Case that established the precedent of

“clear and present danger” when

determining what is free speech.

Famous case that declared

segregation to be illegal in the public

setting.

Case which was used to expand the right to an attorney to all felony cases.

Famous case which set exclusionary

rules to the use of evidence found in police searches.

Case which established the

mandate of “one person, one vote”

which forced states to have districts of equal

population.

Term that refers to a person who has

not made a decision and is

willing to listen to all sides of an

issue.

Act of trying to influence legislators to support a certain

issue.-

All the people who are eligible to vote

in an election.-

Term that refers to the idea that people do not care about

political issues.

Process of selecting candidates to run for office---usually done by primary elections.

Movement that is begun by common

people

Elections are do not allow the use of

political parties---usually for position

that are seen as non-political such as

school boards.

Generic term for what the majority of

the public may believe about an

issue—can be very misleading as a majority may

represent only 51%.

Group of people with similar beliefs about

an issue.

Term that refers to a person is has already formed an opinion or

listens only to one side.

-

A person who is somewhere in-between

the major political parties and may have

some beliefs which favor one side and other

beliefs that favor the other party.

Term for a district or area

Term that describes a public document that explains what the party believes.

Term that refers to what the party’s

policy is on a single issue.

Meeting held every four years when

Presidential candidates are

chosen and the party develops official policy beliefs.

Group of people with similar beliefs about government.

Where more than two parties compete for control and many

times a coalition government has to

be formed.

Term that describes when two or more

parties join together in order to make a majority in a multi-

party system.

A person who favors less government or

a government that is less involved in

people’s lives and is less open to

reforming ideas.

Term that describes people who are in

favor of more government

involvement and more likely to be open to reform.

Case which established the

policy of reading a list of certain rights

to accused criminals upon

their arrest.

Case which tested free speech and established that non-violent, non-

disruptive protest is protected speech.

Supreme Court case that established the

limits of school personnel to search

students while at school.

Case which challenged

affirmative action laws and mandated that quotas can not

be used.

Case which determined that flag

burning was protected as free

speech.

Conservative

Schenck v. US Brown v. Board Gideon v. Wainwright

Mapp v. Ohio Reynolds v. Sims

Miranda v. Arizona Tinker v. Des Moines New Jersey v. TLO California v. Bakke Texas v. Johnson

Political Party Multi-Party System Coalitions Liberal

Impartial Lobbying Electorate Apathy Nominating

Moderate Precinct Party Platform Party Plank National Party Convention

Grassroots Movement

Non-Partisan Election

Public Opinion Interest Groups Bias

Two or more businesses that act as

if they are one business and do not compete against one

another.

Relaxation of rules governing a type of

business.

Group of workers who join together in order to gain better

conditions.

Process where workers join

together and make demands as a larger

group in order to gain leverage with their employers.

Owner tactic where they fire troublesome

workers and try to keep them from

future employment.

Situation when a nation is importing

more goods than it is exporting---this cause more money to leave the nation than enter

the nation.

NAFTA—Free trade agreement made between the US,

Canada, and Mexico.

Group of European nations that have

joined together in a free trade union.

World Council that seeks to alleviate world problems.

Part of the United Nations which

oversees the security and peace of the

world.

Economic fund that combines the money of many investors and is

operated by a professional fund

manager who makes the investment

decisions.

These are certificates issued to investors who loan

their money to businesses or

governments and are repaid with

interest.

Items which are traded out of the

nation.

Items which are traded into a nation.

Economic term describing the

relationship between a nation’s imports

and its exports.

Term describing the process of spending more money than is

brought in as revenue.

Idea that a budget should never spend more money than its

has received.

Price paid to borrow someone’s money.

Item of value that is promised in order to borrow a large sum

of money.

Place where shares of corporations or

mutual funds are sold on the open market.

Tax that is based on the money one earns and this tax

is usually progressive.

Tax that is placed upon certain items

such as gas, alcohol, and cigarettes.

Tax rate that is placed upon certain items as they are imported into the

nation.

Economic term for the money that is

received.

Economic term for the money that is spent.

Laws in many states which allow workers to choose whether to join the

union or not—usually have

weakened the power of unions.

Process where two groups within a

dispute try to use a third party to give a suggested solution to their problem.

Process where two groups within a

dispute go to a third party who is given

legal binding authority to decide

the issue.

