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CASUALTY INSURERS’ TEN MOST WANTED SOLUTIONS TO REDUCE RECURRING LOSSES Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, University of North Carolina, USA

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Page 1: CASUALTY INSURERS’ TEN MOST WANTED SOLUTIONS TO REDUCE RECURRING LOSSES CASUALTY INSURERS’ TEN MOST WANTED SOLUTIONS TO REDUCE RECURRING LOSSES Walter

CASUALTY INSURERS’ TEN MOST WANTED SOLUTIONS

TO REDUCE RECURRING LOSSES

CASUALTY INSURERS’ TEN MOST WANTED SOLUTIONS

TO REDUCE RECURRING LOSSES

Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, University of

North Carolina, USA

Page 2: CASUALTY INSURERS’ TEN MOST WANTED SOLUTIONS TO REDUCE RECURRING LOSSES CASUALTY INSURERS’ TEN MOST WANTED SOLUTIONS TO REDUCE RECURRING LOSSES Walter

BACKGROUND

Page 3: CASUALTY INSURERS’ TEN MOST WANTED SOLUTIONS TO REDUCE RECURRING LOSSES CASUALTY INSURERS’ TEN MOST WANTED SOLUTIONS TO REDUCE RECURRING LOSSES Walter

INSURED PERILSINSURED PERILSINSURED PERILSINSURED PERILS

WIND

EARTHQUAKE

FLOOD (MAINLY GOV.)

WINTER STORMS

HAIL

FIRE

INSURANCE: “TEN MOST WANTED SOLUTIONS” WILL BENEFIT EVERYONE

INSURANCE: “TEN MOST WANTED SOLUTIONS” WILL BENEFIT EVERYONE

REDUCTION OF PHYSICAL REDUCTION OF PHYSICAL VULNERABILITIES VULNERABILITIES

REDUCTION OF PHYSICAL REDUCTION OF PHYSICAL VULNERABILITIES VULNERABILITIES

Page 4: CASUALTY INSURERS’ TEN MOST WANTED SOLUTIONS TO REDUCE RECURRING LOSSES CASUALTY INSURERS’ TEN MOST WANTED SOLUTIONS TO REDUCE RECURRING LOSSES Walter

CONTRIBUTIONS OF NATURAL HAZARDS: TO RECURRING LOSSES

CONTRIBUTIONS OF NATURAL HAZARDS: TO RECURRING LOSSES

• EARTHQUAKES: GREATEST SINGLE-EVENT POTENTIAL LOSS OF LIFE

• WINDSTORMS, EARTHQUAKES, AND FLOODS: ANNUAL ECONOMIC LOSSES ARE DISTRIBUTED NEARY EQUALLY

• BUSINESS INTERRUPTION FROM ALL HAZARDS CAUSES MAJOR ECONOMIC LOSSES

• EARTHQUAKES: GREATEST SINGLE-EVENT POTENTIAL LOSS OF LIFE

• WINDSTORMS, EARTHQUAKES, AND FLOODS: ANNUAL ECONOMIC LOSSES ARE DISTRIBUTED NEARY EQUALLY

• BUSINESS INTERRUPTION FROM ALL HAZARDS CAUSES MAJOR ECONOMIC LOSSES

Page 5: CASUALTY INSURERS’ TEN MOST WANTED SOLUTIONS TO REDUCE RECURRING LOSSES CASUALTY INSURERS’ TEN MOST WANTED SOLUTIONS TO REDUCE RECURRING LOSSES Walter

MOST WANTED SOLUTIONS SEVERE WINDSTORMS:

“HURRICANES”

Page 6: CASUALTY INSURERS’ TEN MOST WANTED SOLUTIONS TO REDUCE RECURRING LOSSES CASUALTY INSURERS’ TEN MOST WANTED SOLUTIONS TO REDUCE RECURRING LOSSES Walter

