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V. LIABILITY FOR ACT OR OMISSION Art. 2180. The obligation imposed by Article 2176 is demandable not only for one's own acts or omissions, but also for those of persons for whom one is responsible. The father and, in case of his death or incapacity, the mother, are responsible for the damages caused by the minor children who live in their company. Guardians are liable for damages caused by the minors or incapacitated persons who are under their authority and live in their company. The owners and managers of an establishment or enterprise are likewise responsible for damages caused by their employees in the service of the branches in which the latter are employed or on the occasion of their functions. Employers shall be liable for the damages caused by their employees and household helpers acting within the scope of their assigned tasks, even though the former are not engaged in any business or industry. The State is responsible in like manner when it acts through a special agent; but not when the damage has been caused by the official to whom the task done properly pertains, in which case what is provided in Article 2176 shall be applicable. Lastly, teachers or heads of establishments of arts and trades shall be liable for damages caused by their pupils and students or apprentices, so long as they remain in their custody. The responsibility treated of in this article shall cease when the persons herein mentioned prove that they observed all the diligence of a good father of a family to prevent damage. (1903a) a. BY TORTFEASOR b. VICARIOUS LIABILITY b.1 BY PARENTS Art. 221. Parents and other persons exercising parental authority shall be civilly liable for the injuries and damages caused by the acts or omissions of their unemancipated children living in their company and under their parental authority subject to the appropriate defenses provided by law. (2180(2)a and (4)a )

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V. LIABILITY FOR ACT OR OMISSIONArt. 2180. The obligation i!o"e# b$ Arti%le 21&' i" #ean#able not onl$ (or one)" o*n a%t" or oi""ion"+ b,t al"o (or tho"e o( !er"on" (or *ho onei" re"!on"ible.The (ather an#+ in %a"e o( hi" #eath or in%a!a%it$+ the other+ are re"!on"ible (or the #aage" %a,"e# b$ the inor %hil#ren *ho li-e in their %o!an$..,ar#ian" are liable (or #aage" %a,"e# b$ the inor" or in%a!a%itate# !er"on" *ho are ,n#er their a,thorit$ an# li-e in their %o!an$.The o*ner" an# anager" o( an e"tabli"hent or enter!ri"e are li/e*i"e re"!on"ible (or #aage" %a,"e# b$ their e!lo$ee" in the "er-i%e o( the bran%he" in *hi%h the latter are e!lo$e# or on the o%%a"iono( their (,n%tion".0!lo$er" "hall be liable (or the #aage" %a,"e# b$ their e!lo$ee" an# ho,"ehol# hel!er" a%ting *ithin the "%o!e o( their a""igne# ta"/"+ e-entho,gh the (orer are not engage# in an$ b,"ine"" or in#,"tr$.The State i" re"!on"ible in li/e anner*hen it a%t" thro,gh a "!e%ial agent1 b,t not *hen the #aage ha" been %a,"e# b$ the o2%ial to *ho the ta"/ #one !ro!erl$ !ertain"+ in *hi%h %a"e *hat