case study klia
TRANSCRIPT
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BUILDING SERVICES III( QSM 605 )
ELEVATOR/LIFT
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GROUP MEMBERS : HASNI BINTI MAT IDRIS 2009488646 NURAZIEAN BINTI ISMAIL 2009609092 NUR AININA BINTI MOHD ALI 2009686544 NUR SYAZWANI BINTI MADZI 2009853364 AMIRA BINTI MOHD HUSSAIN 2009622704 MOHAMAD AZIZI BIN MERSAL 2009481662 HASLINDA BINTI ABDUL KADIR 2009489746 KU MOHD ASYRAF BIN KU AZIR 2009436062 MOHAMAD ZAKARIA BIN SIDEK 2009252802 NURUL FADZILAHWATI BINTI MAHZALAN 2009698566 NURUL TASHIDA BINTI MOHAMMAD TASRIF 2009823792
PREPARED FOR :
CIK NUR HIDAYAH BINTI IDRIS
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As a moving platform or cage for carrying passengers or freight from one level to another, as in a building.
The elevator as a platform or an enclosure raised and lowered in vertical shaft to transport people or freight.
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The most popular elevator design is the roped elevator. In roped elevators, the car is raised and lowered by traction steel ropes rather than pushed from below
It used electric motor to moved it. Electric Lift which is function with a
motor that powered by electric that hoisted the lift car up and down
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In other hand the hydraulic lift works with lift a car using a hydraulic ram, a fluid-driven piston mounted inside a cylinder.
It goes up and down by using the fluid driven system.
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LIFT COMPONENT
ELECTRIC LIFT HYDRAULIC LIFT
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LIFT COMPONENT
ELECTRIC LIFT HYDRAULIC LIFT
1) Lift Car To carry passenger. Travel by track, and hoisted to the lift motor.
To carry passenger. Travel by hydraulic ram on bottom of the lift car
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LIFT COMPONENT
ELECTRIC LIFT HYDRAULIC LIFT
2) Buffer To absorb the impact from the lift car, act as a safety device, its located at the bottom of the lift shaft
No buffer for the hydraulic lift , this due to the movement of the car by the hydraulic ram .
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LIFT COMPONENT
ELECTRIC LIFT HYDRAULIC LIFT
3) Lift door There are sliding door, 2 side opening doors. This for internal lift door.
Same
4) Landing door
Landing door is provided at each level. It is to provide as a safety to cover opening at each level.
Same
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LIFT COMPONENT
ELECTRIC LIFT HYDRAULIC LIFT
5) Lift motor room
The machine room is located at the above the lift shaft as this position reduce the length of the ropes and increase the efficiency. The room must be proper ventilated and well ventilated
The machine room is located at the bottom or side the lift shaft as this position reduce the length. There a few type of the operational for the hydraulic lift1)Direct acting2)Side direct acting3)Direct side acting 4)Indirect acting.
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LIFT COMPONENT
ELECTRIC LIFT HYDRAULIC LIFT
6)Guard rail Guide rail is built by using a T- shape metal, the function is to guide the lift car and the counterweight form out from the track and drive it to the vertical movement.
Same.
7) Brake This is fixed at the lift car and motor room. The brake is to allow the car stop, slowing, and preventing form the lift car crash.
Same.
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LIFT COMPONENT
ELECTRIC LIFT HYDRAULIC LIFT
8) Counter weight
The counter weight is made by the metal that connected to the lift car, this to balancing the car lift when travelling
No counter weight
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LIFT COMPONENT
ELECTRIC LIFT HYDRAULIC LIFT
9) Ram No Ram Allow the fluid to be pump up through the cylinder. The ram will push up the lift car and allow the car to travel level by level.
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At the first steps the passengers must press the level button
The door open when the car stop at the required level
Then the passenger push the button at the required level .
Then the system will received the instruction and then send the respond to the system to works the electric motor system
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It will process the information, than it will gives feed back to move to which floor required
Electric motor will spin the Sheave that will pull the cable
Counter weight act as balance weight to the lift car to stabilise the weight
The motor stops by command by the control system to ensure it stop at the required level.
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Main component 1. Control system2. Electric motor3. Sheave4. Counterweight5. Guide rails6. Lift Car7. Buffer
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The cylinder is connected to a fluid-pumping system.
The hydraulic system has three parts:
1) A tank (the fluid reservoir)
2) A pump, powered by an electric motor
3) A valve between the cylinder and the reservoir
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At the first steps the passengers must press the level button which will indicate to go up or down
Door will open when the car reach at required level.
System will received the instruction and then send the respond to the system to works the hydraulic system
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The pump forces fluid from the tank into a pipe leading to the cylinder
As the fluid collects in the cylinder, it pushes the piston up, lifting the elevator car
When the car approaches the correct floor, the control system sends a signal to the electric motor to gradually shut off the pump
Piston rests on the fluid, and the car stays where it is.
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TYPES/DIFFERENCES HYDRAULIC LIFT ELECTRIC LIFTDefinition Is a systems lift a car
using a hydraulic ram a fluid-driven piston mounted inside a cylinder
A systems lift car using a motor system housed in the machine room and connected to counterweight.
Speed Moderate speed and travel
High travel speed
Machine Room Positioned in the basement or first floor of the building
Separate machine room
Space Less space More space Safety (in event of fire) Easy access DifficultServices and maintenance
Less maintenance High maintenance
Suitability Suitable for low rise buildings
Suitable for high rise building
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ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGESRequired small plant room to operate the lift.
Cannot be used for tall building.
