk] nksLr!*

cM+h eqf'dy ls tktZcksy ik;k] ôg laxhr bruk laqnj Fkk] bruk lqanj fd + + +* vkSj dqN dguk laHko ugha FkkA

êSaus le> yh rqEgkjh ckrA eq>s bl ckr dks igys gh lksp ysuk pkfg, FkkA*

tktZ le> x;kA fiQj ,d ckj og ^viuksa* ds chp vk x;k gSA eu dh fujk'kk nwj gqbZ] vka[kksa esaped vk x;hA mRlkgdh ygj nkSM+ x;h ru&eu esaA

ml 'kke tktZus feygkySaM nEifRr dks viuh iwjh dgkuh lquk;hA gk;ySaM fo'ofo|ky; esadSls udkjk Fkk ;g lquk;kAviuh dkyst f'k{kk ikus dh bPNk Hkh tkfgj dhA vkt rd mlus fdlh ls Hkh vius eu dh ckr bl rjg ughadgh FkhA'kk;n vkt rd dksbZ xkSj ls lquus okyk lgkuqHkwfr n'kkZus okyk feyk gh ugha FkkA dkyst f'k{kk ds ckjs esatks cu iM+sxk ogdjus dk vk'oklu bu nksuksaus fn;kA vxyh ckj vkrs le; viuh isafVXl ykus dk oknk djds tktZokil tkus ds fy,fudyk rc Jherh feygkySaM cksyha] ^vius gkFkksa dqN vkSj Hkh dke gks lds] blfy, bZ'oj us iQqjlr nh gS ,slk le>ksAtc rd rqe ;gk aij gks esjs ikl laxhr lh[kus vk;k djksA*

[kq'kh ls ikxy gksdj tktZus dgk] ^vksg! vo';!! blds cnys esa vkids ?kj ds lkeus ,d lqanj cxhpk rS;kj d:axkA*

r; gks x;kA tktZ dh ftanxh esa bl ckj olar vk;hA gksVy dh ukSdjh ds vfrfjDr feyus okyk gj {k.k gj iy mlusfeygkySaM ds cxhps esa yxk fn;kA tehu rS;kj djuk] ikS/s yxkuk] mudh ns[kHkky vkSj fiQj fi;kuks ij fj;ktA cl vkSjfdlh ckr dh xqatkb'k gh ughaFkhA

cxhpk lkdkj gqvk] mlds yxk, ikS/s cM+s gksus yxs] iQwy f[kyus yxs vkSj mldk gkFk Hkh vc fi;kuks ij l/ x;k] laxhrxwatus yxkA esgur ds urhts lkeus FksA Jherh feygkySaM us tSlk lkspk Fkk oSlk gh Nk=k Fkk tktZA gj ckr cM+h tYnh vkRelkr

djus okykA tktZdh cuk;h ,d okVj dyj dh isafVax cSBd esa lt jgh FkhA ?kj ij vkus okys ifjfpr ml fp=k dh iz'kalkdjrsA ppZesaxkus okys uhxzks yM+ds us og cuk;h gS bl ckr dk fo'okl gh ugha gksrk mUgsaA

jkst 'kke dks tktZfeygkySaM ds ?kj tkrk] mUgsaviuh fnuHkj dh dke&dkth dgkuh lqukrkA ml le; Jherh feygkySaMvius nksuksa cPpksadks Hkh ogkacqykrhavkSj tktZ dh dgkuh lquokrhavkSj fiQj vius cPpksa ls iwNrha] blls vk/k dke Hkhdj ikvksxs rqe yksx\

feygkySaM ifjokj ds fdrus gh dke tktZ vius dq'ky gkFkksa ls fucVkrk FkkA mldh dq'kyrk ns[kdj vkliM+ksl ds ?kjksals Hkh mls dke feyrk FkkA ,d ckj tktZdks dke lkSai fn;k rks og iwjk gks gh x;k le>ks ,slh rkjhiQ Fkh tktZds dkedhA

feygkySaM dh ,d iM+kslu FkhaJherh jkfcalA tktZ dks dke ls iQqjlr feyrs gh cqukbZ ds u;s&u;s cukrk FkkA mlds


20/86

ikl ,sls uewuksa dk vPNk [kklk laxzg gks x;k FkkA Jherh jkfcal us tktZls iwNk] rqe D;k djksxs] brus lkjs uewus tek djds\*tktZ dk mRrj Fkk] ^eSatc okil vius xkao tkmQaaxk rc vius xkaookyksa dks fl[kkmQaxkA*

tktZ ds eu esa cpiu ls ,d ckr xgjh cSB x;h Fkh fd vius nks gkFkksa ls djus yk;d gj dke og lh[ks vkSj mlesaekfgj gksA

feygkySaM ifjokj esatktZ us cgqr I;kj vkSj eerk ik;hA tktZ lksprk Fkk fd tc rd bl nqfu;k esafeygkySaM tSls yksxgSa rc rd eq> tSlksa dks lgkjk feyrk jgsxkA bl fo'okl ls mls vius ekxZij vkxs c esaughavk jgk FkkA Msu ,dVdns[k jgk Fkk tktZ dh rjiQA tktZ dk og izek.kc eLrd] mRlqd psgjk] xaHkhj iSuh vka[ksaA Msu us lkspk] ^;g lh/k lknkekeyk ugha] fujkyh ckr gSA*

mlus tktZls dgk] ^;s yksx dg jgs gSa] rqe dkyst esa is rks mlds ckjs esadqN ugha ekyweA D;k eq>s ogkaizos'k feysxk\ rqEgkjh D;k jk; gS\*tktZus iwNkA

^vjs! /hjs! HkbZ/hjs! ,d lkFk fdrus loky\ gka! rks lquks] ;g dkyst gS vk;ksok LVsV ds bafM;kuksyk es aA fc'ki eWF;wflEilu us ;g dkyst 'kq: fd;kA vczkge fyadu dk lkFk fuHkkus okys flEilu viuh iwjh ftanxh xqykeh ls yM+rs jgsAbl dkyst dks cukus esa mUgksaus viuk loZL; yxk fn;k FkkA ,sls dkyst esarqEgsaizos'k fey ds gh jgsxkA eSa Hkh oghaij i


21/86

tktZ Hkh lqu jgk Fkk vkSj lksp jgk FkkA ^'kk;n ;gh ckr lgh gSA*

feygkySaM ifjokj dks NksM+dj tkrs le; cgqr nq[k gqvkA ,slk I;kj vc dgka\ Hkjs&iqjs ifjokj dh Nk;k ls fudy djfiQj vdsys jkg rg djuh FkhA vlqjf{kr] vfuf'pr jkgA D;k irk fiQj gk;ySaM fo'ofo|ky; tSlh fujk'kk gh gkFk yxsAysfdu bl ckj eu dks vPNs ls le>k fy;k Fkk mlusA

rhl ehy yach jkg dkVdj og flEilu dkyst igqapkA lkFk esa Fkh mldh iz[kj xjhch vkSj iz[kj KkufiiklkA

gj u;k fnu vc vkl txkusokyk FkkA dkyst 'kq: gksus ds nks fnu igys gh og bafMvkuksyk tk igqapk FkkA bl ckj dkystds nkf[kys esadksbZ vM+pu ughavk;hA gksLVsy esa jgus dk izca/ Hkh gks x;kA vc rks fliQZ[kkus&ihus ds xqtkjs dk cankscLrdjuk FkkA

igys dqN fnu rks og NksVs&eksVs dke


22/86

rhu lky rd tktZus Jherh cM ds ikl fp=kdyk dh f'k{kk ik;hA ml le; tktZdh cukbZ rLohjsa ^vkn'kZ* ds :iesa fo|fFkZ;ksa dks fn[kkbZtkrh FkhaA (bl rhu o"kZds dky esa tktZus tks vkWby isafVXl cuk;hamuesals 27 fp=k ^dkoZj vkVZdysD'ku* esa j[kh gqbZgSaA)

fp=kdyk ds lkFk&lkFk laxhr dh lk/uk Hkh tkjh FkhA dkyst ds fdrus gh laxhr ds dk;Zeksaesa tktZdh cM+h iz'kalk

gksrhA tktZdks bl iz'kalk ls ftruk vkuan feyrk mlls T;knk larks"k mls bl ckr dk gksrk fd og viuh gVhyh tckudks dkcw esaj[k ldrk FkkA 'kq mPpkj.k dj ldrk FkkA

fp=kdyk esa izoh.k gksus ls tktZdks larks"k ughagks jgk FkkA ckj&ckj mldk eu dldrk Fkk fd dgha dqN deh jg x;hgSA ;g iQwyksaiRrksa ds fp=k mrkjuk rks vafre ;s; ughagSA ;g rks fliQZlR; dk vkHkkl gSA rks fiQj lR; D;k gS\ lthol`f"V\

nwljs lky ls tktZ viuk vf/dka'k le; iz;ksx'kkyk esa fcrkus yxkA

dqN gh le; esa flEilu dkyst dh i


23/86

cuk jgkA

iwjh jkr tkxdj tktZus lkjk iQuhZpj vkSj njokts dh pkS[kV ij jax pqdko ugha Fkk vkSj uhxzks gksus ds dkj.k iQkSth vf/dkjh rks og dHkh cu gh ugha ldrk FkkA ysfdu mlds eu esaiQkSth onhZvkSj cSaM] ekpZikLV lcds fy, cgqr vkd"kZ.k FkkA blh vkd"kZ.k ds dkj.k mlus lSfud f'k{kk foHkkx esa ukefy[kok;k FkkA

brus lkyksals /ksch dke djus ds dkj.k tktZds da/s >qd x;s FksA ijsM ds le; dekaMj ml ij fp


24/86

izk;kid cM tktZ dh fp=kdyk dh cM+h iz'kalk djrsA tktZ ds fp=kdyk esa fuiq.k gksus dh ckr Jh foYlu rd igqaphAJh foYlu lksp esa iM+ x;s fd ;g bruk gksugkj yM+dk fp=kdyk NksM+dj f"k 'kkL=k ds ihNs D;ksaiM+k gS\

vkf[kj muls ughajgk x;k] mUgksaus tktZls iwN gh fy;k] ^dqN fnuksads fy, i


25/86

esaA

tktZ dgus yxk] ^lj] nsf[k, ;s yM+ds ekurs gh ugha] vHkh bl oDr eq>s dkyst ds cxhps es atkuk pkfg, FkkA*

^rks fiQj\* izks + foYlu us mls xkSj ls ns[krs gq, dgkA

^vkSj vkt rks eSaus izks + cM ds ?kj vkaxu dh liQkbZdjus dk oknk fd;k gSA* fiQj tktZdh f'kdk;r 'kq: gqbZysfduizks + foYlu us dqN ;ku gh ugha fn;k] dgk] ^vkt rqe lhMj jSfiM~l tk jgs gksA*

izk;kid ds ;g dgus ij rkfy;ksadh vkokt ls cjkenk xwat mBkA

^tktZ! ml izn'kZuh esaavius dkyst dk izfrfuf/Ro djus ds fy, rqels cqByk;k ughaA izn'kZuh esa j[ks pkjksa fp=kksaus iqjLdkj thrs vkSj rks vkSj muesals ,d fp=k ^U;wesfDldks ds ;qDdk* ouLifr dk fp=k f'kdkxks esagksus okyh oYMZdksyafc;u ,Dliksth'ku ds fy, pquk x;kA f'kdkxks esa fo'ods jFkh&egkjfFk;ksads fp=k vk;s Fks ysfdu ogka Hkh bl nqyZHk ouLifr ds fp=k dks fo'ks"k lEeku feykA vk;ksok LVsV ds gjv[kckj esa fo'ks"k lEeku ikus okys bl fp=k vkSj fp=kdkj ds ckjs esa ys[k fy[ksA ysfdu tktZ rks fiQj Hkh tktZgh FkkA mlsvpkud feys bl eku&lEeku ls T;knk [kq'kh izks + foYlu ds ?kj ds cjkens ds Lusg lEesyu ls feyhA

tktZ vius lgikfB;ksa ls cgqr vyx FkkA mldh fujkyh ftanxh] fujkyh gh vknrsaA fo|kFkhZ tc ehBh uhan lks;s gksrs] tktZ

dkyst ds cxhps esaigqap x;k gksrk ;k fiQj xkao ds ckgj dh >kfM+;ksa esa ouLifr;ksadh [kkst esaA nwljksadks iqLrdksa }kjk tksKku fey jgk Fkk mlls dghaT;knk Kku tktZgkfly djrkA izfr lkfUu; esa] izfr ds ek;e lsA blhfy, ikfM+;kaesa ?kwerk fiQjrk] vius I;kjs NksVs nksLrksa ds lkFk]isM+&ikS/ksads lkFkA