WIND AND WATER INSIDE BUILDING ENVELOPE

SEVERE

WINDSTORMS

SEVERE

WINDSTORMS

UPLIFT OF ROOF SY STEM

FLY ING DEBRIS

FLOODING FROM STORM SURGE

STRUCTURAL IRREGULARITY , ASSY MMETRY , AND

DISCONTINUTIES

QUALITY OF WORK MANSHIP

NON-STRUCTURALELEMENTS

CAUSES OF

DAMAGE

CAUSES OF

DAMAGE

CASE HISTORIESCASE HISTORIES

Page 7: CASUALTY INSURERS’ TEN MOST WANTED SOLUTIONS TO REDUCE RECURRING LOSSES CASUALTY INSURERS’ TEN MOST WANTED SOLUTIONS TO REDUCE RECURRING LOSSES Walter

MOST WANTED SOLUTIONS

• METAL EDGE FLASHING

• ROOF ASSEMBLY: ABOVE DECK (COVERINGCOVERING) AND DECK (METAL AND METAL AND LIGHT WEIGHT CONCRETELIGHT WEIGHT CONCRETE)

• FASTENERS:: TYPES AND SPACING

• OPENINGS: WINDOWS AND DOORSWINDOWS AND DOORS

Page 8: CASUALTY INSURERS’ TEN MOST WANTED SOLUTIONS TO REDUCE RECURRING LOSSES CASUALTY INSURERS’ TEN MOST WANTED SOLUTIONS TO REDUCE RECURRING LOSSES Walter

FOR SEVERE WINDSTORMS (Hurricanes, Typhoons, Cyclones)

• HIGHEST PRIORITY ARE MEASURES THAT PROTECT ROOFS AND BUILDING FACADE OPENINGS.

• RESEARCH ON WINDOW COVERINGS SHOULD BE ACCELERATED.

Page 9: CASUALTY INSURERS’ TEN MOST WANTED SOLUTIONS TO REDUCE RECURRING LOSSES CASUALTY INSURERS’ TEN MOST WANTED SOLUTIONS TO REDUCE RECURRING LOSSES Walter
Page 10: CASUALTY INSURERS’ TEN MOST WANTED SOLUTIONS TO REDUCE RECURRING LOSSES CASUALTY INSURERS’ TEN MOST WANTED SOLUTIONS TO REDUCE RECURRING LOSSES Walter
Page 11: CASUALTY INSURERS’ TEN MOST WANTED SOLUTIONS TO REDUCE RECURRING LOSSES CASUALTY INSURERS’ TEN MOST WANTED SOLUTIONS TO REDUCE RECURRING LOSSES Walter
Page 12: CASUALTY INSURERS’ TEN MOST WANTED SOLUTIONS TO REDUCE RECURRING LOSSES CASUALTY INSURERS’ TEN MOST WANTED SOLUTIONS TO REDUCE RECURRING LOSSES Walter
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MOST WANTED SOLUTIONS “EARTHQUAKES”

Page 14: CASUALTY INSURERS’ TEN MOST WANTED SOLUTIONS TO REDUCE RECURRING LOSSES CASUALTY INSURERS’ TEN MOST WANTED SOLUTIONS TO REDUCE RECURRING LOSSES Walter

SOIL-STRUCTURE RESONANCE

EARTHQUAK ESEARTHQUAK ES

SOIL FAILURE

BUILDING HAMMERINGOR POUNDING

UNDEREST IMATION OFLATERAL FORCES

IRREGULARITY , ASSYMMETRY,AND DISCONTINUTIES

QUALITY OF WORKMANSHIP

IGNORING NON-STRUCTURALELEMENTS

CAUSES OFDAMAGE

CAUSES OFDAMAGE

CASE HISTORIESCASE HISTORIES

Page 15: CASUALTY INSURERS’ TEN MOST WANTED SOLUTIONS TO REDUCE RECURRING LOSSES CASUALTY INSURERS’ TEN MOST WANTED SOLUTIONS TO REDUCE RECURRING LOSSES Walter

WELL KNOWN VULNERABILITIES IN RESIDENTIAL AND COMMERCIAL STRUCTURES

WELL KNOWN VULNERABILITIES IN RESIDENTIAL AND COMMERCIAL STRUCTURES

• ROOF SYSTEMS• BUILDING

ENVELOPES• STRUCTURAL

SYSTEMS• FOUNDATION

SYSTEMS• NON-STRUCTURAL

SYSTEM ELEMENTS

Page 16: CASUALTY INSURERS’ TEN MOST WANTED SOLUTIONS TO REDUCE RECURRING LOSSES CASUALTY INSURERS’ TEN MOST WANTED SOLUTIONS TO REDUCE RECURRING LOSSES Walter