Tax that is based on the ability of a

person to pay and people who make

more money should pay a greater percentage.

Tax that is paid on an equal percentage by everyone---can be

unfair to those with less of a disposable

income.

--

Trust Deregulation Labor Union Collective Bargaining

Blacklist

Right to Work Laws Mediation Arbitration Progressive Tax Regressive Tax

Income Tax Excise Tax Tariff Revenue Expenditures

Trade Deficit NAFTA European Union United Nations Security Council

Deficit Balanced Budget Interest Collateral Stock Market

Mutual Fund Bonds Exports Imports Balance of Trade

Term describing the situation when one nation produces a product better or

cheaper than other nations.

Idea of dividing labor into individual tasks in order to increase

productivity.

Economic idea that a larger business can operate at a more

efficient rate because of its bulk. Same

concept applies when buying items in large

quantities.

Economic idea that a person loses the

chance to do something when you

make a choice.

Economic idea that you deliberately make a decision and do so knowing the other

options would be lost.

How the government regulates the

amount of money in circulation.

Policy of allowing less money to be created within the economy---usually

through higher interest rates.

Policy of allowing more money to be created within the economy—usually

through lower interest rates.

Business that controls most or all

the supply of a particular good or

service.

Two or more businesses becoming one larger business.

Ups and downs of the economy

Value of all the goods and services

produced in the nation each year—used as a measure

of economic growth.

General rise in the value of goods and

services—rise in inflation caused

value of money to decrease.

Survey of many goods and services that are compared to the same goods and services over

time to measure the increase or decrease

in prices.

How the government taxes and spends its

revenue

Business that is owned by two or

more people who are trying to pool their

resources.

Business that is owned by a great number of

stockholders who share in the profits of the business yet risk only what they have

invested.

Piece of ownership in a corporation.

Piece of the profits from a corporation.

Economic idea that a person only risks the amount they have invested within a

corporation.

Economic situation where individuals make most of the

choices.

Economic situation where individuals and government share the power over economic

decisions with individuals owning

smaller businesses and government owning

the largest.

Economic system where the

government takes a hands-off policy as proposed by Adam

Smith

Another name for the market economy

where individuals risk their capital for a chance to gain a

profit.

business that is owned by one

individual—most common form of

business in the United States.

Land, Labor, Resources,

Management

Money used to start or run a business.

Machines or tools that are used to produce other

goods.

Primitive economy where almost

everything is made by hand.

Economic situation where the

government is in control of the factors

of production.

--

Comparative Advantage

Division of Labor Economies of Scale Opportunity Cost Trade Off

Factors of Production

Capital Capital Goods Traditional Economy Command Economy

Market Economy Mixed Economy Laissez-Faire Capitalism Sole Proprietorship

Monetary Policy Tight Money Policy Easy Money Policy Monopoly Merger

Partnership Corporation Share / Stock Dividend Limited Liability

Business Cycle GDP Inflation Consumer Price Index

Fiscal policy

Type of charge that someone who actually uses a

service is charged----water fees for

example

Laws that are based on agreements and conflicts between

individuals.

Right of Americans to be released if

they are not formally charged with a crime after being detained

by police.

Type of law that would punish a

person without a trial----these types of

laws are illegal according to the

constitution.

Type of law that might try to punish

someone for an act in past that is now

considered illegal---these laws are also

illegal under our Constitution.

Situation when demand is greater than the supply of a product---price

will usually increase.

Situation when supply is greater

than demand---price will usually decrease.

Idea that a person’s demand for a

product will reach a maximum no matter

the price.

Idea that a supplier will reach a point when increased

production will not increase profits.

Economic term for the amount of work

produced in a given amount of time.—

Increased productivity causes prices to

decrease and fights inflation.

Idea that there is not enough of a product for everyone to have and this fact causes goods

to have a price that determines who is

willing to pay for that product.

Value assigned to a product according to the forces of supply and demand for that

product.

Economic idea that suppliers will supply more of a product as

the price for that product increases.

Economic idea that buyers will demand

more of a product as price decreases.

Point where the supply curve and the

demand curve intersect, creating the

value of a product.

Court hearing when a defendant issues their plea of guilty or not-

guilty.

Process where a defendant agrees to plead guilty in order to receive a lighter

punishment.

Legal term for the people who

represent the government in a

criminal case.