,El xkao ds vklikl cgqr taxy >kfM+;kaFkhaA bu >kfM+;ka esadbZtxgksa ij nyny Hkh FkkA dgha&dgha rks og bruk xgjkFkk fd iwjk vkneh /al tk;sA bl [krjukd nyny ds ckjs esa tktZges'kk fpafrr jgrkA vDlj izks + foYlu ls bl nyny

ds ckjs esa ppkZdjrkA tktZus nyny dk bykt ikuh dh fudklh ds ckjs esa ,d ;kstuk Hkh rS;kj dh Fkh vkSj izks + foYludks crk;h FkhA

tktZ vDlj bu >kfM+;ksaesa?kwerk] viuk eSXuhiQkbax Xykl] ,d tkyh vkSj ouLifr;ksa ds uewus tek djus dk >ksyk viusda/s ij yVdk;sA ,d ckj ,sls gh ?kwers le; mlus ,d NksVs yM+ds dks ogkanyny esa [ksyrs gq, ns[kkA ,slh txg ^[ksyus*dk [krjk tktZ tkurk Fkk blfy, mlus ml yM+ds dks ckgj fudyus ds fy, iqdkjk vkSj ogh gqvk tks ughagksuk pkfg,FkkA og NksVk yM+dk dhpM+ esafiQly dj fxj iM+kA

tktZ us nkSM+dj mls ckgj fudkyk vkSj vius :eky ls dhpM+ iksaNk] iwNk] ^csVs] rqeus mu NksVs yksxksa ds ?kj D;ksa rksM+s\*^?kj! eSaus rksM+s! dgka\ dkSu yksx\* NksVk yM+dk rks ,dne ckS[kyk x;k] mldh dqN le> es agh ugha vk;kA fiQj tktZusmls ml dhpM+ esa jgus okys izk.kh vkSj muds ?kj fn[kyk;sA

^vksg! lpeqp! burs fnu eSabuds ?kjksa ds NIij rksM+rk jgk!* bruk lk yM+dk] vka[ksaHkj vk;ha] cM+k nq[k gqvk mlsA tktZ


26/86

us fiQj mls le>k;k vkSj Hkh fdruh gh ckrsa crk;haA dhpM+ esa vkSj dkSu&dkSu ls izk.kh jgrs gSa] ;g cryk;kA ,d pexknM+idM+dj mlds gkFk esaFkek fn;k] og Hkh dSls nyny esa?kj cukdj jgrk gS ;g le>k;k vkSj pexknM+ dks NksM+ fn;kANksVs yM+ds dh cM+h bPNk Fkh fd pexknM+ dks vius ikl j[ksA ysfdu ugha] tktZus mls NksM+ fn;k vkSj lkFk esa;g Hkhle>k;k fd bl rjg izkf.k;ksa dks idM+dj D;ksa ugha j[kuk pkfg,A NksVk yM+dk vc cM+k [kq'k gks x;k Fkk] [kqy x;k Fkk

tktZ ls] ets ls xi'ki dj jgk FkkA tktZ us mldk uke iwNk] ^gsujh oSysl!* vkxs pydj vesfjdk dk mijk"Vifr in dh'kku cus yxk Fkk] jQfp ys jgk FkkA ouLifr txr dh fdruh gh ckras tkux;k FkkA ikS/ksaij dye djuk lh[k x;k FkkA

;g nksLrh lkyksa&lky pyhA tktZds vk[kjh fnuksardA ,d v/Z'krdA tktZvkSj gsujh ds chp i=k O;ogkj pyrk jgkAgsujh ges'kk tktZ ls lykg ysrsA feMosLV dk oSysl iQkeZblh gsujh ds dk;ZdkS'ky dk izrhd gSA mldh izsj.kk Fks tktZA

vkxs pydj vesfjdh f"k foHkkx ds in ij vkSj fiQj mijk"Vifr in ij jgus okys gsujh oSysl us tktZdkoZj ds dk;ksZadk xkSjo djrs gq, viuh yM+diu dh ;knsacryk;h FkhaA

^eSatktZls izfr ds peRdkjksa ds ckjs esa,sls lqurk Fkk tSls dksbZijhdFkk lqu jgk gwa] mlh mRlqdrk ds lkFk mUgksauseq>s izfr dks ns[kus dh u;h n`f"V iznku dhA cpiu esatks ckrsa os eq>s fn[kykrs Fks] mu lc ckrksadks ml mej esaeSa 'kk;nBhd ls le> ugha ikrk FkkA ysfdu ,d ckr fuf'pr Fkh] og ;g fd eq> tSls NksVs cPps ij mudk tks fo'okl Fkk] Kkudk HkaMkj yqVk;k Fkk] mlls eSacgqr gh izHkkfor gqvk FkkA*

dkyst ds dqN yM+ds ges'kk tktZ dh ryk'k esajgrs vkSj tktZ us Hkh mu yksxksa dks dHkh fujk'k ughafd;kA

ckr ,slh FkhA

gksLVy ds cjkens esa ls tkrs gq, tktZus ,d dejs ls djkgus dh vkokt lquh] vanj >kaddj ns[kkA ,d Nk=k vlguh;osnuk ls rM+i jgk FkkA iQqVcky f[kykM+h Fkk [ksyrs le; iSj esaeksp vk x;h FkhA tktZus mls vkSa/s eqag fyVk;k] fiQj gYdsgkFkksa ls iSj esaekfy'k 'kq: dhA FkksM+h nsj esa djkgus okyk vkjke ls lks jgk Fkk] nnZ dk ukeksfu'kku ugha FkkA nwljs fnuf[kykfM+;ksa esablh ckr dh ppkZFkh vkSj rc ls gh tktZdkyst ds lc f[kykfM+;ksa dk ^vf/r* ekfy'kokyk cu x;k FkkA

dkyst ds f[kykM+h tktZ dh iz'kalk djrs ughaFkdrsA dgrs] ^tktZdh maxfy;ksaesatknw gSA mldh maxfy;ksaus Nqvk vkSjcl] nnZxk;c!*

tktZ us ,d ckj O;k;ke izf'k{kd ls ekfy'k ds fy, fn;s tkus okys rsy dh f'kdk;r dhA rsy cgqr xk


27/86

gypy epk nhA iqjkus nksLrksa dh ;knksa es a[kks x;k tktZA mldh liQyrk dk xq.kxku djusokyk bl nqfu;k es adksbZgS blvuqHkwfr ls gh mls bruk vkuan feyk] bruh [kq'kh feyh fd cl! mlus xqynLrs ls ,d NksVk lk lqanj lk iQwy pquk vkSjvius dksV ij Vkad fy;kA blds ckn ges'kk muds dksV ij ,d NksVk lk iQwy vo'; gksrk] bl fnu dh ;knxkjA Lusg vkSjizse dh ;knxkj!!

cM+h yach nwjh r; djds igqapk Fkk tktZbl eqdke ij\ mlus foijhr ifjfLFkfr;ksaesaHkh fdruk dqN gkfly fd;k FkkAmlds pkj fp=k 1893 dh oYMZdksyafc;u ,Dliksth'ku ds fy, pqus x, FksA mls vk;ksok LVsV dkyst dk cqfeku Nk=kekuk tkrk FkkA mls ^;qukbVsM LVsV~l vkWfiQllZfjtoZ* dk igyk uhxzks viQlj cuus dk eku izkIr FkkA

lekjksg esa tc tktZmikf/i=k ysus ds fy, eap dh vksj pyk rks lkjk okrkoj.k rkfy;ksadh xM+xM+kgV ls xwat mBkA dkystds nksLrksaus gh ugha] ckdh yksxksa us tksj&'kksj ls vfHkuanu fd;kA vfHkuanu dh bl vHkwriwoZ o"kkZls tktZ dk eu ,dvo.kZuh; Hkkouk ls Hkj mBkA

lekjksg laiUu gk sus ij og vius dejs esavk;kA viuh eka ds ifo=k Lekjd pj[ks ds lkeus ?kqVuks ij cSB x;kA dk'k!de&ls&de vkt ds fnu rks eSaekals Lusgk'kh"k ik ldrkAA esjh bl mTtoy liQyrk ds ckn eSa eka ls 'kkcklh ik ldrkA

dgkagksxh eka!!fdruk vdsyk Fkk tktZ!

ekadh ;knksa esa fody tktZfdruh gh nsj rd oSls gh cSBk jgk vdsyk] xqelqe lk lksprk gqvkA mldh bl liQyrkesafdruksadk ;ksxnku jgk FkkA ekfj;k cqvk] ekfVZu] Jherh feygkySaM] Jh foYluA lcus vius&vius rjhds ls enn dhFkhA tktZ ds O;fDrRo dks laokjk FkkA vkt bu lcdh cgqr ;kn vk jgh FkhA

lwjt Mwc jgk FkkA dejs esava/sjk Nkus yxk FkkA ysfdu tktZdks bl ckr dk gks'k ughaFkkA tktZ dks


28/86

ds 'kks/dk;ksZa dk lanHkZ fn;k FkkA xqjQtuksals ,slk fo'okl ikuk dksbZvklku dke gS\ tktZus bl eqdke rd igqapus ds fy,D;k dqN ugha fd;k\ lkjk vk;ksok jkT; Nku ekjkA ckx&cxhps] e'k:El dh iSnkb'k vkfn fo"k;ksaij Hkk"k.k nsus ds fy,xkao&xkao ?kwekA bu Hkk"k.kksa esamlus fdlkuksals ouLifr;ksa ds laHkkO; jksx vkSj muds izfrca/d mik;ksa ds ckjs esackrphr dhAMk;eaM xzkso dk og NksVk gdykrk cPpk vkt vius Kku dk ykHk vius fdlku Hkkb;ksadks ns jgk FkkA

lu~ 1986 esa tktZ us ,xzhdYpj ,aM cSDVhfj;e ckWVuh esa ekLVj vkWiQ lkbal dh loksZPp mikf/ gkfly dhA

Lokra=;xzLr

lu~ 1865 ds fnlEcj eghus esa vesfjdk dh xqykeh dh izFkk u"V djus dh ?kks"k.kk dh x;hA uhxzks tkfr dh Lora=krk dksvf/r :i ls ekU;rk nh x;hA

vkt rd tks yksx fliQZfdlh ds vk/hu gh ft;s Fks] gqdqe lqurs vkSj mldh rkehy djrs&djrs gh ftudh ftanxh dVhFkhA dikl ds [ksrksa esa etnwjh djus okys] fliQZ;gh dke tkuus okys cspkjs vukM+h xqyke Lora=krk dk vFkZD;k le> ikrs\ftUgksaus