WELL KNOWN VULNERABILITIES

• UNREINFORCED MASONRY WEAKNESS

• SOFT-STORY WEAKNESS (LOAD PATHLOAD PATH)

• CRIPPLE WALL WEAKNESS (LOAD PATHLOAD PATH)

• UNREINFORCED MASONRY and CHIMNEY WEAKNESS

• FOUNDATION ANCHORAGE WEAKNESS

• INTERIOR CONTENTS

Page 17: CASUALTY INSURERS’ TEN MOST WANTED SOLUTIONS TO REDUCE RECURRING LOSSES CASUALTY INSURERS’ TEN MOST WANTED SOLUTIONS TO REDUCE RECURRING LOSSES Walter
Page 18: CASUALTY INSURERS’ TEN MOST WANTED SOLUTIONS TO REDUCE RECURRING LOSSES CASUALTY INSURERS’ TEN MOST WANTED SOLUTIONS TO REDUCE RECURRING LOSSES Walter
Page 19: CASUALTY INSURERS’ TEN MOST WANTED SOLUTIONS TO REDUCE RECURRING LOSSES CASUALTY INSURERS’ TEN MOST WANTED SOLUTIONS TO REDUCE RECURRING LOSSES Walter
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MOST WANTED SOLUTIONS

• HIGHEST PRIORITY SOLUTIONS ARE THE MEASURES THAT PROVIDE A CONTINUOUS LOAD PATH

Page 22: CASUALTY INSURERS’ TEN MOST WANTED SOLUTIONS TO REDUCE RECURRING LOSSES CASUALTY INSURERS’ TEN MOST WANTED SOLUTIONS TO REDUCE RECURRING LOSSES Walter

MOST WANTED SOLUTIONS

• HIGHEST PRIORITY SOLUTIONS ARE THE MEASURES THAT INCREASE LATERAL RESISTANCE. TO GROUND SHAKING

Page 23: CASUALTY INSURERS’ TEN MOST WANTED SOLUTIONS TO REDUCE RECURRING LOSSES CASUALTY INSURERS’ TEN MOST WANTED SOLUTIONS TO REDUCE RECURRING LOSSES Walter

BASE ISOLATION FOR EARTHQUAKES

• RESEARCH ON ACTIVE AND PASSIVE ENERGY DISSIPATION DEVICES SHOULD BE ACCELERATED.

Page 24: CASUALTY INSURERS’ TEN MOST WANTED SOLUTIONS TO REDUCE RECURRING LOSSES CASUALTY INSURERS’ TEN MOST WANTED SOLUTIONS TO REDUCE RECURRING LOSSES Walter

MOST WANTED SOLUTIONS: REDUCE

VULNERABILIES DUE TO IRREGULARITIES IN

BUILDING ELEVATIONS

SOURCE: Swiss Re

Page 25: CASUALTY INSURERS’ TEN MOST WANTED SOLUTIONS TO REDUCE RECURRING LOSSES CASUALTY INSURERS’ TEN MOST WANTED SOLUTIONS TO REDUCE RECURRING LOSSES Walter

RELATIVE VULERABILITY

[1 (Best) to 10 (Worst)]

RELATIVE VULERABILITY

[1 (Best) to 10 (Worst)]

1-21-2

ANALYSIS OF VULNERABILITY

LOCATIONS OF POTENTIAL FAILURE

LOCATIONS OF POTENTIAL FAILURE

None, if attention given to foundation and non structural elements. Rocking may crack foundation and structure.

BUILDING ELEVATION

BUILDING ELEVATION

BoxBox

Page 26: CASUALTY INSURERS’ TEN MOST WANTED SOLUTIONS TO REDUCE RECURRING LOSSES CASUALTY INSURERS’ TEN MOST WANTED SOLUTIONS TO REDUCE RECURRING LOSSES Walter

RELATIVE VULERABILITY

[1 (Best) to 10 (Worst)]

RELATIVE VULERABILITY

[1 (Best) to 10 (Worst)]

11

ANALYSIS OF VULNERABILITY

LOCATIONS OF POTENTIAL FAILURE

LOCATIONS OF POTENTIAL FAILURE

None, if attention given to foundation and non structural elements. Rocking may crack foundation.