Term that refers to the questioning of a witness by the attorney on the

opposing side with the intent of discrediting

that witnesses testimony.

People who are not yet of age to be

considered an adult.

Legal term for how a person steals

from their employer.

Idea that punishments are

used in order to help someone be a better

citizen.

Laws that require that judges impose certain sentences in certain situations.

Initial court appearance when a person is told the initial charges and

their bail is set.

Formal process of a grand jury finding

that enough evidence exists to take a

defendant to court.

Term explaining the idea that an

accident was caused by the

careless actions of another person.

Court order to stop an action.

Legal term for the laws (statutes) passed by our government.

Legal term for taking the property of another person.

Legal term for taking someone’s property or money through

false statements or trickery.

Preliminary Hearing

User Fees Civil Law Habeas Corpus Bills of Attainder Ex Post Facto

Negligence Injunction Penal Code Larceny Fraud

Embezzlement Rehabilitation Mandatory Sentencing

Indictment

Shortages Surplus Diminishing Utility Diminishing Return Productivity

Arraignment Plea Bargaining Prosecution Cross Examination Juveniles

Scarcity Price Law of Supply Law of Demand Market Price

Special elections that are usually held

around May that are used to nominate

candidates.

Process of using advertisements that focus on the faults

and shortcomings of your opponent

rather than your goals.

Groups that are formed in order to

raise money for candidates running for

office---they are limited to a 5,000

donation to an individual candidate.

Proposed legislation that would limit the

amount of money used by candidates to run for office because of

the influence that campaign donors may

receive.

Term that refers to the way most

elections are won---not my majority vote

but by getting the most votes.

Term that refers to the addition of

more land into a city or town.

Type of city government with an

all elected leadership---Council

passes city ordinances while the

mayor carries out those laws.

Type of city government with an elected council who

makes law and a hired official who carries out those

policies.

Group of officials who make

determinations about what types of

buildings and the uses of buildings

that are allowed in certain areas.

Most important local tax source---based on a person’s belongings and is a very stable

form of taxes.

Local medical official who establishes the cause of death and conducts autopsies.

Local official who is responsible for the

upkeep of all county records such as birth certificates and land

deeds.

Local official who is in charge of

prosecuting criminal cases on the local

level.

Term for local laws—also referred to as blue laws in some

areas

Official recognition from the state of a local government’s

power.

Recent North Carolina case about funding

issues in local school districts.

Local version of a Constitution—It is

given to local governments by the

State.

Group of people who govern the affairs of county government.

Hired official who runs the day-to-day operations of county or city government.

Local law enforcement officer

for a county.

Voting that is done before election day because a voter is going to be unable to vote on election

day.

Special election between two

candidates who did not achieve a

majority of the vote—usually done in primary elections.

Head of the state executive branch

and leader of state government.

Elected position that is similar to the Vice President but on the

state level.

Name for the North Carolina Legislature

Process where voters in certain states are able to put proposed

legislation on the general ballot to be

approved or rejected by voters.

Process whereby legislators place

proposed bills on the general ballot for approval after the legislators have

already passed the bill.

A voter may encounter one of

these as he leaves the polls so that the media may better

predict the winner of elections.

Voting only for the same political party all the way through

a ballot.

Voting for candidates from either political

party.

Lieutenant Governor

Primary Election Negative Advertising PAC’s Campaign Finance Reform

Plurality

Initiative Referendum Exit Polls Straight Ticket Split Ticket

Absentee Ballot Run-off election Governor General Assembly

Annexation Mayor Council Council Manager Zoning Boards Property taxes

Leandro Case Charter County Commissioners

Manger Sheriff

Coroner Clerk District Attorney Ordinances Incorporation

The absence of any form of government.

A form of government where each citizen has an

actual say in the affairs of

government.

A form of government where

citizens elect representatives to make decisions for

them.

A form of government led by a

king or a queen.

Type of government where individuals and

government share ownership in major

businesses and government takes on a greater role in citizen’s

lives.

Plan presented during the French and Indian War by Ben Franklin that

proposed the unification of the

colonies in order to win the war.

British law that prohibited the colonists from

crossing beyond the Appalachian Mountains.

Passed in July 1776 and written by Thomas

Jefferson—This document proclaimed the independence of

the colonies and gave the reasons for our

proclamation.

Battle where the colonists defeated

the British and convinced the

French to join on the American side.