29/86

gksA

lu~ 1868 esanf{k.k ds lkr jkT;ksadks] vykckek] tkftZ;k] yksfjMk vkfn lkr jkT;ksadks fiQj ls la?k jkT; esa 'kkfeydj fy;k x;kA hMeSU; C;wjks dk fo/s;d 14osala'kks/u ds :i esaekU; gqvkA

uhxzks vc ernkrk gq,A uhxzks yksxksa us erksads vf/dkj ls nf{k.k ds cgqr ls fo/ku eaMyksaesaegRoiw.kZLFkku izkIr fd;sA

mlh rjg mRrj ds xksjksaus cgqr ls fo/ku eaMyksa esaviuh fLFkfr lq/kjhA uhxzks vkSj mRrjh jkT;ksa ds xksjksads esy ds lkeusnf{k.k ds o.kZHksnh xksjksavc detksj fl gksus yxsA u;h 'kfDr dks jksdus ds fy, dksbZHkh mik; ugha,slh fLFkfr esanf{k.kds xkSjo dk yksxksa esa vc xSjdkuwuh gfFk;kj viukus 'kq: fd,A nf{k.k esajkst fgalkpkj] vkxtuh] ywVekj dh okjnkrsa gksusyxhaA bl vkx esa>qyl jgk Fkk cspkj uhxzks lektA

blh le; vesfjdk ds loksZPp U;k;ky; us pkSnosala'kks/u dk ,d u;k gh vFkZfudkykA fliQZiQsMsjy ljdkj vkSjiztktuksads vf/dkj rd gh ;g la'kks/u e;kZfnr j[kk x;kA nf{k.k esa Ldwy] ;krk;kr ds lk/u vkSj euksjatu ds LFkkuksatSlhtxgksa ij o.kZHksn T;ksadk R;ksacuk jgkA ;gkard fd iQsMjy ljdkj dh lsuk dh ukSdjh es aHkh o.kZHksn pyrk FkkA dqyfeykdj pkSnosa la'kks/u dh izkfIr Fkh ek=k jktdh; lekurk] lkekftd lekurk ughaA ;|fi jktdh; {ks=k esauhxzks fo/ku eaMy

dk lnL; cu ldrk Fkk] lekt ds ckdh lc {ks=kksaesa mls ?kksj mis{kk dk lkeuk djuk iM+ jgk FkkA og vc Hkh cfg"rgh FkkA dbZ uhxzks izR;k'kh vius uhxzks cka/oksads erkf/dkj ds dkj.k] ys] xouZj vkfn inksa ij fuokZfpr gksrs fdUrqvof/lekIr gksus ij csdkj gks tkrs vkSj mUgsaetnwjh djuh iM+rhA D;ksafd nwljk dksbZdke uhxzks yksx tkurs gh ughaFksA

Mk okf'kaxVu us mudh^vi kWe Lysojh*iqLrd esa ,d ,slk gh fdLlk c;ku fd;k gSA

Mk okf'kaxVu ,d ckj nf{k.k ds nkSjs ij FksA ,d Hkou fuekZ.k ds dke ij mUgksaus lquk%

^xouZj] tYnh bZaVs ykvksA*

nks&rhu ckj ;gh ckr lquhA mUgs avpjt gqvkA lkFk okyksa ls iwNk] ckr D;k gS\ rc irk pyk] ^xouZj ,d uhxzks Fkk]fiNys pqukoksa esa thrk FkkA vof/ lekIr gksus ij fiQj ls bZaVs


30/86

izTtofyr fd;kA

VLdxh ukeZy ,aM baMfLV;y bafLV~V;wV iQkWj uhxzkst,d iqjkus VwVs&iQwVs ppZ esaLdwy 'kq: gqvkA rhl dkys fo|kFkhZ] pkSnglky dh mej ls ysdj lkB lky rd ds] vkSj f'k{kd cqdj Vh okf'kaxVuA

ckrphr ds nkSjku ,d fo|kFkhZus vius f'k{kd dks crk;k fd og vykckek esa dSls vk;kA bl fo|kFkhZdk tUe oftZfu;k

esa gqvk FkkA lu~ 1845 esa] vykckek esa fcdk FkkA Jh okf'kaxVu us iwNk] ^fdrus Fks rqe yksx\*mRrj feyk] ^ikap tu] eSa] esjk HkkbZvkSj rhu [kPpjA*

vKku ds cM+s Hk;adj cks> rys nck gqvk ;g uhxzks lekt Lora=krk ds lgh vFkZdks le>us dh fLFkfr esagh ugha FkkAu gh mls lh/k&lk/k lgt thou thuk vkrk FkkA mUgsa;g fl[kkuk vko';d FkkA lekt dks ,slh fLFkfr ls mckjus dhftEesnkjh i


31/86

Ldwy esarS;kj gksus okyk eky cktkjksa rd igqapkus ds fy, fdlh lk/u dh t:jr eglwl gksus yxhA Bsyksals dke pyldrk Fkk] ysfdu mUgsa [kjhnus ds fy, Ldwy ds ikl iSls ughaFksA vr% Jh okf'kaVu us Ldwy esagh Bsys cukus dk iz;ksxfd;kA vc rks ckdh lkeku ds lkFk&lkFk Bsyksadh Hkh ekax gksus yxhA

vc rd dh lkjh ftanxh xqykeh esafcrk;s gq, ,d xqyke ds ikl pkdw] Nqfj;kacukus dk gquj FkkA mlus fo|kfFkZ;ksadks

viuk dyk fl[kk;hA Ylwbl ,MEl us /krq dh pknjksals phtsa cukuk lh[kkA Jh okf'kaVu dk HkkbZ tkWu Hkh gSEiVu baLVhV;wVdk Lukrd FkkA mlus Ldwy es ae/qeD[kh ikyu foHkkx 'kq: fd;k FkkA vc [kkus esa 'kgn Hkh feyus yxkA

esgur] 'kkjhfjd ifjJe ;gh ,d pht Fkh tks uhxzks dj ldrk FkkA ifjJe ds vk/kj ij gh mlds fy, viuk vfLrRocuk;s j[kuk laHko FkkA vxj xksjksa ls cjkcjh djuh gS rks igys viuk vfLrRo cuk, j[kuk vko';d FkkA leku vf/dkjikus ds fy, viuh ;ksX;rk c


32/86

iM+kA

mUgksaus vius fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks fliQZfdrkch f'k{kk u nsdj ,slh f'k{kk nh ftlls muds O;fDrRo dk fodkl gksA ckgjh nqfu;kesaHkh flj mQapk djds thus dk vf/dkj feysA fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds eu esa;g ckr cl x;h fd mUgsalekt esaviuk LFkku cukukgSA ckgjh lekt esaviuh mis{kk vkSj vogsyuk u gks oju viuk Lrj cuk jgs ;g ckr fo|kfFkZ;ksaus f'k{kk ds lkFk&lkFk

gh lh[khA vkSj Ldwyksa dh rjg vyx ls ;g ckrsafl[kkus okys xksjs f'k{kd ;gka ugha FksA uhxzks ds fy, uhxzks yksxksa us pyk;kgqvk Ldwy Fkk ;gA

Ldwy es dke ds le; yM+dk ;k yM+dh ,slk Hksn ughafd;k tkrkA Jh okf'kaVu us vius fo|kfFkZ;ksadks fliQZ fdrkchf'k{kk u nsdj] okLro thou esa vius Kku dk mi;ksx djus dh vknr fl[kk;h FkhA lkjh irs FksA iwjs ns'k esagqbZizfrf;k dk mUgsavglkl FkkA [kjh dlkSVh dh csyk FkhA viuhrjiQ ls iwjh rS;kfj;kadjds gh os vVykaVk x;sA

lkjs ns'k esamudss Hkk"k.k dk izHkko fn[kkbZ fn;kA uhxzks yksxksa dh fLFkfr] mudh leL;k,alkjs lekt ds lkeus eq[kfjr gqbZAca/q&izse dk vkgoku fd;k x;kA blds ckn vusd txgksaij Mk okf'kaVu ds Hkk"k.k gq,A ftUgsauhxzks lekt ds fy, lgkuHkwfrFkh] tks mudh mRd"kZ] mfUur ds fy, Lo;agh dqN djuk pkgrs Fks ,sls yksxksaus Mk okf'akxVu dh rjiQ enn dk gkFk c


33/86

cjkcj* vkSj dikl dks feyusokyk mQapk HkkoA ,sls nksgjs iQk;ns ds dkj.k nf{k.k ds xksjs fdlku ekynkj gks x;s FksA ?kj&?kjesalksus ds flDdksa dh xwat FkhA dikl&lezkV fnu&c&fnu vehj gksrs tk jgs Fks vkSj uhxzks cspkjs [kRe gksrs tk jgs FksA mudhesgur ls dikl lkezkT; cksiM+h dh pkS[kV rd dikl gh

cksrk FkkA bl ,d dikl ds ykyp ds dkj.k nf{k.k ds uhxzks dh gkyr cn ls cnrj gks x;h FkhA fliQZ dikl gh iSnk fd;ktkrk Fkk vr% vukt dh csgn deh gks tkrh FkhA vUu dk vHkko vkSj ml ij th&rksM+ esgur&etnwjhA bl dh otg lsuhxzks dh gkyr bruh cqjh gks x;h fd clA dikl lekzVksadh ykyp dh vkap vc fliQZuhxzks gh ugha xksjs fdlkuksa rdHkh igqapus yxh FkhA

dHkh tks le` vkSj oSHko'kkyh Fkk ,slk vykckek esavc cpk Fkk fliQZ mtM+k gqvk nfyr lekt vkSj cstku tehuA taxydVkbZ] yxkrkj dikl dh iSnkb'k ls fouk'k dk ekxZLo;agh cu x;k Fkk vkSj lkjk vykckek rsth ls loZuk'k dh vksj c


34/86

dksbZmik; ;kstuk u gks ldh rks vykckek dh tehu] ogka ds yksx] gj pht fouk'k dh vksj c


35/86

yx jgk Fkk fd muds ikl oakf'kd leL;k dk lek/ku gSA vc rks tktZ Hkh muds dk;Z esa lgHkkxh gksus tk jgk FkkA

vxys dbZgrksard tktZus bl fpV~Bh ds ckjs esa fdlh dks dqN Hkh ughacrk;kA eu esaiDdk fu'p; gks x;k FkkAvpkud pys tkus ls dkWyst ds dke esadksbZck/k u vk;s blfy, tktZ us igys lkjs egRoiw.kZdke iwjs fd,A mlds tkusds ckn vuqla/ku ds dk;Z esadksbZjQdkoV u vk;s blfy, vius lgk;dksa dks lkjs dke le>k fn;sA iwjs dke dk


36/86

deZHkwfe esa

vDrwcj ekg dh ,d lqcg tktZdkoZj nf{k.k esavykckek jkT; dh vksj tkusokyh jsyxkM+h esa cSBsA vutku vkSjvifjfpr Hkwfe dh vksj tkus ds fy,A

le` izns'k ihNs NwV x;k FkkA vc rks tgkard utj vk lds ogka rd dikl ds [ksr fn[kkbZns jgs FksA dghagfj;kyhugha] fliQZdikl ds [ksr] ,d liQsn jaxA dikl lkezkT; dh 'kqjQvkr gks x;h FkhA

[ksrksa esa dikl chuus dk dke py jgk FkkA gj txg dkys vkneh ;g dke djrs gq, fn[kkbZ ns jgs FksA izks dkoZj mnklgks mBsA mUgsairk Fkk fd vc tks n`'; fn[kkbZns jgk gS] oghavkxs Hkh fn[kus okyk gS vkSj iwjc&if'pe] nf{k.k dghaHkhx;s] 1000 ehy rd x;s rks Hkh ;gh ,d n`'; fn[kk;h nsus okyk gSA

VLdxh xkao ds djhc ^psgk* LVs'ku ij os jsyxkM+h ls mrjsA 8 vDVwcj 1896A VLdxh Ldwy ds bl bykds dk lCtckx gksxkA FkksM+h rks gfj;kyh gksxh] NksVk&eksVk cxhpk gksxkA Ldwy dh iz;ksx'kkyk esa dke djrs&djrs ;gka ds fdlkuksa dh ]vius cka/oksadh lsok d:axkA

VLdxh Ldwy ds fo|kFkhZvius u;s f'k{kd dks ysus vk;s FksA izks dkoZj dk lkeku cX?kh ij ps bl oa'k esa D;ksadj HkstrkA*

^VLdxh* dy rd bl uke ds mPpkj.k ls vk'oklu feyrk Fkk ysfdu vc Mwcrs lwjt dh lk{kh ls mUgsa lkeus fn[kkbZns jgh Fkh ,d pqukSrh fliQZ,d pqukSrhA mudh ijh{kk dh ?kM+h FkhA ;gka ekuo vc eqfDr dh vksj c


37/86

^th gka! vkSj ^vc* cgqr dqN gksxk ,slk eq>s fo'okl gSA* Mk okf'kaxVu us lwfpr fd;kA

muds ^vc* dks le>rs gq, izks dkoZj us dgk] ^vkius rks cM+k gh xkSjo'kkyh dk;Z fd;k gSA bl dk;Zesa lg;ksx nsus dkvolj eq>s fey jgk gS] ;g esjk lEeku gSA*

^vkidks ;gka ij cgqr dqN djuk rks vHkh ckdh gSA*

^th! eSa tkurk gwaA ;gh djus ds fy, gh rks eSa;gkavk;k gwaA* vk'oklu ds Loj esa izks dkoZj us mRrj fn;kA

