case western reserve university forever young myths, mysteries, and mayhem in the universitys...
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Case Western Reserve University
Forever YoungMyths, Mysteries, and Mayhem in the University’s History
Richard BaznikInstitute for the Study of the University in Society
August 20, 2004
Approaching Two Centuries
1800 1825 1850 1875 1900 1925 1950 1975 2000
1800 1825 1850 1875 1900 1925 1950 1975 2000
* * * *
1826:Western ReserveCollege founded
in Hudson
1880:Case School of Applied
Science founded inDowntown Cleveland
1967:Western Reserveand Case federate
to formCase Western Reserve
University Today
Trends/Events in the Nation and World
1800 1825 1850 1875 1900 1925 1950 1975 2000
1800 1825 1850 1875 1900 1925 1950 1975 2000
Abolitionist Movement Immigration + Migration
Western Migration NewDeal
Industrial Revolution ►►►► Urbanization
D
Space, Microelectronics,Molecular Biology….
@Iron Ore
DD D D D D
W W W W W W W W W
Cold War
Baby Boom
RightsMovements
Reconstruction
1800 1825 1850 1875 1900 1925 1950 1975 2000
Pre-History
1800 1825 1850 1875 1900 1925 1950 1975 2000
Industrial Revolution ►►►► Urbanization
Abolitionist Movement
W W W W W W W W W
Immigration + Migration Cold War
DB. Boom Space, Microelectronics,
Molecular Biology….
RightsMovements @Iron Ore
Reconstr’n
Western Migration
DD D D
D D
NewDeal
Earlyimmigrantsto the area
fromConnecticutand othereasternregions
The Western Reserve of ConnecticutInitially awarded to the Connecticut Colony by King Charles II in 1662; boundary refined in 1786
CT
OH
WesternReserve of
Connecticut
The Western Reserve of ConnecticutMap by William Sumner of Nelson in Portage County, September 1826
1800 1825 1850 1875 1900 1925 1950 1975 2000
1800 1825 1850 1875 1900 1925 1950 1975 2000
*WRC ●
Finally, A College for the Western Reserve
Industrial Revolution ►►►► Urbanization
Abolitionist Movement
W W W W W W W W W
Immigration + Migration Cold War
DB. Boom Space, Microelectronics,
Molecular Biology….
RightsMovements
Iron OreReconstr’n
Western Migration
DD D D
D D
NewDeal @
Medicine
Ending Slavery: Abolition vs. Colonization
Town vs. Gown, Gown vs. Gown, and Town vs. Town in Hudson
Group Abolitionists Colonizationists
Goal Immediate end to slavery
Voluntary emigration of freed slaves to Africa
Nat’l. Leaders
William Lloyd Garrison
John Brown
Frederick Douglass
James Madison
John Marshall
Henry Clay
Local Leaders
John Brown Family
Prof. Elizur Wright
Rev. Beriah Green
Pres. Charles Storrs
David Hudson
Pres. Charles Storrs
Diversity on the Campus
John Sykes Fayette, Class of 1836, was the first African American student to enroll at Western Reserve College. He was an ardent abolitionist who later became a minister.
John Sykes Fayette, Class of 1836,shown years later with his wife.
1800 1825 1850 1875 1900 1925 1950 1975 2000
Social and Economic Strife
1800 1825 1850 1875 1900 1925 1950 1975 2000
*WRC ●
Industrial Revolution ►►►► Urbanization
Abolitionist Movement
W W W W W W W W W
Immigration + Migration Cold War
DB. Boom Space, Microelectronics,
Molecular Biology….
RightsMovements
Iron OreReconstr’n
Western Migration
DD D D
D D
NewDeal @
Medicine
Medical Education for WomenSix of the first seven women to earn medical degrees in the United States
were graduates of Western Reserve College’s Medical College of Cleveland.