BUILDING ELEVATION

BUILDING ELEVATION

PyramidPyramid

Page 27: CASUALTY INSURERS’ TEN MOST WANTED SOLUTIONS TO REDUCE RECURRING LOSSES CASUALTY INSURERS’ TEN MOST WANTED SOLUTIONS TO REDUCE RECURRING LOSSES Walter

RELATIVE VULERABILITY

[1 (Best) to 10 (Worst)]

RELATIVE VULERABILITY

[1 (Best) to 10 (Worst)]

4 - 64 - 6

ANALYSIS OF VULNERABILITY

LOCATIONS OF POTENTIAL FAILURE

LOCATIONS OF POTENTIAL FAILURE

Top heavy, asymmetrical structure may fail at foundation due to rocking and overturning.

BUILDING ELEVATION

BUILDING ELEVATION

Inverted PyramidInverted Pyramid

Page 28: CASUALTY INSURERS’ TEN MOST WANTED SOLUTIONS TO REDUCE RECURRING LOSSES CASUALTY INSURERS’ TEN MOST WANTED SOLUTIONS TO REDUCE RECURRING LOSSES Walter

RELATIVE VULERABILITY

[1 (Best) to 10 (Worst)]

RELATIVE VULERABILITY

[1 (Best) to 10 (Worst)]

5 - 65 - 6

ANALYSIS OF VULNERABILITY

LOCATIONS OF POTENTIAL FAILURE

LOCATIONS OF POTENTIAL FAILURE

Asymmetry and horizontal transition in mass, stiffness and damping may cause failure where lower and upper structures join.

BUILDING ELEVATION

BUILDING ELEVATION

““L”- Shaped L”- Shaped BuildingBuilding

Page 29: CASUALTY INSURERS’ TEN MOST WANTED SOLUTIONS TO REDUCE RECURRING LOSSES CASUALTY INSURERS’ TEN MOST WANTED SOLUTIONS TO REDUCE RECURRING LOSSES Walter

RELATIVE VULERABILITY

[1 (Best) to 10 (Worst)]

RELATIVE VULERABILITY

[1 (Best) to 10 (Worst)]

3 - 53 - 5

ANALYSIS OF VULNERABILITY

LOCATIONS OF POTENTIAL FAILURE

LOCATIONS OF POTENTIAL FAILURE

Vertical transition and asymmetry may cause failure where lower part is attached to tower.

BUILDING ELEVATION

BUILDING ELEVATION

Inverted “T”Inverted “T”

Page 30: CASUALTY INSURERS’ TEN MOST WANTED SOLUTIONS TO REDUCE RECURRING LOSSES CASUALTY INSURERS’ TEN MOST WANTED SOLUTIONS TO REDUCE RECURRING LOSSES Walter

RELATIVE VULERABILITY

[1 (Best) to 10 (Worst)]

RELATIVE VULERABILITY

[1 (Best) to 10 (Worst)]

2 - 32 - 3

ANALYSIS OF VULNERABILITY

LOCATIONS OF POTENTIAL FAILURE

LOCATIONS OF POTENTIAL FAILURE

Vertical transition in mass, stiffness, and damping may cause failure at foundation and transition points at each floor.

BUILDING ELEVATION

BUILDING ELEVATION

Multiple SetbacksMultiple Setbacks

Page 31: CASUALTY INSURERS’ TEN MOST WANTED SOLUTIONS TO REDUCE RECURRING LOSSES CASUALTY INSURERS’ TEN MOST WANTED SOLUTIONS TO REDUCE RECURRING LOSSES Walter

RELATIVE VULERABILITY

[1 (Best) to 10 (Worst)]

RELATIVE VULERABILITY

[1 (Best) to 10 (Worst)]

4 - 54 - 5

ANALYSIS OF VULNERABILITY

LOCATIONS OF POTENTIAL FAILURE

LOCATIONS OF POTENTIAL FAILURE

Top heavy asymmetrical structure may fail at transition point and foundation due to rocking and overturning.