^vkidks bl dk;ZesaliQyrk feyh rks lkjh nf{k.k vesfjdk loZuk'k ls cp tk;sxhA mldk Hkfo"; vc vki ij fuHkZjgSA*

^iz;ksx'kkyk dgka gS\* dkoZj us iwNkA

^iz;ksx'kkyk cukus ds fy, txg dh deh ugha] vkSj fiQj bZ'oj us vkidks rh{.k cqf ns j[kh gSA* Mk okf'kaxVu us dgkA

^le> jgk gwaA gesavc iz;ksx'kkyk ds cukus ls vkjEHk djuk gSA ;gh dguk gS u vkidkA* izks dkoZj dh bl ckr ijMk okf'kaxVu fny [kksydj gal iM+sA lkFk galus okyk tks fey x;k FkkA lkFkh tks fey x;k FkkA eu dh ckr le>us okyklkFk fuHkkusokykA

iz;ksx'kkyk ughaFkh] u gh Fkk ouLifr m|ku! dghadksbZcxhpk] gfj;kyh] ikS/s] dqN Hkh ugha Fkk] ,slh txg vk, Fks izksdkoZj! tehu dh] [ksrh dh] ogka ds thou Lrj dh mUufr ds fy, mUgsaiz;Ru djus FksA vius dk;Zdh fn'kk fuf'pr djuhFkh ysfdu tYnh gh ,d ckr muds ;ku esa vk x;h] VLdxh Ldwy ds fo|kfFkZ;ksaesa f"k fo"k; ,dne vfiz; FkkA 'kk;n[ksrh fdlkuh ls nwj Hkkxus ds fy, gh ;s Nk=k VLdxh vk, FksA mUgsarks okf.kT;] dkjhxjh ;k ,slh gh dksbZekU;rk izkIrizfrf"Br dyk,a lh[kuk fiz; FkkA ^[ksrh\ og rks dksbZ ,sjk&xSjk Hkh dj ldrk FkkA* izks dkoZj le> x;s fd bu fo|kfFkZ;ksads eu esaf"k fo|k ds fy, ;g tks vjQfp gS] mls nwj djuk gksxkA /jrh ekrk ds fy, ;g vukLFkk mis{kk nwj djuk ;ghvius dk;Z dh 'kqjQvkr gSA v;kiu ds igys gh fnu mUgksaus vius fo|kfFkZ;ksals dgk%

^tks izfr ls I;kj djrk gS] mlls viukiu j[krk gS] ogh izfr dh ckrsale> ldrk gSA ;qodksa! l`f"V dks ns[kks] vka[ksa[kksydj ns[kks] mldh lh[kksaij ;ku nksA ,slk djus ls gy iy] gj {k.k Kkuof gksxhA tks izfr ls laidZj[krk gS] oghmlds jgL;ksadks le> ldrk gSA vkids diM+s fdrus vPNs gSa ;k vkius cSad esa fdruk iSlk tek fd;k gS bu ckrksadksliQyrk dk ekinaM eu cuk;ksA vki lekt dh fdruh vkSj dSlh lsok dj ldrs gS] bl ckr ij thou dh lkFkZdrk fuHkZjgSA*

fiQj iwjh Dykl ij viuh izlUu utj nkSM+krs gq, mUgksaus dgk] ^pyks] vkt ge yksx xkao tk,axsA vkt rd fdlh us ughafd;k gksxk] ,slk dke djsaxsA xkao esa ?kwedj] iQsadh gqbZphtsamBkdj ykuk gSA VwVs&iQwVs crZu] fpeuh] nh;s] fMCcs] cksry] tksdqN feys ykvksA ge yksx ,d iz;ksx'kkyk cuk;saxs vkSj mlds fy, midj.k ,sls tek fd, tkrs gSaA fiQj mUgksaus viuh isVh

esals NksVs&NksVs midj.k fudkys] lcdks fn[kyk;sAizksiQslj vkSj Nk=k ,d vthc dke ds ihNs ?kwe jgs FksA lkjk xkao ?kwedj ?kj&?kj ls csdkj le> dj iQsadh gqbZ;k iQsadus

ds fy, lgsth gqbZ phtsa cVksj jgs FksA 'kke dks tc lc ykSVs rks tkus D;k&D;k tek dj ys vk, FksA izks dkoZj us ml VwVs&iQwVslkeku ds HkaMkj ds fy, Hkh vius Nk=kksa dks 'kkcklh nh vkSj dgk] tks dqN yk, gks mlesals dqN Hkh csdkj ugha] dqN lkekuvHkh mi;ksx us vk;sxk] dqN ckn esaA*

vkt Hkh vki VLdxh ds dkoZj E;wft;e esatkdj ns[ksaxs] rks D;k ik;saxs\ ftu csdkj oLrqvksadk mi;ksx djds vykckekdh izxfr ds dk;Zdk vkjaHk fd;k x;k Fkk] mu oLrqvksa dk laxzg vkt Hkh tru ls j[kk gqvk gSA feV~Vh ds rsyokyk iqjkukfn;k] mldh dkap ij ,d NksVk lk xksyk NksM+dj ckdh fgLls ij dkfy[k yxk dj! pk; dk duiQwVk di [kjd rks bhokjdh [kwaVh dh ewlyh! [kkyh Vhuksaij yscy yxkdj muesa jklk;fud nzoA Vhu ds i=kksaesa dhyksa ls NksVs cM+s Nsn cukdj

vyx&vyx vkdkj dh Nyfu;ka] mi;ksx\ feV~Vh Nkuus ds fy,!


38/86

Nk=k ,d ,slh iz;ksx'kkyk dk fuekZ.k gksrs gq, ns[k jgs FksA mUgsaviuh vka[kks ij fo'okl ughagksrk FkkA csdkj le>h x;hphtsa ;gka fuekZ.k dk;Z esatqV x;h FkhaA tks ,d ckj izksiQslj dkoZj dk Nk=k cuk og vkxs tgka dghaHkh x;k] jQdk ugha lektlsok ds dk;Zesa] [ksrh fdlkuh ds fdlh Hkh dk;Z esajQdk ugha] tks dqN lk/u miyC/ gq,] mUghals dke pykus esa mUgsadksbZeqf'dy ugha vk;hA dsoy eagxs vkSj vk/qfud lk/uksals fodkl dk;Zgksrk gks] ,slh ckr ughaA lk/kj.k oLrqvksa ls

vlk/kj.k liQyrk dSls izkIr gks ;g ckr ns[kks] tSls Hkh gks] vius HkkbZ;ksadh Fkkyh vUu ls Hkjs bl ckr dk egRo le>ksAmuds Nk=k vius f'k{kd dk ;g lans'k thou Hkj ugha HkwysA

izks dkoZj us iz;ksx ds fy, feyh gqbZ 20 ,dM+ tehu dh tqrkbZ'kq: dhA tehu dk s tksrus ds fy, tc mUgksaus Lo;agy tksrk rks ;g viwoZvtwck ns[kus ds fy, vklikl ds fdlku vkSj xakookys tek gq,A D;ksafd mu yksxksa us vkt rdfliQZdqnkyh gh pyk;h gSA ?kksM+s tqrk gqvk gy gks vkSj pykusokyk izksiQslj gks rks nksuksa gh muds fy, vtwck FksA ^gekjhmej chr x;h tehu tksrus esa vkSj ;s D;k ^u;k* fl[kk;saxs gesaA ,slk dgdj galh mM+kusokys rek'kkbZHkh FksA ysfdu izks dkoZjiwjh rjg 'kakr fpRr jgdj] galh [kq'kh lcls lkFk xi'ki djrs gq, viuk dke dj jgs FksA mUgksaus vPNh rjg tehu rS;kjdh] Nk=kksadks le>k;kA

^tehu esagy pykrs le; ;fn feV~Vh ds ks fd tehu T;knk xhyh gSA ,slh feV~Vh tehjgrh gS vkSj teh gqbZfeV~Vh esagok tM+ksard ugha igqap ldrhA blfy, cqvkbZls igys tehu dks HkqjHkqjh cukus ds fy,cgqr vPNh rjg tksruh pkfg,A*

tehu tksrus ds ckn mUgksaus lkjk tek fd;k gqvk dpjk] xkscj] fudkl okyh dhpM+] lw[ks iRrksadk dpjk lc [ksrksaesafcNk fn;kA fiQj ,d ckj tehu vPNh rjg tksrh x;hA /hjs&/hjs rek'kkbZHkh ;ku ls ns[kus yxsA galh mM+kus okys Hkh ns[kusyxsA [kwc xgjkbZrd tqrkbZgqbZtehu esaizksiQslj us vc tqrkbZ'kq: djhA ijarq cht ns[kdj lcdks cM+h fujk'kk gqbZA bruhesgur ds ckn cqvkbZ gks jgh Fkh eVj tSls nkuksadhA dikl ughaA

izks dkoZj vius fo|kfFkZ;ksadks crk jgs Fks] nygu oxZds vukt dh cqvkbZ D;ksagks x;h] ;g le>k jgs FksA cgqr lhouLifr;ka tehu dh ukbVkstu lks[k ysrh gSaA dikl cgqr cM+s iSekus ij tehu dh ukbVkstu ysrh gSA fdUrqnygu oxZesa

gok esa ls ukbVkstu [khapus dh {kerk jgrh gS vkSj os gok ls f[kaph gqbZukbVkstu tehu dks nsrh gSA vr% tehu dh ukbVkstudh ek=kk c


39/86

izks dkoZj ds ikl iwjh gqbZA*

VLdxh esamUgksaus viuk dke 8 vDVwcj 1896 dsk 'kq: fd;k FkkA rc ogka f"k foHkkx esafliQZ13 fo|kfFkZ;ksads ukentZ FksA ebZ 1897 esatc okf"kZd NqfV~V;ka'kq: gqbZard f"k foHkkx esa78 fo|kFkhZFks vkSj muesa rhu yM+fd;ka FkhaA

blh laLFkk ls f"k fo"k; dh Lukrd inoh ysus okys Vh ,e dSEicsy us viuh iqLrd esa fy[kk%

^vklikl ds okrkoj.k ds dkj.k vkSj vusdksa o"kksZa ls jQfkM+w] diM+s vkSj vius gkFkksa lscuk, HkO; Hkou ns[ks rks esjk vkRefo'okl cs vius ij fo'okl gksus yxkA*

;gh Vh ,e dSEicsy vesfjdk ds f"k foHkkx ds igys uhxzks iQhYM ,taV cusA izks dkoZj ds ikl i


40/86

vkjke feyus ls tehu rjksrktk gks tkrh gS vkSj mldh moZj'kfDr cknh fd ouLifr;ksadks dqN fo'ks"k phtksadh vko';drk gksrh gS] tehu Hkh viuh rjiQ ls dqN phtsa gh ns ldrh gSA ,slhifjfLFkfr esa fdlku ;fn iQly dh cqvkbZ ds le; bu ckrksa dks ;ku esaj[ks] tehu dh {kerk] iQly dh t:jrsa] bunksuksa ckrksadk leUo; lkFk lds rks tehu vkSj iQly nksuksa,d&nwljs dks vf/d ykHknk;h gks ldrs gSaA vPNs fdlku dkspkfg, fd og cqvkbZ ds le; ;g lHkh ckrsalkspsaA

vc vklikl ds fdlku viuh leL;kvksads lek/ku ds fy, izks dkoZj dh enn ysus vkrs FksA gj ,d ls lykg e'kfojkdjds O;fDrxr :i ls crkuk rks cM+h vPNh ckr FkhA ysfdu vxj ogh ckr mlh le; vf/d yksxksadks le>k;h tk;srks lgwfy;r gks] ,slk lkspdj izks dkoZj us ,d u;h izFkk dh 'kqjQvkr dhA

vc eSdkWu dkmQaVh ds fdlku gj eghus ds rhljs xqjQokj dks Ldwy esabdV~Bs gksrsA 'kq:&'kq: esalkB&lRrj fdlku vk;kdjrss] ysfdu tSls&tSls bl lykg ds iQk;ns iQly dh iSnkokj ij fn[kkbZ nsus yxs] fdlkuksadh la[;k chgqbZphtksa ls vPNh&vPNh phtsacukdj mudk izn'kZuA

'kq:&'kq: eas rks izn'kZfu;ksadk lkjk lkeku ,d [kVkjs ij j[kk tk ldrk FkkA ysfdu tSls&tSls f"k mRiknu esarjDdhgksrh x;h] izn'kZfu;ksadk foLrkj dkiQh cM+k gksrk x;kA lu~ 1903 esaizks dkoZj us eks aVxksesjh esa izn'kZuh yxk;hA bl izn'kZuhesa j[ks fofo/ lkeku ns[kdj] f"k {ks=k dh akfrdkjh izxfr ns[kdj fdlkuksads eu esa vk'kk,a tkx mBhaA vc n`f"ViFk esafuf'pr Hkfo"; FkkA

VLdxh Ldwy esagj lky iQjojh eghus esa ^fdlku laxBu* dh okf"kZd lHkk gksrhA VLdxh esaesyk yx tkrkA Ldwy dsvgkrs esa?kweus&fiQjus esa] Mk okf'kaxVu] izks dkoZj ls ckrphr djus esa mu xjhc uhxzks fdlkuksa dks fdruk vkuan feyrkA blokf"kZd lEesyu ds ckn lkjs c[ksM+s dks fucVkus esaLdwy okyksa dks iwjk grk Hkj dke djuk iM+rk Fkk ysfdu fdlh dks bl

dke ls f'kdk;r ughajgrhA Mk okf'kaxVu vkSj izks dkoZj th&rksM+ esgur djds ftl Hkfo"; dh vksj lekt dks ys tk jgsFks ml ckr ds lk{kh Fks os yksx!


