Introduction

A man-made disasters is a disaster resulting from human intent, negligence, or error.

Manmade disasters can be both intentional and unintentional. It results in huge loss of life and property. It further affects a person's mental, physical and social well-being.

Reasons For Man-Made Disasters

There are multiple factor that may relate to manmade disasters

Ignorance

Unawareness

Illiteracy

Carelessly handling danger

Chemical

Weapons

Types of Man Made Disasters

Nuclear Disaster

Nuclear disaster are the types of disaster that falls in this category is nuclear bomb. When this occurs, it is often as a result of intent and the end results are even more catastrophic with a large percentage of those involved losing their lives.

Chemical Disasters/Industrial Disasters

By their nature, the manufacture, storage, and transport of chemicals are accidents waiting to happen. Chemicals can be toxic, and they may react, often explosively. The impacts of chemical accidents can be deadly, for both human being-environments.

Fire disasters

Bush fires, forest fires, and mine fires are generally started by lightning, but also by human negligence or arson. They can burn thousands of square kilometers

Deforestation

Forest is an

important source

for satisfying

people's demands

and needs.

Thus, undoubtedly

people would try to

exploit forest

resources. This

process of

exploiting forest is

called

deforestation.

Historical Examples of man made disasters

1. London’s Killer Fog

2. The Al-Mishraq Fire

3. Dioxin Pollution

Precautions for man made disasters

1. One should not look at the fire as it causes instant blindness

2. Should close all doors and windows as radioactivity does not penetrate into solid structures

3. Cover all food and water

Nuclear Accidents:

Chemical Agents

1. Use protective equipment.

2. Give quick and correct self-

aid when contaminated.

3. Avoid areas where

chemical agents exist.

4. Decontaminate your

equipment and body as

soon as possible.

Fire Accidents

1. The biggest main reason might be poor wiring and faulty electrical equipment, leaking gas or carelessly thrown cigarettes and matches.

2. Wires should be properly covered.

3. Inflammable things should be kept safely.

4. Power points should not be overloaded.

Case Study

Chernobyl Disaster

Introduction

Chernobyl disaster is considered to be the worstcatastrophic (Manmade disaster) in history.Chernobyl was a nuclear power plant that waslocated 80 miles north of Kiev, which is now the‘Ukraine’. Chernobyl was a part of the city‘Pripyat’.

What Happened? On 26th April 1986, at 1:23 P.M. blast occurred

in the 4th reactor. The reactor 4 sufferedpower increase leading to explosion fromcore. The two engineers present in the 4th

reactor were Alexander Akimov and LeonidToptunov. Whereas Leonid was present atthe time of blast as he was a young engineerwith a 3 months experience.

How did it happen?

The obvious reason that can be stated is‘Operator error’. Maybe the operator was notexperienced enough to control the reactor.Another reason was that the, operator allowedto much water flow in the tank that caused thespeed of the turbine to increase uncontrollably.Additionally normal safety rules were notfollowed. Example the regulation required atleast 15 controlled rods but at the time of theexplosion there were on 10 rods intact.

The Chernobyl plant showed the RBMK design characteristics. Excessive supply of cold watch and the attachment of only 10 rods led to the explosion.

RMBK

The core of

reactor 4.

Arial view of

the blast.

What happened then?

Soon after the blast the city Pirpyat was evacuated

immediately. There were 50,000 people living who

were forced to leave everything behind (Even

necessary belongings). Within hours after explosion

dozen of people fell ill and experienced

headache, metallic taste in

mouth, vomiting, uncontrollable fits. Within hours

Pripyat became a ghost city.

Effects of the explosion

With the emitting radiations a rise was seen in

health disorders. Disease like Thyroid

cancer, mental illness, rise in

abortion, various physical disability. The rate

of cancers are still at a rise and many cases

are reported every year with a certain

disability. Every year thousands of people die

in this manner.

Effects (Continued)

Effects (Continued)

Effects (Continued)

Effects (Continued)

Chernobyl today

27 years have passed but still the radiation level is

that area is so high that nobody will be able to

live there for 200 years. The whole area is sealed

by the Russian force and no individuals id

allowed to visit anywhere near the reactor. It is

said that the controller keys of reactor 4 still

remain untouched even after 27 years.

Hareem I. Iffrah A. Hareem S.