BUILDING ELEVATION

BUILDING ELEVATION

OverhangOverhang

Page 32: CASUALTY INSURERS’ TEN MOST WANTED SOLUTIONS TO REDUCE RECURRING LOSSES CASUALTY INSURERS’ TEN MOST WANTED SOLUTIONS TO REDUCE RECURRING LOSSES Walter

RELATIVE VULERABILITY

[1 (Best) to 10 (Worst)]

RELATIVE VULERABILITY

[1 (Best) to 10 (Worst)]

6 - 76 - 7

ANALYSIS OF VULNERABILITY

LOCATIONS OF POTENTIAL FAILURE

LOCATIONS OF POTENTIAL FAILURE

Horizontal and vertical transitions in mass and stiffness may cause failure on soft side of first floor; rocking and overturning.

BUILDING ELEVATION

BUILDING ELEVATION

Partial “Soft” StoryPartial “Soft” Story

Page 33: CASUALTY INSURERS’ TEN MOST WANTED SOLUTIONS TO REDUCE RECURRING LOSSES CASUALTY INSURERS’ TEN MOST WANTED SOLUTIONS TO REDUCE RECURRING LOSSES Walter

RELATIVE VULERABILITY

[1 (Best) to 10 (Worst)]

RELATIVE VULERABILITY

[1 (Best) to 10 (Worst)]

8 - 108 - 10

ANALYSIS OF VULNERABILITY

LOCATIONS OF POTENTIAL FAILURE

LOCATIONS OF POTENTIAL FAILURE

Vertical transitions in mass and stiffness may cause failure on transition points between first and second floors.

BUILDING ELEVATION

BUILDING ELEVATION

““Soft” First FloorSoft” First Floor

Page 34: CASUALTY INSURERS’ TEN MOST WANTED SOLUTIONS TO REDUCE RECURRING LOSSES CASUALTY INSURERS’ TEN MOST WANTED SOLUTIONS TO REDUCE RECURRING LOSSES Walter

RELATIVE VULERABILITY

[1 (Best) to 10 (Worst)]

RELATIVE VULERABILITY

[1 (Best) to 10 (Worst)]

9 - 109 - 10

ANALYSIS OF VULNERABILITY

LOCATIONS OF POTENTIAL FAILURE

LOCATIONS OF POTENTIAL FAILURE

Horizontal and vertical transitions in mass and stiffness may cause failure at transition points and possible overturning.

BUILDING ELEVATION

BUILDING ELEVATION

Combination of Combination of “Soft” Story and “Soft” Story and

OverhangOverhang

Page 35: CASUALTY INSURERS’ TEN MOST WANTED SOLUTIONS TO REDUCE RECURRING LOSSES CASUALTY INSURERS’ TEN MOST WANTED SOLUTIONS TO REDUCE RECURRING LOSSES Walter

RELATIVE VULERABILITY

[1 (Best) to 10 (Worst)]

RELATIVE VULERABILITY

[1 (Best) to 10 (Worst)]

1010

ANALYSIS OF VULNERABILITY

LOCATIONS OF POTENTIAL FAILURE

LOCATIONS OF POTENTIAL FAILURE

Horizontal transition in stiffness of soft story columns may cause failure of columns at foundation and/or contact points with structure.

BUILDING ELEVATION

BUILDING ELEVATION

Building on Building on Sloping GroundSloping Ground

Page 36: CASUALTY INSURERS’ TEN MOST WANTED SOLUTIONS TO REDUCE RECURRING LOSSES CASUALTY INSURERS’ TEN MOST WANTED SOLUTIONS TO REDUCE RECURRING LOSSES Walter

LOOKING AHEAD

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ARE PRACTICAL SOLUTIONS POSSIBLE?

• YES, …

• WHEN INSURERS, HOME OWNERS, BUSINESSES, AND COMMUNITY STAKEHOLDERS WORK TOGETHER TO REDUCE RECURRING LOSSES FROM WELL- KNOWN VULNERABILITIES IN THEIR COMMUNITY.