41/86

vius e`nq LoHkko ls] fou;iw.kZO;ogkj ls vkSj vuwBs dk;ksZa ls izks dkoZj us xkaookyksads n; esaLFkku ik fy;k FkkA vknjvkSj fo'okl dk LFkkuA isM+&ikS/ksa dh chekfj;ak] tehu ds] [ksr ds jksx igpkuus okys bl izk;kid dks thrs&tkxrs balkudh chekfj;ksa dk Hkh Kku gS gh] ,slk ekudj xkaookys viuh gj f'kdk;r muds ikl ysdj vkrsA izks dkoZj ds fy, Hkh vc;s f'kdk;rsaû;h* ugha jg x;ha FkhaA nf{k.k ds fuokfl;ksads [kkus&ihus dh phtksaesa thou lRoksa dk loZFkk vHkko FkkA izks

dkoZj bl ckr dks tku x;s FksA blfy;s os xkaookyksadh chekfj;ksadk bykt dj ldrs FksA fofHkUu izdkj dh tM+h&cwfV;ksadk vdZvkSj jl fudkydj mUgsanok ds :i esaiz;qDr djrs vkSj fiQj mUgksaus ;g tM+h&cwVh dk cVqvk fNik dj ughaj[kkAxkaookyksadks fofHkUu ouLifr;ksadk vkgkj dh n`f"V ls D;k egRo gS] os fdruh ikSf"Vd gSa] ;g ckr le>k nhA bu ouLifr;ksadk vdZfudkyus dk rjhdk fl[kyk;kA lc dh chekfj;ksadk pkgsaog balku dh gks ;k ouLifr dh] bykt djusokys izksdkoZj dks xkaookys ykM+ ls MkDVj dgus yxsA f'k{kk laLFkk dh nh gqbZ MkDVjsV ls fdrus gh igys xkaookyksa us mUgsaMkWDVjhns j[kh FkhA

bu MkWDVj lkgc dh [kkfl;r ;g Fkh fd mudk [ksrh ds ckjs esa ;k fiQj LokLF; ds ckjs esa fn;k gqvk lykg&e'kfojk,dne eqr gksrk FkkA fliQZ ;gh ugha] dHkh&dHkh rks MkWDVj lkgc dksl&nks&dksl fdlh xjhc fdlku ds [ksr esa [kkn Myokusdh O;oLFkk djokrsA mudh bl ^foftV* ds le; os vklikl ds fdlkuksadks] muds cky&cPpksa dk ouLifr] izk.kh] feV~Vh]

lw;Z gok vkSj ikuh dk ijLij laca/ le>krsA izfr ds p ds ckjs esa voxr djkrsA fo"kSyh ouLifr;ksadh igpku crykrsAmUgsa igpku dj u"V dSls djuk pkfg, ;g ckr le>krsA

lkjs xkao okyksadk ,slk fo'okl Fkk fd bl i`Foh ry ij ,slh dksbZouLifr gS gh ugha ftls MkWDVj dkoZj u tkurs gksaAblfy, xkao okyksadks ,d vknr iM+ x;h Fkh fd dghadksbZ u;h ouLifr fn[kh ugha fd mls os MkWDVj dkoZj ds ikl ysvkrsA fiQj MkWDVj lkgc mldh mRifRr] mlls ykHk&gkfu] gj ckr foLrkj ls crkrs A bl vknr ds dkj.k muds Kku esarkso`f gksrh gh] lkFk esa,d ykHk ;g Hkh gksrk fd le; jgrs gh fo"kSyh ouLifr;kau"V gks tkrhaA fdlh ouLifr ij ;fndksbZfof'k"V jksx ;k bYyh utj vkrh rks MkWDVj lko/kuh dk vkns'k nsrsA ml jksx dks gVkus dk mik; djrsA MkWDVj lkgcdk dguk Fkk êkbdkSyksftLV dks fliQZjksxksadh igpku gksus ls dke ugha curk] mls rks ipkl o"kksZa ckn gksus okys jksxksadk

bykt djus dh nwj n`f"V gksuh pkfg,A*VLdxh xkao okys vc izks dkoZj ds ouLifr txr ds yxko ls Hkyh Hkkafr ifjfpr FksA jkg pyrs dHkh dksbZouLifr ;kfiQj dHkh dksbZ iRFkj mBkdj mldk fujh{k.k djus okys dkoZj dks lkjk xkao tkurk Fkk vkSj fiQj ml ouLifr ds ckjs esafdruh gh tkudkjh nsrsA VLdxh xkao esavkrs&tkrs jkg esa feyus okys xksjs yksx Hkh vc Mk dkoZj ls isM+&ikS/ksa] iQwy&iRrksads ckjs esa ckrphr djrsA mUgsavius cxhps fn[kkus ds fy, ys tkrsA viuh leL;k;samuds lkeus j[krsA izks dkoZj rqjar] ogha[kM+s&[kM+s muds lkjs iz'uksadk gy crkrsA nqckjk dghafeyrs rks ;kn ls iwNrkN djrsA ,sls le; o.kZoa'k ds lkjs Hksn feVtkrsA iQwyksa ds nhokuksadh muls dc nksLrh gks tkrh] irk rd ughapyrkA

tc ls izks dkoZj vykckek esa vk;s Fks] VLdxh Ldwy esa dk;Zdjus yxs Fks] rc ls gh gj oDr fdlh&u&fdlh leL;kdk lek/ku djus esa gh O;Lr jgs FksA Mk okf'kaxVu }kjk fdlh leL;k dk mYys[k djus Hkj dh nsj] Mk dkoZj mlds gy

esatqV tkrsA fiQj mls iwjk djds gh pSu ysrsAVLdxh Ldwy dk vgkrk ,dne :[kk&lw[kk Fkk] dghaij gfj;kyh dk ukeksafu'kk ughaA blh dkj.k ls Mk okf'kaxVu nq[kh

jgrsA tc Ldwy esadksbZ dk;Ze gksrk rks Nk=kx.k dke pykus ds fy, nks&pkj xeys ltk nsrs] vU;Fkk Ldwy esadksbZckx&cxhpk ugha FkkA Mk okf'kaxVu us vius eu dh ckr dghA cl! vc Ldwy dk vgkrk ^gfj;kyk* dSls gks bl ckr ijfopkj 'kq:!

Mk dkoZj us ixMaMh dh txg NksM+dj ckdh vgkrs esa cjeqMk tkfr dh ?kkl yxkbZA tjk dghagjh ?kkl mx vk;h fdfo|kfFkZ;ksavkSj f'k{kdksads iSjksarys jkSanh x;hA izks dkoZj us nqckjk iz;kl fd;k ysfdu urhtk ogh FkkA uksfVl cksMZyxkdjns[ks ysfdu dksbZykHk ughagqvkA ?kkl u"V gks tkrh vkSj fiQj ls ^tSls Fks*A vc izks dkoZj us viuh ;kstuk ij iqu% fopkj

fd;k] u;s fljs ls lkspkA dqN gh fnuksaesau;h ;kstuk dk ifj.kke lkeus vk;kA Ldwy dk vgkrk gjk&Hkjk fn[kus yxkA Mkokf'akxVu dh cjlksadh lk/ iwjh gqbZA mUgksaus izks dkoZj ls ;kstuk dh liQyrk dk jgL; iwNkA izks dkoZj us dgk] êSaus lkspk]


42/86

dqN Hkh djks] fdruk gh D;kas u le>kvks] yksx ckx viuh gh jkg pyrs jgrs gSa] dksbZ Hkh viuk ^jkLrk* cnyus ds fy,rS;kj ugha gksrkA blfy, eSaus dqN fnuksa rd mudh vkus&tkus dh vknrksaij ;ku fn;k] muds jkLrksads 'kkVZ&dV lc dkfujh{k.k fd;k] fiQj viuh ;kstuk esaFkksM+k lk ifjorZu fd;k vkSj jkLrs dks gh muds iSjksa rys ykdj j[k fn;kA cl! vcrks ?kkl vPNh iui jgh gS] ugha\* Mk okf'akxVu dks izks dkoZj dh prqj cqf] mudh loZlekos'kd n`f"V dk Kku FkkA vr%

os gj ekeys eas mudh jk; ysrsA izks dkoZj Hkh gj dke mruh gh yxu vkSj ftEesnkjh ls djrs FksA fliQZf"k foHkkx ghughavU; foHkkxksaesaHkh izks dkoZj dh ns[kjs[k ds dkj.k euekuh ugha gksrh] cfYd fdiQk;r ls dke gksrkA blls cpr ghgksrhA

uhxzks yksxksaesaHkh mRrj okyk vkSj nf{k.k okyk ,slk Hksn FkkA nf{k.k ds uhxzks] izks dkoZj dks ijk;k le>rsA mRrj okyksads vkpj.k] fopkj ifr] mPpkj.k nf{k.k okyksa dks ^mPp oxhZ;* yxrsA Mk dkoZj dks os yksx ;Sadh 'kkL=kK dgrsA izks dkoZjdh igyh ftanxh mRrj esa xqtjh FkhA blfy, muds jgu&lgu esa ckrphr esa mRrj dh laLfr lkiQ&lkiQ >ydrh FkhAvr% nf{k.k ds uhxzks lekt ls os vyx iM+ tkrsA Mk okf'akxVu dk cM+k HkkbZtkWu VLdxh Ldwy dk deZpkjh FkkA 'kq:&'kq:esatkWu vkSj mlds lkFkh deZpkjh izks dkoZj dk gj ckr esafojks/ djrsA dkj.k fliQZ ;gh fd izks dkoZj mRrj ds jgus okysgSaA Ms;jh foHkkx vkSj f"k foHkkx ds fy, vyx ls 'kkL=kK vkSj og Hkh mRrj okyk gks gh D;ksa\ blh ckr ij izks dkoZj

dk fojks/! izks dkoZj dks jgus ds fy, fn;k gqvk DokVZj Hkh ,d ne NksVk lk FkkA blfy, cgqr ls lanHkZxzaFk vkSj cgqrlk lkeku Hkh vHkh fiVkjksaesacan iM+k FkkA dHkh&dHkh rks ,slk Hkh gks tkrk fd dksbZfdlku ;k dksbZXokyk viuh leL;kgy djokus vkrk vkSj mlds fy, fdlh lanHkZxzaFk dh vko';drk gksrh tks fdlh fiVkjs esacan iM+k gksrkA bu deZpkfj;kasdh gsdM+h fliQZNksVs fuokl LFkku dh vykVesaV rd gh lhfer ughaFkh] os yksx jkstejkZds dkedkt esa Hkh n[kyankth djrsAizks dkoZj dks fdlh ckr dh vko';drk gksrh] rks mls dk;kZyhu yky&>aMh vo'; fn[kkbZ tkrhA izks dkoZj bu ckrksaij ;kugh ugha nsrsA deZpkjh dks ;g ckr Hkh vPNh ughayxrhA var esa tc bl O;ogkj ds dkj.k dkedkt esacM+h vlqfo/k gksusyxh rc izks dkoZj us Mk okf'kaxVu dks viuh lc vko';drkvksa ds vkSj dkedkt esavkus okyh eqlhcrksads laca/ esa ,dfyf[kr fuosnu fn;kA