Place where the colonial army nearly froze to death in the

winter of 1777 because of a lack of

supplies.

People who have fled their homes because

of war or famine.

First government in the Jamestown,

Virginia—It was a form of

representative democracy

Agreement signed by the Pilgrims that

created a direct democracy for the Plymouth Colony.

Law that created religious freedom in Maryland in 1649.

Idea proposed by John Locke that citizens

create government to provide them with security and if that requirement is not

fulfilled then they have a right to break it.

This is when a person has unfair thoughts or

beliefs about a particular group of

people.

This is when a person acts in an

unfair manner toward a particular

group of people.

Government program designed to

help women and minorities gain

access to jobs in order to compensate

for past discrimination.

This term refers to the “invisible wall” that many women and minorities feel when it comes to

climbing the corporate ladder.

Idea that special efforts made to make up for past racism are in fact discriminating

against others.

Process where non-citizens gain citizenship.

Formal permission for a non-citizen to

be in a nation.

The process of being expelled from a

nation.

Things that all citizens are required

to do.

Things that all citizens should do but

are not required to do.

Type of government where

the government owns and controls all aspects of life for its citizens.

Type of government that is usually

controlled by one person who allows very little freedom

or opposition.

Form of government where little freedom

or opposition is allowed.

Government that is ruled by a small group of people.

Type of government that is ruled by

religious leaders.

Duties

Anarchy Direct Democracy Representative Democracy

Monarchy Socialist

Communist Dictatorship Totalitarianism Oligarchy Theocracy

Naturalization Visa Deportation Responsibilities

Albany Plan Proclamation of 1763

Declaration of Independence

Saratoga Valley Forge

Prejudice Discrimination Affirmative Action Glass Ceiling Reverse Discrimination

Refugees House of Burgesses Mayflower Compact Toleration Act Social Contract

Last battle of the Revolutionary War

with the British surrender to

Washington’s Army in 1781.

First government of the United States—

Was a weak government with

few powers and only lasted a few years

until it was replaced.

Event that occurred when Massachusetts

farmers revolted over high state

taxes and caused people to realize the

weakness of the government.

Meeting called in 1787 in Philadelphia to

revise the Articles of Confederation however the delegates decided to replace the Articles

with a stronger government.

Government proposed by James

Madison at the Convention—It called

for a three branch government with a

legislature based on population.

Idea that the Constitution should be defined by the

exact wording used.

Idea that the Constitution should be defined by using a broader definition of the words used.

Idea that the Constitution’s

meaning should be determined by what

the Founding Fathers had written it to mean in their

time.

Power of the government to take land from citizens when needed for public benefit as

long as the citizen is compensated.

Type of jury that determines whether

there is enough evidence in a case to

formally charge (indict) someone with

the crime.

Powers that are given only to the national government such as the power to declare war, raise an army,

coin money, or make treaties

Powers that are shared by all levels of government such as the power to tax,

pass laws, and enforce laws.

Powers that are only given to the states such as education,

marriage laws, zoning regulations.

Statement in Article I of the Constitution allows Congress to

stretch its enumerated powers to do almost anything in the best

interests of the citizens.

Powers that are not specifically written in the Constitution but are interpreted to

exist.

Idea that the government is not

allowed to do certain things.

Many of these are listed in the

Constitution or the Amendments.

Idea that all three branches of

government are designed so that they

have the ability to stop other branches from becoming abusive.

Idea that the powers of government

should be divided so that government will

be less likely to abuse the rights of

citizens.

Idea that people have the right to rule themselves

through the democratic process

of voting.

System of having multiple governments on the national, state, and local levels that

are able to better respond to the needs

of citizens.

Political group who opposed the new Constitution and

thought it lacked a specific list of

people’s rights.

Set of Amendments that were proposed

at the request of Anti-Federalists to guarantee certain basic rights to the

people.

Introduction to the Constitution that

lists the purposes of government in the

United States.

Statement in Article IV of the Constitution that

says states will acknowledge the laws

of other states and cooperate with one

another over fugitives.

Statement of Article VI states that the national

government is the highest form of

government in the nation and that the

Constitution is above all forms of government.

Government plan presented by

William Patterson that called for a

legislature based on state equality

and a group executive power.

Agreement made at the Convention of

1787 that created a two house legislature with one house based on population and the other based on state

equality.

Agreement made at the convention of 1787 that slaves

would count as 3/5 a person for the

census to determine the population of

each state.