Dr. Nancy ETalbot ClarkM.D., 1852
Dr. EmilyBlackwell
M.D., 1854
Dr. Marie E.Zakrzewska,M.D., 1856
Dr. Cordelia A.Greene
M.D., 1856
Dr. ElizabethGrisell
M.D., 1856
Not Pictured: Dr. Sarah A. Chadwick, M.D., 1856
1800 1825 1850 1875 1900 1925 1950 1975 2000
Growth and Innovation
1800 1825 1850 1875 1900 1925 1950 1975 2000
*CSAS
*WRC ●
Industrial Revolution ►►►► Urbanization
Abolitionist Movement
W W W W W W W W W
Immigration + Migration Cold War
DB. Boom Space, Microelectronics,
Molecular Biology….
RightsMovements
Iron OreReconstr’n
Western Migration
DD D D
D D
NewDeal @
●Move toUniv. Circle
●●
“WRU”Adelbert
C. for WomenLaw
Dentistry
●
●Graduate Sch.
●●
Medicine
Strong Leadership for Growth
LeonardCase, Jr.
Flora StoneMather
Charles F.Thwing
AmasaStone
Case School of Applied Science
• Leonard Case, Jr., a classically educated lawyer, endowed the region’s first technological school
• He was a leader of the Arkites, area residents interested in natural history
• School was started at the Case family homestead on Cleveland’s Public Square
• Moved to University Circle next to WRU in 1886
Case Main Building, first structure onthe campus of the Case School of
Applied Science
Amasa Stone: Ashtabula Train DisasterIn December 1876, more than 80 people died when a Lake Shore and Michigan train bridge collapsed.
• Investigation blamed bridge design, construction• Recent study faults fabrication of one component• Stone may have launched civic and philanthropic acts –
including moving WRC to Cleveland – to atone
The Education of Women
• No formal provision for women students in undergraduate programs until 1872
• After intense debate, coeducation ended in 1887
• College for Young Women opened in 1888 -- Flora Stone Mather was a principal benefactor
• “Flora Stone Mather College” (1931) absorbed into Western Reserve College in 1972
Viola Smith Buell,Class of 1876,
first woman to earnundergraduate degreefrom Western Reserve
College
Thwing: A Primal Force
• President for 31 years (1890-1921)
• Developed WRU as a national graduate university committed to its city
• Started several new schools and departments
• Knew every student by his or her first name
• Wrote more than 50 books
• Co-founder of the NAACP
Michelson and Morley
Albert A. MichelsonCase Physicist
Edward W. MorleyWestern Reserve Chemist
Michelson-Morley Experiment (1887)Disproved the prevailing theory that light waves traveled through a “lumeniferous aether”
Schematic drawing of Michelson-Morley Interferometer
“Good Fences Make…”
Adelbert College (left) and Case Main Building, c. 1888
University Circle (when there was a circle)
Postcard view of trolley turn-around in the Circle in the early 1900s
View looking southwest toward Western Reserve and Case
1800 1825 1850 1875 1900 1925 1950 1975 2000
Urban and International Issues
1800 1825 1850 1875 1900 1925 1950 1975 2000
*CSAS
*WRC ● ● ● ●Libr.Sci.
SASSNursing
Industrial Revolution ►►►► Urbanization
Abolitionist Movement
W W W W W W W W W
Immigration + Migration Cold War
DB. Boom Space, Microelectronics,
Molecular Biology….
RightsMovements
Iron OreReconstr’n
Western Migration
DD D D
D D
NewDeal @
●Move toUniv. Circle
●●
“WRU”Adelbert
C. for WomenLaw
Dentistry
●
●Graduate Sch.
●●
Medicine
“Rich as Rockefeller” – Or NotJohn D. Rockefeller, a Cleveland for several decades, was a generous donor to
local charities, including Western Reserve and Case.
• New York native; moved to Cleveland in his teens to work.
• Founded Standard Oil Co. of Ohio in 1870 with other investors.
• Devoted Baptist who directed his giving to address church’s priorities.
• Moved back to New York in 1883. In 1887 gave funds to a small Baptist institution in Chicago that in 1890 became the University of Chicago.