Mk okf'kaxVu gh ,d ,sls O;fDr Fks tks izks dkoZj dk ewY; tkurs FksA mUgksaus mudh lkjh ekaxsaeatwj dj yhaA izks dkoZjdks cM+k fuokl LFkku fn;k x;k vkSj O;oLFkkidh; deZpkfj;ksadks Hkh ^le>k;k* x;kA

izks dkoZj dh losjs pkj cts gh mBdj ?kweus tkus dh vknr cu x;h FkhA viuh bl izHkkr iQsjh ds le; izks dkoZjvykckek dh cph&[kqph ouLifr;ksadk v;;u djrsA blh v;;u esagh mUgsafdruh gh vueksy ouLifr;ksadk irk pykAbuesals dqN tkfr ds isM+ksals cM+h etcwr vkSj fVdkmQ ydM+h fey ldrh FkhA izks dkoZj us ogka ds fuokfl;ksadks bu isM+ksads mi;ksxksals voxr djk;kA ouLifr;ksads lkFk&lkFk feV~Vh ds ckjs esaHkh vuqla/ku tkjh FkkA mUgksaus feV~Vh ds vyx&vyxuewus bdV~Bs fd;s Fks vkSj mudh dkiQh tkap&iM+rky dh Fkh fdarqvykckek dh feV~Vh vHkh rd oSlh gh igsyh cuh gqbZFkhA

,d fnu tc os ges'kk dh rjg ?kwedj ykSV jgs Fks rc vius gh [;kyksa esa Mwcs gksus ds dkj.k mUgsa jkLrs dk dhpM+ Hkjk

xM~k nh!* l`f"V nsork us feV~Vh ds jgL; dh xqRFkh lqy>k nhFkhA

izks dkoZj rqjar iz;ksx'kkyk esax;sA feV~Vh ds nkx diM+ksa ij oSls gh lt jgs FksA os iz;ksx'kkyk esafeV~Vh ij vuqla/ku djrsjgsA mUgksaus bl feV~Vh ls xk


43/86

feV~Vh ls vyx fd,A bu jax nzO;ksa dk pw.kZ] rsy ikuh vkfn lc feykdj muls mUgksaus iDds jax cuk;sA bu jaxksadks ydM+h]dSuol ij yxkdj mudh ij[k dhA tc mUgsaLo;a dks larks"k gqvk rc mUgksaus vius fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks bu iz;ksxksa ds fo"k; esafeV~Vh ds jaxksa ds egRoiw.kZvuqla/ku ds ckjs esacrk;kA

dqN gh fnuksa esamuds bu jaxksa dh ijh{kk djus okyh ?kVuk ?kVhA ekaVxksesjh xkao ds ikl gh ,d NksVh lh cLrh esaizks

dkoZj f"k fo"k;d ppkZdjus x;s FksA ppkZds fy, cqykus okys Fks xksjs fdlku vkSj lHkk dk LFkku Fkk ,d vk/k&v/wjkcuk gqvk ppZA lHkk cM+h vPNh gqbZA lHkk dh lekfIr ds ckn dh xi'ki esaizks dkoZj dks irk pyk fd iSls de iM+ x,Fks blfy, xkaookyksa dks ppZdks cxSj jax yxk;s gh j[kuk iM+k FkkA fdlku dg jgs Fks] ^vxj le; jgrs iqrkbZ ugha gqbZrksgekjh lkjh esgur csdkj gk s tk;sxhA rst gokvksa vkSj cjlkr esarks gekjk cuk;k gqvk ppZughafVd ik;sxkA*

^D;k jax bruk eagxk gS\* izks dkoZj us iwNkA ^gka! eagxk rks gSA oSls ns[kk tk;s rks cgqr gh eagxk gSA D;ksafd vxj dikldh iQly vPNh gqbZ rks gh ge yksx iSls tek dj ik;saxsA ysfdu mlls igys rks iwjh cjlkr fudkyuh iM+sxh vkSj cjlkresa;g fVdsxk ughaA*

^rks ,slh ckr gSA vPNk] vki yksx fcYdqy fpark er dhft,A eSa vki yksxksa ds fy, cf


44/86

VLdxh ds lekjksg esa Hkk"k.k nsrs gq, izks foYlu us Mk dkoZj dh rjiQ funsZ'k djrs gq, dgk%

^VLdxh esaf"k fo|k dh f'k{kk 'kq: gqbZ bruk gh dguk dkiQh ughagS] cfYd vc yksxksa ds lkeus f"k fo|k dk ,du;k vk;ke j[kk tk jgk gSA f"k 'kkL=k vc ,d u;h fn'kk esaizxfr dj jgk gSA ;g ;qxkUrj dk y{k.k gSA

^Mk okf'kaxVu us mRrj esa ykdj tks ikS/k nf{k.k esayxk;k Fkk og vc cM+k gh vPNk iui jgk FkkA*

Kku dh xaxk] le`f dh xaxk

VLdxh esa laxhr FkkA lqudj eu >we mBs ,slk e/qj laxhrA Mk dkoZj us igys dHkh lquk ughaFkk ,slk laxhrA gj jfookj'kke dks VLdxh Ldwy ds Nk=k izkFkZuk eafnj esabdV~Bs gksrs vkSj e/qj laxhr ls lkjk vodk'k Hkj nsrsA okrkoj.k dks foHkksjdj nsrsA Mk okf'axVu dk uke lqudj ns'k&fons'k ls yksx muls feyus vkrsA xqykeh eas tUesabu cPpksa ds laxhr dks lqudjesgeku foHkksj gks mBrsA ,d vuks[ks vuqHko dh Le`fr muds eu esacl tkrhA

Mk dkoZj dks bl jfookj dh 'kke dh izrh{kk jgrhA og laxhr mUgsa iqjkus fnuksa dh ;kn fnykrkA eka ds xhrksa dh xquxqukgVeu esa tkx mBrhA og laxhr Mk dkoZj dh vdsyh ftanxh esajkSud ykrk] thus dh vkl txkrkA

,slh gh ,d jfookj dks izkFkZuk eafnj ls ykSVrs le; mudh utj gksLVsy ds fivkuks ij iM+hA fdrus lkyksals mUgksaus fi;kuksctk;k gh ugha FkkA os ml fi;kuks ds djhc igqaps] gkSys ls mudh maxfy;kafi;kuksaij pyus yxhA mUgsa fdruh gh laxhrjpuk,a;kn vkus yxhaA Jherh feygkySaM dh fl[kkbZ gqbZjpuk,aA vkt mudh maxfy;ksals vc ^;knsaa* >j jgh FkhaA

va/sjk f?kj vk;kA Mk dkoZj dks dqN gks'k gh ughaFkkA os viuh gh /qu es a/qu&ij&/qu ctkrs pys tk jgs FksA

flEilu okyksads crk, gq, Hkfo"; ds vuqlkj dkoZj fp=kdkj ;k laxhrdkj ugha cus Fks] os rks cu x;s Fks ,d fdlku]nf{k.k dk Hkwfeiq=kA ,d NksVs] ysfdu esgurh Ldwy dk f'k{kd vkSj tM+h&cwVh okys MkWDVj vkSj gka] jaxjst HkhA D;k ;gvliQyrk Fkh\ ,d mQlj catj tehu dks mUgksaus uothou fn;k FkkA ogh catj tehu vc iQy&iQwy jgh FkhA mUgks aus ogkads yksxksadh vka[kksaij ca/h MkWylZdh ifV~V;ka gVkdj mUgsa ^ns[kuk* fl[kk;k FkkA os yksx Hkh vc feV~Vh esatM+h&cwVh esa]

iQwy esa iRrksa esa lek;s bZ'oj dks [kkst ysrs Fks] izfr ds jgL;ksadks le>us yxs FksA mtM+k ohjkuk vc iQyiQwy jgk FkkAgj chrusokyk fnu u;k dqN ns gh tkrk FkkA D;k ;g vliQyrk Fkh\ + + + vc Hkh os lksp jgs Fks] ;g rks fliQZvkjaHk gS]vHkh rks vkSj fdruk vkxs pyuk gSA

fi;kuks ij pyrs&pyrs maxfy;ka Fkd x;ha] os jQdsA vkgV ikdj ihNs eqM+dj ns[kk] fdlh us fn;k tyk fn;k FkkA jks'kuhesa ns[kk] njokts ij fdrus lkjs fo|kFkhZ[kM+s FksA oknu jQdrs gh os lc vkxs c gh ughajgk Fkk] os viuhtxg ls mBus yxsA

^ugha lj! mfB;s ugha] dqN vkSj ctk;sa!*

^vkt rd geus bruk 'kq vkSj ,slk lqjhyk laxhr dHkh ughalquk FkkA*^ysfdu cPpksa] eSadksbZ oknd ugha gwaA*

^lj! vki agh rks ges'kk dgrs gSa u\ fd vius ikl tks dqN gS] mls ^nsrs* jguk pkfg,A

mlh le; gksLVy dh ?kaVh ct mBhA jkstkuk jkr dk s lksus ds le; crkusokyhA fujQik; gksdj lc vius&vius dejksadh vksj py iM+sA Mk dkoZj Hkh yk SVs] ^dy losjs vius ^firk* ls bl ckjs esaiwNuk gSA*

vHkh fiNys dqN fnuksals f"k foHkkx ds dke dh O;kidrk cgqr c


45/86

FkhA ysfdu dy 'kke ds fi;kuks oknu vkSj Nk=kksadh iz'kalk ls eu esa,d u;k fopkj tUek FkkA

FkksM+k ldqpkrs gq, mUgksaus Ldwy ds dks"kkf/dkjh Jh okWjsu yksxu ds lkeus ,d izLrko j[kkA Ldwy ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa dkok|oÙn cukdj] muds tyls }kjk iSls tek djus dkA Jh yksxu Mk dkoZj dks vPNh rjg tkurs FksA mRrj ls vk;s gq,bl ferHkk"kh fouez 'kkL=kK ds vueksy xq.kksals voxr FksA vkt rd Mk dkoZj us ftl dk;Zesa Hkh gkFk fn;k Fkk mls vk'kk

ls dghavf/d liQy dj fn[kk;k FkkA feV~Vh ls lksuk mitkusokys dkoZj fliQZ izLrko ij gh fuHkZj gksdj Jh yksxu us iwjsnkSjs dh :ijs[kk cuk MkyhA

Mk dkoZj vc fi;kuks ij fu;fer fj;kt djus yxsA brus fnuksads vuqHkoksa ds ckn fo|kfFkZ;ksa dsk vius ^lj* dh fdlhHkh ckr ls vpjt ughagksrk FkkA vpjt djsa Hkh rks dkSu&dkSu lh ckr dh! vkSj og Hkh jkst&jkst!