Agreement at the convention of 1787 that Congress would not tax exports and slave trading could

be banned in 20 years.

Political group who supported the

passage of the new Constitution and its

stronger government.

“Full Faith and Credit” Clause

Yorktown Articles of Confederation

Shay’s Rebellion Constitutional Convention

Virginia Plan

New Jersey plan Great Compromise 3/5 Compromise Stave Trade Compromise

Federalists

Anti-Federalists Bill of Rights Preamble Supremacy Clause

Strict Interpretation Loose interpretation Original Intent Eminent Domain Grand jury

Limited Government Checks and Balances

Separation of Powers Popular Sovereignty Federalism

Enumerated Powers Concurrent Powers Reserved Powers Necessary and Proper Clause

Implied Powers

Idea that all citizens are guaranteed fair treatment by the

government.

Right of all citizens to not be charged

with the same crime after they have been acquitted by a jury

of that same crime.

Payment that is required of a person

before that are allowed to cast a vote---This is now

illegal according to the 24th

Amendment.

Legal term for publicly telling a

false and damaging statement about

someone .

Idea that one’s speech is not free if that speech could endanger the lives of people around them.

Established by the Supreme Court in

Schenck v. US.

Action taken by a legislative

committee that places a bill to the side without a vote

of approval or denial.

Meetings held by legislative

committees in order to allow public comments and

information to be given to legislative

committees.

Right of a Senator to hold the Senate floor

for am unlimited amount of time—

usually threaten as a form of killing or revising a bill the Senator opposes.

Special vote taken by the Senate that would require a Senator to

give up the floor during a filibuster---requires a 2/3 vote---

very difficult to achieve.

Type of Congressional vote where the name of each legislator is

called out and a vote recorded—mostly

done electronically today.

Leader of the House of Representatives and usually the majority

leader of the House who has great power in

setting the agenda for the House of

Representatives.

Mostly symbolic position given to the

longest serving Senator from the majority party.

Permanent committees of

Congress who study, revise, and pass

legislation.

Term that refers to how long a member

has been in Congress and is

important in assigning committee

memberships.

Proposed law

Power of the House of Representatives

whereby all revenue producing

bills must be introduced in the

House of Representatives.

Term describing the acquiring of revenue for the government.

Leader of the political party with the most members

within the legislature.

Leader of the political party who does not have the

majority seats within a legislature.

Member of each political party who is responsible

for preliminary voting intentions and trying to

influence party members to vote as a group on important

issues.

Term that refers to the number of

representatives assigned to a state

based upon its population.

Drawing a district’s boundaries in an odd

shaped manner in order to benefit one political party over

another.

Term defining the people who live

within a legislators district.

Right of a Congressmen to send job-related

mail without postage.

Formal vote of disapproval of a

legislator’s conduct.

Statement in the 1st Amendment that

forbids the government from

proclaiming an official religion within

the United States.

Famous phrase from a letter by Thomas

Jefferson that discusses his belief in the role between the

government and religion.

Legal term for the false and damaging

printing of a statement about a

person.

Idea that the government must have some reason to believe

a citizen has done something wrong in

order to obtain permission to search

their person or belongings.

Idea that legislators should only be

allowed a maximum number of years in office in order to encourage more involvement in government.

Franking Privilege

Due Process Double Jeopardy Poll Taxes Slander Clear and Present Danger

Establishment Clause

Separation of Church and State

Libel Probable Cause Term Limitations

Apportionment Gerrymandering Constituents Censure

Pigeonhole Public Hearings Filibuster Cloture Roll Call Vote

Power of the Purse Appropriations Majority Leader Minority Leader Party Whip

Speaker of the House

President Pro-Tempore

Standing Committees

Seniority Bill

Special committee made up of legislators from the House and

Senate who try to work out differences in bill

that passed both houses in different forms.

Process where the President does not

sign a bill and Congress has

adjourned and after ten days the bills dies rather than becoming law.

Ability of Congress to pass a bill after the President has

vetoed it---but only if they can pass it again with a 2/3

majority.

Process of electing the President—each state is assigned a number

of electors --a majority of electoral votes is

required to be elected otherwise the House

chooses the President.

Term referring to the large number of

people who work for the government.

Agency within the national

government who is responsible for enforcing the nation’s laws.