John D. Rockefeller,from a 1917painting byJohn Singer
Sargent
When is a Gargoyle Just a Gargoyle?
Legend has it that a gargoyle glares at Case from the tower of Amasa Stone Chapel.
• Did WRU trustees want to show spite toward Leonard Case, Jr., who was an atheist?
• Chapel was gift of two daughters of Amasa Stone, who would not have allowed spiteful action.
• Designed by a Boston architect with no ties to local lore, politics.
• Design based on a European church -- common to place a gargoyle on the west wall.
1800 1825 1850 1875 1900 1925 1950 1975 2000
Depression and Renewal
1800 1825 1850 1875 1900 1925 1950 1975 2000
*CSAS
*WRC ●Medicine
●Move toUniv. Circle
●
●
●
“WRU”Adelbert
C. for WomenLaw
Dentistry
●● ●
Libr.Sci.
SASSNursing●
●ClevelandCollege
●
●
Graduate Sch.
“CIT”
●
Industrial Revolution ►►►► Urbanization
Abolitionist Movement
W W W W W W W W W
Immigration + Migration Cold War
DB. Boom Space, Microelectronics,
Molecular Biology….
RightsMovements
Iron OreReconstr’n
Western Migration
DD D D
D D
NewDeal @
●“Mather”
Partisan Spartan? Disliking Viking?
• Tomlinson Hall (built by Case Institute in 1947) features this fellow over its main entrance.
• Rumor: It’s a “Spartan” or “Viking” glaring eastward toward Adelbert College in return for the gargoyle on the chapel.
• Architect: It’s “the Searcher, ever seeking new things in the world and in science…” (even, it seems, at Western Reserve University).
Seeking knowledge, not revenge.
Meet Gaston Fafufnik, CIT ‘51
• Local example of the perennial humor by upperclassmen: the incoming freshman
• “Last of a long line of Fafufniks to matriculateat Case…”
• “Gaston has diligently immersed himself in student activities…”
1800 1825 1850 1875 1900 1925 1950 1975 2000
Population and Knowledge “Explosion”
1800 1825 1850 1875 1900 1925 1950 1975 2000
*CSAS
*WRC ● ●● ●Libr.Sci.
SASSNursing
●ClevelandCollege
●“CIT”
●
●●● Systems Design
Jennings C. C.Study of Materials
Bus.Admin.
*Federation
Industrial Revolution ►►►► Urbanization
Abolitionist Movement
W W W W W W W W W
Immigration + Migration Cold War
DB. Boom Space, Microelectronics,
Molecular Biology….
RightsMovements
Iron OreReconstr’n
Western Migration
DD D D
D D
NewDeal @
●Move toUniv. Circle
●●
“WRU”Adelbert
C. for WomenLaw
Dentistry
●
●Graduate Sch.
●●
●“Mather”Medicine
What is a “Federation?”
1967 merger of CIT, WRU:• Unprecedented in higher
education• “Equal partnership” (thus the
choice of language), but still highly emotional for many
• Football teams merged in 1970 (competed until then)
• Intense political, economic, demographic changeEditorial cartoon from The Plain Dealer,
January 1966
1800 1825 1850 1875 1900 1925 1950 1975 2000
A Modern Research University
1800 1825 1850 1875 1900 1925 1950 1975 2000
*CSAS
*WRC ● ●● ●Libr.Sci.
SASSNursing
●ClevelandCollege
●“CIT”
●
●●● Systems Design
Jennings C. C.Study of Materials
Bus.Admin.
*Federation
CaseWesternReserve
University
Industrial Revolution ►►►► Urbanization
Abolitionist Movement
W W W W W W W W W
Immigration + Migration Cold War
DB. Boom Space, Microelectronics,
Molecular Biology….
RightsMovements
Iron OreReconstr’n
Western Migration
DD D D
D D
NewDeal @
●Move toUniv. Circle
●●
“WRU”Adelbert
C. for WomenLaw
Dentistry
●
●Graduate Sch.
●●
●“Mather”Medicine
Institute for the Study of the University in Society