nkSjk cM+k gh liQy jgkA bl ok|oàn ds dk;Zeksals os yksx vko';d fuf/ tek dj ys vk;sA mudk vkSj Hkh ,dykHk gqvk bl nkSjs esa] os vlyh ^nf{k.k vesfjdk* Hkh ns[k vk;sA ogkads vius nfyr uhxzks cka/o mudh xjhch] Hkq[kejh]mudh vKku + + + mudh misf{kr vkSj vHkkoksals Hkjh ftanxh] lc dqN viuh vka[kksals ns[k vk;sA

vc Hkh nf{k.k esaxqykeh dh izFkk cjdjkj FkhA cfYd mls LokHkkfod ekuk tkrk FkkA uhxzks dks nwljs ntsZdk ekuo gh

ekuk tkrk FkkA eqfDr ds ckn Hkh uhxzks ds lkekftd LFkku esadksbZ iQdZughagqvk FkkA vkt Hkh lkoZtfud LFkkuksa ij] lkoZtfudokguksa esa] ;gka rd fd m|kuksaesa Hkh uhxzks dks izos'k eukgh FkhA lM+d pyrs dHkh fdlh xksjs vkneh ls vkxs fudyus dkeryc Fkk dksM+ksa dh ekjA lkeus ls dksbZxksjk vkneh vk jgk gks rks jkLrk NksM+dj vyx gVdj [kM+k gksuk iM+rjk FkkA viuscy ij] esgur djds f'k{kk ikdj vxj dksbZukSdjh ;k O;olk; djrk Hkh Fkk rks mls Hkh jkst dh ftanxh esa vieku ds?kwaVs ihus gh iM+rsA fdlh us tjk Hkh izxfr djuh pkgh rks mls neu dk lkeuk djuk iM+rkA vkt Hkh uhxzks vius uke dslkFk Jheku ;k Jherh ughafy[k ldrs FksA vxj yxk fn;k rks ltk Hkqxruh iM+rh] peM+h m/sM+us rd dksM+ksa dh ekj! vkSjfiQj bl vU;k; dh dgha ij lquokbZHkh ughaA U;k; ekaxrs fdlls\ U;k; nsork Hkh xksjksads ghA ,slh vlqjf{kr fLFkfr esafiQj psgjs ij ykpkj galh dk mnkl vkoj.k pksiM+s] muesa jgus okys os uhxzks cka/oA viuk vfLrRo cuk;s

j[kus dh dksf'k'k esa th&rksM+ esgur djusokysA ,d >ksiM+s esajgus okys Hkh fdrus lkjs NksVs&cM+s lc ,d lkFk lkFk&lkFkmBuk] lkFk gh jguk] [kkukA [kkuk Hkh dSls\ pyrs&pysr ;k fiQj nhokj ls fVd dj mdM+w cSBsdj] gFksyh ij ysdj!!fcLrj&fcNkSuk ,slk dksbZ >a>V ughaA >ksaiM+s esauk rks f[kM+dh] u ijns] dqN Hkh rks ughaA T;knkrj >ksaiM+ksads fy, ik[kkuk Hkhughacuk FkkA tgkadghacuk Fkk og Hkh tSls&rSls cksjs ds ijns yxkdjA

[kkus dk lkeku Hkh nwj&nwj ds cktkjksals [kjhnk gqvkA cjlksa ls pyh vk phtsa] dqN buhfxuh phtsa ekal] vkVk vkSj dPpkxqM+A cl ;gh! vius >ksiM+s ds vklikl dh txg ij dqN mitk;k tk ldrk gS] tkuoj ikydj nw/] vaMs] ekal dh O;oLFkk

gks ldrh gS] bl ckr dh mUgsatkudkjh gh ughaFkhA cjlksals ;gh viw.kZ vkgkj pyk vk jgk FkkA ogka ds yksx thou lRods vHkko ds dkj.k isykxzk] LdOghZtSls jksxksa ds f'kdkj gksrs FksA ihus dk ikuh Hkh dksl&nks&dksl nwj ls yk;k gqvk blfy,ikuh dk vHkkoA tc ihus ds fy, gh ikuh dh deh gks rks vkSj dkeksads fy, ikuh dgkals feyrk\ bl deh ds ifj.kkeHkh Hkqxrus iM+ jgs FksA lkjh peM+h iQV jgh FkhA

tehu esaHkh njkjsaiM+ jgh FkhaA tehu ij chl&iPphl iQhV [kkbZ cu tkrh rks Hkh fdlh dks mldh fpark ughaA lkjk thou,d loZuk'k dh dxkj ij vkdj [kM+k gqvkA irk ughadc [kRe gks tk;sA

nkSjs ls ykSVus ds ckn izks dkoZj ds eu esa,d u;k fopkj tkx mBkA ^lkekftd psruk* dh vc furkar vko';drk Fkhabl fn'kk esa fopkj djus dk ,d fujkyk mie muds eu esavkdkj ysus yxkA êq>s vius ca/q&cka/oksa dks tkx`r djukgSA ;g esjh viuh uSfrd ftEesnkjh gSA*

tSls gh eu esa dk;Ze dh :ijs[kk rS;kj gqbZ] mUgksaus mls Mk okf'kaxVu ds lkeus j[kkA vius lekt dks vc ;g fl[kkukvko';d gS fd fdu phtksadk mRiknu djuk gS] dSls djuk gS fd mudk mi;ksx dSls gksA ;g lc lh[kuk gSA jgus ds


46/86

fy, ?kj cukuk] nw/ vkSj vUu ds fy, tkuoj ikyuk ;g Hkh fl[kkuk gksxkA bl dke ds fy, ges aVLdxh Ldwy dks muds>ksiM+ksard ys tkuk gSA*

Mk okf'kaxVu ,sls dk;Ze dks lgefr u n'kkZrs rks gh vk'p;Z dh ckr gksrh lu~ 1899 esaigys ^pyrs&fiQjrs f"kfo|ky;* dk tUe gqvkA izks dkoZj us vius lkjs dk;Ze dh fuf'pr :ijs[kk cukdj] lkjh vko';d phtsa bdV~Bh dhaA

fo|kfFkZ;ksa esals dqN dks pqukA lkjs midj.kksadks ,d Bsys ij pkrs FksA bu iz;ksxksads fy, midj.kksadh vko';drkgksrhA midj.kksa dks Bhd ls j[kus ds fy, ;ksX; Bsys dh t:jr FkhA izks dkoZj us iwjh iz;ksx'kkyk gh ltkus yk;d BsykxkM+hcuok;hA vc ;g pyrh&fiQjrh iz;ksx'kkyk xkao&xkao tkrh vkSj ogkads ikuh] feV~Vh dh tkap ds iz;ksxksa esalg;ksx djrhA

bl nkSjs ij izks dkoZj vius cka/oksa ds chp jgrsA muds >ksiM+ksaesa mUgha ds lkFk mBrs&cSBrsA vius e`nqcksy] fou;iw.kZO;ogkj vkSj LokHkkfod Lusg ls mUgksaus mu xjhc fdlkuksals viukiu tksM+ fy;k FkkA tc os yksx viuh f>>d NksM+dj[kqydj ckrsa djuk 'kq: djrs rc izks dkoZj mUgsaviuh ckrsale>krsA tehu dh tqrkbZdSls gks] xgjh rg rd [kqnkbZD;ksa

djuh pkfg,] cht dkSu ls gksa vkSj dSls gksa\ mu ij izf;k dSlh gks\ vkfn lkjh ckrsalgt ljy Hkk"kk esa le>krsA viusvkaxu dk ,d fgLlk gjh Hkkth ds fy, j[kus dh lykg nsrs A fcYdqy de [kpZdjds feyusokyh gjh Hkkth tSlh phtsamu xjhc fdlkuksa dks vkt rd ds rhu nq"V ^e* dkjksa ls NqVdkjk fnyk ldrh FkhA ;g rhu ^e* dkj Fks ehV (ekal)] ehy(vkVk) vkSj ekSykfll (dPpk xqM+)A lEiw.kZlarqfyr vkgkj ds vHkko esa bl lekt dks isyxzk vkSj LdOghZtSls jksxksaus lrkj[kk FkkA izks dkoZj us bu yksxksadks gjh Hkkth vkSj VekVj tSlh phtsa [kkuk fl[kk;kA vc rd VekVj dks fo"kSyk iQy ekuktkrk FkkA blfy, txg&txg ij VekVj [kkdj fn[kykuk iM+rk] ;g fl djus ds fy, fd og fo"kSyk ughagSA mlh rjgbu yksxksadks nygu oxZds vukt mitkus dh lykg nsrsA detksj tehu dh rkdr ckus ds ckn Hkh dksbZ&u&dksbZ cws dSls fl[kkvksxs\ rqe D;keq>ls T;knk tkurs gks [ksrh&fdlkuh\ iwjh mej eSa [ksrh gh dj jgk gwa] tkurs gks\ vkt rd rhu [ksrksadk liQk;k dj pqdkgwaA vc cksyks!*

;g 'kku] ;g enkZuxh!

;fn fdlh vakxu esachekj eqfxZ;kafn[kkbZnharks izks dkoZj muds nM+cs ns[krsA fiQj ekfyd dks le>krs] ^bu eqfxZ;ksadsnM+cksaesalw;Zizdk'k igqap ughaikrk] blfy, ogkaij cM+h ueh jgrh gS] ftlls eqfxZ;kachekj gks tkrh gSaA*


47/86

tokc feyrk] ^ughaoSlh ckr ughagSA bu vaMksa dk s iwue dks lsus Fks blfy, ;g eqfxZ;ka,slh gSaA* ,slk Fkk tarj&earjdk izHkkoA

izks dkoZj us ,slh fLFkfr;ksa eas Hkh gkj ugha ekuh FkhA os ?kj&?kj esatkdj viuk dke dj gh jgs FksA ckj&ckj viuh ckrle>krs FksA xkao&xkao ?kwe jgs FksA dHkh dksbZle>nkj fdlku mudh ckr eku ysrkA vius [ksrksaesamuds dgs vuqlkj dny

djrk] fiQj mls tks ykHk gksrk og ns[kdj mldk iM+kslh Hkh dkoZj dh ckr ekurkA izks dkoZj ch ckr eku ysus ls] mudkiQk;nk gh gksrk FkkA iQk;nk Hkh bruk vf/d fd vkt rd dHkh ns[kk gh u FkkA /hjs&/hjs yksxksadk fo'okl ckrsA yksx ckr 'kakfr ls lqurs] ysfdu ,dk/ vgadkjh xksjk cksy mBrk] ^cM+k vk;k gS dYyw]gesa fl[kkus ds fy,A*

dkoZj ,slh vogsyuk vulquh dj nsrs] ;ku gh ugha nsrsA

'kq:&'kq: esavukM+h fdlkuksa dks yxrk fd ;g izk;kid egk'k; dqN dfBu] le> esa vkus okyh ckr cryk;saxsA ysfdutc os ,d ckj izks dkoZj dh ckrsa lqu ysrs rks muds eu dk lkjk Mj fudy tkrk] lkjh 'kadk,a] lkjs lansg feV tkrsA

izks dkoZj us viuk Bsyk yxkus ds fy, vPNk fBdkuk usokykegkHkkx & fo'ks"kr% /eZxqjQ & bl izcks/u ls cM+s ukjkt jgrsA mudk dguk gksrk fd bZ'oj ds foJke ds fnu ,sls >a>Vu gksA dqN xksjs rks ,slh lHkk,a Hkax djus ds fy, rS;kj gh cSBs gksrsA dgrs] vkt rd gekjh n;k ij thus okys ;s fuXxj;gka ij D;ksa\ lp ckr ;g Fkh fd xksjksa ls vf/d vPNh [ksrh dj ldus okys ^dkys* mUgsa vPNs ughayxrs FksA okLroesanf{k.k esa fLFkfr ,slh Fkh fd xjhc xksjk fdlku vkSj uhxzks fdlku] vkfFkZd n`f"V ls nksuksaesadksbZiQdZ ugha FkkA ysfduxqykeh izFkk u"V gksus ls igys uhxzks dks fcYdqy nckdj j[kuk laHko FkkA vc Lora=krk ds ckn uhxzks dks cjkcjh dsvf/dkj izkIr Fks vkSj ml ij bl f"k lq/kj ls rks muds vkxs cnkj xksjs fdlku] /eZxqjQ Hkh bl pyrs&fiQjrs f"k fo|ky; ls ykHkmBkrsA izkR;f{kd iz;ksx ns[krs] f"k lq/kj viukrsA izks dkoZj Hkh fdlh ls lkSrsys O;ogkj ughadjrsA nf{k.k esalc dhleL;k,a,d lh gh FkhaA lHkh dks Hkw[k dh [kkbZls mckjuk FkkA ^tgkagks] ogha ls vkxs c