Department of the US government that works to insure the

safety of the nation’s food supply.

Agency within the national government

that insures the safety of workers.

Part of the Health and Human Services

department that tries to provide basic medical services to the elderly and the

poor.

Agency within the government that

researches diseases and treatments.

Offices that represent the US government in

foreign nations.

Official identification for US citizens who want to travel to foreign nations.

Government Agency who is responsible

for collecting taxes.

Group made up of the highest ranking

officers in each of the military branches who advise the President on military matters.

Leader of the Justice department who is

responsible for enforcing the nation’s

laws.

Person who works closely with the

media on behalf of the President.

Part of the White House Office that

helps the President design a budget for the United States.

Group of people who advise the President

on matters of National Security.

Group of people who lead the different

departments of the executive branch.

Executive department that deals with foreign policy.

Legal term for someone being

forgiven for a crime that was

committed.

Legal term for delaying the

punishment given to someone.

Legal term for giving a pardon to a large

group of people.

Term for the people who work closely with the President

and his staff.

Person who works closest to the

President and serves as the main advisor to

the President.

Term for orders given by the President in

order to carry out his duties as Chief

Executive—the orders have the same force

as law.

Speech given by the President each year to describes the situation of the nation and the speech is required by

the Constitution

System of giving government jobs to one’s friends and

supporters—Sometimes this system

was abused and unqualified people were appointed.

Process where famous or influential

people give their support to someone

who is seeking office.

Legal term for being free from prosecution.

Administration

Conference Committee

Pocket Veto Over-ride Electoral College Bureaucracy

Executive Orders State of the Union Patronage Endorsements Immunity

Pardon Reprieve Amnesty Chief of Staff

FBI USDA OSHA Medicare-Medicaid CDC

Press Secretary OMB National Security Council

Secretaries State Department

Embassies Visas IRS Joint Chiefs Attorney General

Agency that makes sure that the foods and medicines that are available to the public are safe for

consumption.

Department that tries to improve the conditions of urban areas and provide

low income housing.

Agency that investigates aviation

accidents and regulates air traffic.

Agency that provides services to

the nation’s veterans.

Newest department that works to keep

the nation safe from terrorist activities.

Term describing the written decision

of the justices on the winning side on

a Supreme Court decision.

Term that describes the written opinion of a justice(s) who agrees with the majority but

may have slightly different reasons.

Term that describes the written opinions of a justice(s) who disagreed with the majority in a court

decision.

Famous case that established Judicial

Review

Famous Case that declared segregation to be legal across the

nation.

Ruling given by an Appeals or Supreme Court that means the verdict in the original

trial was fairly reached.

Ruling in an Appeals or Supreme Court

case that mean the original verdict is

placed aside and the case is thrown out.

Ruling in an Appeals or Supreme Court

case that means the case was unfairly

reached and a new trial is ordered in a

lower court.

Authority to hear a case after it has been heard in a

lower court.

Power of the Supreme Court to examine a

law and determine its constitutionality.

Term that refers to people who choose to work in an agency or

department of the government.

System of giving government positions to those who are well

qualified for those positions by

administering job-specific tests.

Term meaning the authority to hear

and decide an issue.

Lowest level of federal court---uses a jury to decide guilt

or innocence.

Federal Court that hear cases on first appeal and uses a panel of judges to determine whether the trial was fair.

Parts of the executive branch whose job is to control certain

industries or parts of the economy.

Agency that tries to protect the

environment.

Agency that controls the nation’s banking

system.

Agency that controls the activities of the

media

Term that refers to the sometimes unnecessary

paperwork that is required by the

government in order to insure due process.

Government agency that

inspects visitors and goods that

come into the US

Agency that works to help citizens after

a natural disaster has occurred.

Agency that is responsible for controlling the

process of naturalization and

the visas for foreigners visiting

the nation.

Independent agency that oversees the

pension program for the elderly and the

disabled.

Executive agency that works to collect

information about foreign nations.

FCC

FDA HUD FAA VA Homeland Security

Customs FEMA INS Social Security CIA

Regulatory Commissions

EPA Federal Reserve Red Tape

Majority Opinion Concurring Opinion Dissenting opinion Marbury v. Madison Plessy v. Ferguson

Civil Service Merit System / Pendelton Act

Jurisdiction District Court Appeals Court

Uphold Overturn Remand Appellate Jurisdiction Judicial Review