i" !ro-i#e# in Arti%le 21&' "hall be a!!li%able.La"tl$+ tea%her" or hea#" o( e"tabli"hent" o( art" an# tra#e" "hallbe liable (or #aage" %a,"e# b$ their !,!il" an# "t,#ent" or a!!renti%e"+ "o long a" the$ reain in their %,"to#$.The re"!on"ibilit$ treate# o( in thi" arti%le "hall %ea"e *hen the !er"on" herein entione# !ro-e that the$ ob"er-e# all the #iligen%e o( a goo# (ather o( a (ail$ to !re-ent #aage. 31405a6a. BY TORTF0ASORb. VICARIO7S LIABILITYb.1 BY 8AR0NTSArt. 221. 8arent" an# other !er"on" e9er%i"ing !arental a,thorit$ "hall be %i-ill$ liable (or the in:,rie" an# #aage" %a,"e# b$ the a%t" or oi""ion"o( their ,nean%i!ate# %hil#renli-ing in their %o!an$ an# ,n#er their !arental a,thorit$ ",b:e%t to the a!!ro!riate #e(en"e" !ro-i#e# b$ la*. 32180326a an# 3;6a 6Re!,bli% A%t No. '804 0 A.0 OF MA?ORITY FROM T=0NTY@ON0 TO 0I.>T00N Y0ARS+ AM0N0 87R8OS0 0A0C7TIV0 OR7N0R 87R8OS0SBe it ena%te# b$ the Senate an#>o,"e o( Re!re"entati-e" o( the8hili!!ine" in Congre"" a""eble#BBSe%tion 1. Arti%le 25; o( 09e%,ti-e Or#er No. 204+ the Fail$ Co#e o( the 8hili!!ine"+ i" hereb$ aen#e# to rea# a" (ollo*"BCArt. 25;. 0an%i!ation ta/e" !la%e b$ the attainent o( a:orit$. 7nle"" other*i"e !ro-i#e#+ a:orit$ %oen%e" at the age o( eighteen $ear".CSe%tion 2. Arti%le" 25D an# 25& o( the "ae Co#e are hereb$ re!eale#.Se%tion 5. Arti%le 25' o( the "ae Co#e i" al"o hereb$ aen#e# to rea# a" (ollo*"BCArt. 25'. 0an%i!ation "hall terinate !arental a,thorit$ o-er the !er"on an# !ro!ert$ o( the %hil# *ho "hall then be E,aliFe# an# re"!on"ible (or all a%t" o( %i-il li(e+ "a-e the e9%e!tion" e"tabli"he# b$ e9i"ting la*" in "!e%ial %a"e".CContra%ting arriage "hall reE,ire !arental %on"ent ,ntil the age o( t*[email protected] in thi" Co#e "hall be %on"tr,e# to #erogate (ro the #,t$ or re"!on"ibilit$ o( !arent" an# g,ar#ian" (or %hil#ren an# *ar#" belo* t*ent$@one $ear" o( age entione# in the "e%on# an# thir# !aragra!h" o( Arti%le 2180 o( the Ci-il Co#e.CSe%tion ;. 7!on the eGe%ti-it$ o( thi" A%t+ e9i"ting *ill"+ beE,e"t"+ #onation"+ grant"+ in",ran%e !oli%ie" an# "iilar in"tr,ent" %ontaining re(eren%e" an# !ro-i"ion" (a-orable to inor" *ill not retroa%t to their !re:,#i%e.Se%tion D. Thi" A%t "hall ta/e eGe%t ,!on %o!letion o( it" !,bli%ation in at lea"t t*o 326 ne*"!a!er" o( general %ir%,lation.[G.R. No. 70890. September 18, 1992.]CRESENCIO LIBI * an !"ELI! #!$LIBI, Petitioners, %. &ON.IN'ER"E(I!'E !$$ELL!'E CO)R',*ELI$E GO'IONG an S&IRLE#GO'IONG, Respondents.!+e, #. 'an, -or Petitioners."ar.o (. Ort./ an (an.+o 0. Ort./ -orPrivate Respondents.S#LL!B)S1. CIVIL LAW; QUASI DELICT; LIABILITY OF PARENTS FOR CIVIL LIABILITY ARISING FROM CRIMINAL OFFENSES COMMITTED BY THEIR MINOR CHILDREN; RULE. The pae!"# ae a!$ #h%&'$ (e he'$ p)*a)'+ ')a('e ,% "he -).)' ')a()')"+ a)#)!/ ,%* -)*)!a' %,,e!#e# -%**)""e$ (+ "he) *)!% -h)'$e! &!$e "he) 'e/a' a&"h%)"+ % -%!"%'0 % 1h% ').e )! "he) -%*pa!+0 &!'e##)" )# p%.e! "ha" "he ,%*e a-"e$ 1)"h "he $)')/e!-e %, a /%%$ ,a"he %, a ,a*)'+ "% pe.e!" #&-h $a*a/e#. Tha" p)*a+ ')a()')"+)# pe*)#e$ %! 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