48/86

ifjiDo iQyksads jl dks lq[kkdj lap; djuk fl[kk;kA

yksxksa ds vkgkj fo"k;d vknrsa cM+h iqjkuh gksrh gSaA cjlksals pyh vkus ds dkj.k muls ,d izdkj dk eksg Hkh gksrk gSAbu vknrksadks vxj cnyuk gks rks tks u, inkFkZvkgkj esalekfo"V djus gSaos vkd"kZd vkSj Lokfn"V gksuk vko';d gSAvc izks dkoZj bl dke ds ihNs yxs FksA u;s&u;s O;atu cukdj ns[krs tks lqLokn gksrs lkFk&lkFk vkgkj dh n`f"V ls Hkh ifjiw.kZ

gksaA mUgsa;wjksi esaizpfyr inkFkksZadk Lokn ysus dk volj dSls feyrk\ os rks cl viuh rjiQ ls iwjk iz;Ru dj jgs FksAu;s&u;s O;atuksa ls nf{k.k ds vkgkj esafofo/rk yk jgs FksA ;g lkekftd tkxj.k fliQZvkgkj rd gh lhfer ughaFkkA diM+ksadh /qykbZdSls gks] 'kkjhfjd LoPNrk dSls j[kh tk;s] ijns dSls cuk;s tk;s] cPpksadk laxksiu] i'kq&lao/Zu] dqDdV ikyu,sls fo"k; Hkh bl izcks/u esalfEefyr FksA lkFk gh >ksiM+s ds ckgj ,d gh cM+h lh ldsa,slh lgt ljy Hkk"kk esa if=kdk,a Niok;haA xkao&xkao eas caVok;haA

bu if=kdkvksa esa fofo/ fo"k;ksa dk foospu gksrkA mnkgj.k ds rkSj ij ewaxiQyh ls rS;kj gksus okys 105 inkFkZ] VekVj dh

iSnkokj] mlls cu ldus okys 115 inkFkZA 'kdjdan dks laHkkydj j[kus ds mik;A lqvj ikyus dh tkudkjhA vykckek esai'kq&ikyu ls fdruk ykHk gks ldrk gS] xehZds fnuksa esaekal dks ued yxkdj lq[kkus ds rjhds] tehu dh rkdr c dj djrs] lkjh lkexzh dh ns[kHkky djrsA ftu yksxksadks muds f"klq/kj iz;ksx ds mRiknuksaesa jQfp gksrh os yksx vius iqjkus jhfr&fjoktksa dks NksM+dj izks dkoZj dks viuh laLFkk esavkeaf=krdjrsA bl ckr dk ifj.kke ;g gqvk fd uhxzks dks izos'k u nsus okyh fdruh gh laLFkkvksaus izks dkoZj dks vkeaf=kr fd;kA

;g pyrk&fiQjrk fo|ky;* pykuk cM+k esgur dk dke FkkA izks dkoZj bl dke esagkFk caVk lds ,slk ,d vPNk fo|kFkhZlkFkh feykA vius f'k{kd ds ekxZn'kZu esadke djrs&djrs og Hkh bl dke esa,dne flgLr gks x;kA ;g fo|kFkhZFkkFkkWel dSEicsyA vkxs pydj ;g Vh ,d dSEicsy igys uhxzks iQhYM ,taV ds :i esae'kgwj gqvkA vc ;g FkkWel dSEicsyizks dkoZj ds lkFk dSls vk;k] ;g ,d vuks[kh ?kVuk gSA


49/86

FkkWel dSEicsy dk cM+k HkkbZfoyh igys ls gh VLdxh Ldwy esais ,slk gh dqN u;k lh[kuk gSA f"k foKku!*

vFkkZr vkxs pydj FkkWel dks dHkh Hkh bl ckr ds fy, i'pkrki ughadjuk iM+kA

[ksrksa ij etnwjh djuk vkSj izks dkoZj ls [ksrh djuk lh[kuk bu esa cgqr iQdZ FkkA ^dSls\* vkSj ^D;k\* ds lkFk&lkFk^D;ksa\* bl iz'u dks iwNk tk ldrk FkkA izks dkoZj dks Hkh ;g ^D;ksa* iwNusokyk fo|kFkhZvPNk yxrk FkkA muds pyrs&fiQjrsfo|ky; ds dke esa Hkh ;g fo|kFkhZcM+k mi;ksxh fl gqvkA yacs] nqcys dkoZj vkSj rxM+k&ranjQLr FkkWel] ;g tksM+h iwjs

bykds esa izfl FkhA bl tksM+h dks u igpku lds] ,slk vkneh ml bykds esa eqf'dy ls feyrkA dkj.k ;g Fkk fdNksVs&ls&NksVs] nwjnjkt ds xkaoksaesa Hkh ;g tksM+h igqap tkrhA ;gkaBsyk ugha tk ikrk ml jkLrs ij [kPpjksa ij lkeku ykndjVhys&igkfM+;kayka?kdj ;g tksM+h tk igqaprhA izks dkoZj ds HkkxhjFk iz;Ruksa ls nf{k.k ds fdlkuksads vkaxuksa esa xaxk pydjvk x;h FkhA Kku dh xaxk] le`f dh xaxkA

izks dkoZj ds bl dk;Z ls vesfjdk ds iwjs nf{k.k izns'k dk dk;kiyV gqvkA ogkadk thou&Lrj mQapk mBkA ^pyrs&fiQjrsfo|ky;* us nf{k.k ds thou esa vHkwriwoZakfr dj nhA nf{k.k dh 'kku ca>V de djus ds mn~ns'; lsikl ds ^psgk* LVs'ku ls VLdxh Ldwy rd u;k jsyekxZcuk;k x;kA

Mk okf'kaxVu us vius bu liuksadks lkdkj* djus okys lg;ksxh dks osru esa o`f dk izLrko j[kk fdarqizks dkoZj us eukghdj nh ;g dg dj] ^vf/d iSls ysdj eSa D;k d:a\*

;g ckr Hkh lp gh FkhA lkjh /jrh gh ftldh viuh gks] lkjs txr dks tks viuk ?kj ekurk gks] og vius fy, vyxls dqN D;k ekaxrk\

Mk okf'kaxVu tgkaHkh tkrs vius Hkk"k.k esa vius ml fuLokFkhZfujadkjh lg;ksxh dk xkSjoiw.kZ mYys[k vo'; djrsA


50/86

^bl ns'k esa tEes yk sdksRrj iqjQ"kksa esa ls izks dkoZj ,d gSaA dk'k! gesa ,sls vk/k ntZu dkoZj vkSj izkIr gks ldrsA*

^pyrs&fiQjrs f"k fo|ky;* }kjk lekt ds izcks/u dk dk;Z'kq: djus esa liQyrk feyh] bl ckr ds fy, izks dkoZjges'kk rkFkZrk vuqHko djrsA os bl dke dks vius thou dk egRoiw.kZdk;Zekurs FksA bl gfjrakfr ls nf{k.k ds xjhcfdlkuksads thou esa[kq'kgkyh vk;h] ogkads thou dks ,d u;k vFkZfeykA

bl ^pyrs&fiQjrs f"k fo|ky;* dk vkxs pydj cgqr foLrkj gqvkA lu~ 1918 esa vykckek ljdkj us bl dk;Z dsfy, ,d cM+k Vd fnyok;kA fdlkuksaus Hkh vc bl fo|ky; ds egRo dks igpku fy;k FkkA tc igyk Vd iqjkuk gksdjfujQi;ksxh gks x;k rc fdlkuksaus pank tekdj 5000 MkWylZdk ,d vkSj cM+k Vd [kjhndj VLdxh Ldwy dks HksaV fn;kAfdlh le; vesfjdk dk ;g vkXus; fn'kk dk izns'k [kfut lEifRr] euq";'kfDr] ouLifr ds fygkt ls HkkX;'kkyh FkkAysfdu vc vius gh fd;s djk;s ls daxky cu x;k FkkA fiQj ml ij oa'ko.kZ Hksn ds >xM+sA lqtyke lqiQyke Hk wfe dkscatj cuk Mkyk FkkA ,slh fLFkfr esaizks dkoZj us viuk dk;Z{ks=k fliQZvius ca/q&cka/o ;ku esaj[krs gq, vius iz;klksadhckth yxk nh FkhA nf{k.k dks Lo;aiw.kZ cukus dh n`f"V ls vuqla/ku djrs jgsA viuh iz;ksx'kkyk dks fdlkuksads [ksrksa] ?kjksaesays x;sA

izks dkoZj dh lektlsok dks LFky dky ds ca/u ughaFksA mudh viuh futh ftanxh dqN cph gh ugha FkhA 'kk;n ^esjk*,slk dqN jgk gh ugha] v[kaM lekt dk;Z esa dHkh dk sbZck/k gh mifLFkr u gks] blfy, os vfookfgr gh jgsA

muds cka/oksa dks mudh vR;ar vko';drk Fkh] ekSteLrh ds fy, ugha] cfYd viuk thoueku laHkkyus ds fy,A izksdkoZj us vius bl drZO; ls dHkh vka[k ugha pqjk;hA

vesfjdk ds x`g&;qksads le; uhxzks lekt esa lk{kjrk izek.k Fkk 3 izfr'kr vkSj lu~ 1910 esaog 70 izfr'kr gks x;kFkkA Mk okf'kaxVu vkSj izks dkoZj vHkh Hkh larq"V ughaFksA f'k{kk ds {ks=k esa u;s&u;s iz;ksx dj jgs FksA

ogkads Ldwy dk ikB~;e iwjk djds fudyus okys fo|kfFkZ;ksadk Mk okf'kaxVu dk mins'k gksrk] ^rqe yksx tgkals vk;sgks] ogha vius xkao okil tkvksA vf/d iSls okyh ukSdjh


51/86

ysfdu gk;! ;g D;k gqvk! ,d lqcg ,d gknlk gks x;kA lc dh vka[kksads vkxs va/sjk Nk x;kA [kM+h iQly ds diklds MksMs tehu ij fxjs gq, FksA lkjh iQly dks vk/ baph ?kqu [kk x;h FkhA ?kqu dikl ij ugha] fdlkuksa dh vk'kkvksaijyx x;h FkhA fcYdqy gkFk vk;h iQly vc u"V gks x;h FkhA loZuk'k gks x;k FkkA iwjh nf{k.k ls vkks'k mBkA VLdxh rdigqapkA vthc ckr ;g Fkh fd lkjh nf{k.k ds dikl [ksrksa esa gaxkek djus okys bl ladV us VLdxh dh rjiQ jQ[k Hkh ugha

fd;k FkkA fliQZVLdxh dh dikl lqjf{kr cph FkhA izks dkoZj bl ckr dk jgL; tkurs FksA fiNys dbZlkyksa ls os ewaxiQyhdk v;;u dj jgs FksA bl ewaxiQyh dh mit us gh VLdxh dh dikl dks cpk;k FkkA ckr ,slh gqbZFkh fd lu~ 1904ds vklikl gh ;g dhVk.kqesfDldks ls VsDlkl izns'k esaizfo"V gqbZA ogka dh dikl dks rgl&ugl dj 1910 ds djhcvykckek esa ?kqlhA ek;dkWykWftLV gksus ds ukrs izks dkoZj mlds fooald :i dks tkurs FksA dikl dh iQly dk uk'k djusokyh bl dhVk.kq dk cankscLr rhoz jklk;fud nokbZ;ksals gks ldrk FkkA ysfdu xjhc fdlku bruh eagxh vkS"kf/;kadSls[kjhnrs\ vkS"kf/;ka fNM+dus ds vykok tehu dh xgjh rg rd [kksndj bl fo"kk.kqdks [kRe djuk vko';d FkkA lclsegRoiw.kZckr ;g Fkh fd dikl ij ckjckj vkusokys bl ladV ls cpus ds fy, dikl dh iSnkokj dk {ks=k gh e;kZfnrdjuk vko';d FkkA ftlls vxj dHkh fdlh ladV dk eqdkcyk djuk iM+s rks fdlkuksa ds cycwrs dh ckr gksA diklh dhykxr de djds mldh txg nwljh ,slh iQlysamitkuk vko';d Fkk ftu ij bl fo"kk.kq dk izHkko u iM+rk gksA tehu

dh moZjk'kfDr c


52/86

vkfn inkFkZcuk;sA ewaxiQyh yxkusokyksa dks tks ykHk gqvk mls ns[kdj vkSj fdlkuksa us Hkh ewaxiQyh dh iSnkokj dhA ml lkytcjnLr iQly gqbZA

mRrj vesfjdk ds ewaxiQyh [kjhnusokyksa dks fliQZ uedhu ewaxiQyh ds ckjs esagh tkudkjh FkhA vr% mruk gh eky fcdkftruk bl dke ds fy, vko';d FkkA ckdh dk eky iM+k jgkA fiQj ls Hkko fxjus yxsA fiQj fdlkuksadk vkks'kA vc

D;k gks\ izks dkoZj ds vkt rd ds ifjJe dks Hkwydj nf{k.k ds f

carver hindi

Documents