The installation of hydraulic lift is simple.
The maintenance of hydraulic lift is frequently required.
Car can be lowered manually by the operation of oil valve.
Noise from the pump and motor plus piping noise can be disturbing.
The lift shaft is smaller. Does not have buffer to prevent the falling of the car lift
Lower construction requirement and cost.
Uses a lot of energy
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ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGESAvailable for high rise applications
Lift design consideration is complicated
Quiet and smooth ride Higher installation costFast speed and efficient performance
Need large space
No limitation to the rises up Needs a deeper lift shaft Not require an oil to operate the system
Required completes servicing at regular interval
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SPACE
Required more space for lift lobby,
lift shaft, lift machine room, etc.
Basic parameters for elevator traffic
calculations ( lift lobby consideration) :
1) for office buildings - the planned
office space
2) for hotels - the number of hotel
rooms
3) for residential buildings - the
number and size of apartments
Required less space
Does not have lobby which required
uses of a large area.
However its need proper planning to
minimize the area used by escalator by
choosing suitable arrangement of
escalator.
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WAITING TIME
Does have waiting time for users.
Waiting time is meant for lift
movement plus lift door to be open.
Average waiting time for :
* office building with prestige : 20-25
sec.
*other buildings : 25-30 sec.
*residential and hotels : 40-100 sec
Does not have waiting time.
Users are freely used the escalator.
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REQUIREMENT
Type of building :
*High-rise building (over 5 floors level)
Type of building :
*Commercial Building, example ;
shopping complex, railway station, office
building, etc.
CAPACITY OF USERS / LOADING RATE
Low capacity of users due to size of lift
car and also lift loading rate.
High capacity of users due to no
waiting time required and also high
loading rate of escalator.
Number of passengers the population
of each story is determined by the usable
floor space.
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MAINTENANCE COST
High maintenance cost
Maintenance for operation room
(machine), cleaning, etc.
Confined space and high risks to do
the maintenance works at the lift
shaft.
Low maintenance cost
Maintenance for main components
(motor) cleaning, etc.
Open space to do the maintenance,
low risks.
DISTANCE
For long distance travel over a large
number of floors.
For travel over a small number of
floors
(eg : shopping centres, railway
station)
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MOVEMENT PATTERN
Vertical movement Inclined movement
Escalator arrangement :
*Parallel
*Multiple parallel
*Cross-over or criss-cross
*Walk around
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25 million passengers and one million tonnes of cargo a year.
Operations on June 28, 1998.
The airport is built on 10,000 hectares (25,000 acres - one of the world's largest construction site)
Cost : US$3.5bn
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The vertical transportation system is designed to the standard of the latest state-of the – art technology available.
The design took consideration of the functionality of the areas served, security impact and the latest technology available to commensurate with this building.
In general, the vertical transportation design for this building can be categorized into:
Passenger/Service Lifts/Elevators.Car park liftEscalators
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Jabatan Bomba dan Penyelamat (BOMBA)
Jabatan Keselamatan dan Kesihatan Pekerja (JKKP)
Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB)
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Performance of lifts shall be based on the following parameters:
Car capacity Passenger Lifts : 21 persons / 1450 kg
Fire Lift / Service Lift: 24 persons / 1600 kg
Car Park Lifts : 15 persons / 1000 kg
Car Speed Passenger Lifts : 4.5 m/s (High Zone)
Car Park Lifts : 1.75 m/s
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The lift operation drivers systems use at KLIA is electrical drives motor.
The figure shows the combination of escalators and electric lift at KLIA.
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Location: Kept as near to the centre of gravity of the car as possible.
The number of guide rails depends upon the loads to be handled and the sizes available for use
The guides are drawn from steel
Guide rails
Guide shoes
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The counterweight provides traction between the ropes and sheave, by balancing the weight of the car
Counterweights usually consist of a steel frame of welded.
Counter weight frame
Weight
Hocking down angle
Buffer blocking
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Car frame was made by steel and the lift well is from high durability glass
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The function of the door operator, or door engine, is to open and close the lift doors in a safe and swift manner.
Various methods are used, but the most common is an electric door operator mounted on top of the car.
When the lift arrives at a floor, a mechanical device couples the car doors to the landing doors.
As the car doors open they also pull open the landing doors.
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Electric door operator Motor
Door Hanger
Door Track
Driver Arms
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The condition when the sliding door lift at KLIA is opening.
Two-speed-centre-opening
Sliding Door Panel
Door Track
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Buffers are placed below the car and counterweight to arrest them should they over travel into the lift pit.
SpringStandStroke
Piston assembly
Buffer
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Steel ropes used for hoisting lift cars; each strand consisting of a number of wires
Steel with a high carbon
Rope size: 19mm.
Rope lay: Lang's lay.
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Help to make a lift more 'user friendly' and will improve service.
While these items will contribute greatly to the appearance of the lift.
Their prime function is to inform users of what is happening and/or to enable instructions to be given to the lift control system
Some of the fixtures :
Push ButtonLift Position IndicatorHall Lantern/Lobbycar operating panelsany signsmagnetic card readers key-pads
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The light indicators give easily view each of the buttons represent the levels.
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Indicators should be provided within the car and on the main landing.
On single units, an indicator at all floors is a useful addition which provides users with a visible indication of the progress of the lift.
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Hall lanterns should always be provided at each landing for groups of two or more cars and may be provided on single lifts, if desired.
The lantern should illuminate and chime before the car arrives at the floor to alert waiting passengers
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At the top of wells located the electric motors.
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