Page 38: CASUALTY INSURERS’ TEN MOST WANTED SOLUTIONS TO REDUCE RECURRING LOSSES CASUALTY INSURERS’ TEN MOST WANTED SOLUTIONS TO REDUCE RECURRING LOSSES Walter

Concerted Global Effort to Find The Ten Most Concerted Global Effort to Find The Ten Most Wanted SolutionsWanted Solutions

Concerted Global Effort to Find The Ten Most Concerted Global Effort to Find The Ten Most Wanted SolutionsWanted Solutions

Living With Potential Disaster Agents

Continuing Education

Ecology

Community Resilience

Vulnerability Reduction

Land Use

Public Awareness

Public Health

Business Continuity and Disaster Recovery

Building To Withstand Disaster Agents

Safer New Construction

Hazard Characterization

Risk Assessment

Managing Unacceptable Risk

Global Codes and Performance Standards

Learning From Disasters and Sharing Knowledge

Accelerating Implementation of Knowledge

Laboratories to Increase Knowledge

Data Collection / Data Integration

Sharing knowledge and Technology

Global Centers of Excellence

Indicators of and Solutions For Indicators of and Solutions For Reducing VulnerabilityReducing Vulnerability

Indicators of and Solutions For Indicators of and Solutions For Reducing VulnerabilityReducing Vulnerability

Page 39: CASUALTY INSURERS’ TEN MOST WANTED SOLUTIONS TO REDUCE RECURRING LOSSES CASUALTY INSURERS’ TEN MOST WANTED SOLUTIONS TO REDUCE RECURRING LOSSES Walter

WHO BENEFITS?

• EVERYONE BENEFITS AS MORTALITY, MORBIDITY, AND ECONOMIC LOSSES ARE REDUCED IN DIRECT PROPORTION TO IMPLEMENTATION OF MEASURES TO REDUCE PHYSICAL VULNERABILITIES IN THEIR COMMUNITY.

Page 40: CASUALTY INSURERS’ TEN MOST WANTED SOLUTIONS TO REDUCE RECURRING LOSSES CASUALTY INSURERS’ TEN MOST WANTED SOLUTIONS TO REDUCE RECURRING LOSSES Walter

BUSINESS INTERRUPTION AFFECTS BUSINESS SURVIVAL

BUSINESS INTERRUPTION AFFECTS BUSINESS SURVIVAL

• TWENTY PERCENT OF SMALL- TO- MEDIUM SIZE COMPANIES SUFFER DISASTERS EVERY 5 YEARS

• FORTY-THREE PERCENT NEVER REOPEN FOR BUSINESS

Page 41: CASUALTY INSURERS’ TEN MOST WANTED SOLUTIONS TO REDUCE RECURRING LOSSES CASUALTY INSURERS’ TEN MOST WANTED SOLUTIONS TO REDUCE RECURRING LOSSES Walter
Page 42: CASUALTY INSURERS’ TEN MOST WANTED SOLUTIONS TO REDUCE RECURRING LOSSES CASUALTY INSURERS’ TEN MOST WANTED SOLUTIONS TO REDUCE RECURRING LOSSES Walter

BOOK OF

BOOK OF

KNOWLEDGE

KNOWLEDGE

- Perspectives

- Perspectives

On Science, Policy,

On Science, Policy,

And Change

And Change

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NAT. HAZARDS PROVIDE A GLOBAL DATABASE NAT. HAZARDS PROVIDE A GLOBAL DATABASE NAT. HAZARDS PROVIDE A GLOBAL DATABASE NAT. HAZARDS PROVIDE A GLOBAL DATABASE

SEVERE WINDSTORMS

EARTHQUAKES

FLOODS

WINTER STORMS

HAIL STORMS

FIRE

BUSINESS INTERRUPTION

LOSS OF FUNCTION

CATASTROPHES

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

INSURANCE: “TEN MOST WANTED SOLUTIONS”

INSURANCE: “TEN MOST WANTED SOLUTIONS”

GOAL: COMMUNITIY DISASTER RESILIENCE

GOAL: COMMUNITIY DISASTER RESILIENCE

REDUCTION OF PHYSICAL REDUCTION OF PHYSICAL VULNERABILITIES VULNERABILITIES

REDUCTION OF PHYSICAL REDUCTION OF PHYSICAL VULNERABILITIES VULNERABILITIES