cat filter recommendations

SAFETY.CAT.COM

Special Publication

Caterpillar Filters Recommendations

SEBU9208December 2013

Important Safety InformationMost accidents that involve product operation, maintenance and repair are caused by failure to observebasic safety rules or precautions. An accident can often be avoided by recognizing potentially hazardoussituations before an accident occurs. A person must be alert to potential hazards, including human factorsthat can affect safety. This person should also have the necessary training, skills and tools to perform thesefunctions properly.

Improper operation, lubrication, maintenance or repair of this product can be dangerous and couldresult in injury or death.

Do not operate or perform any lubrication,maintenance or repair on this product, until you verifythat you are authorized to perform this work, and have read and understood the operation,lubrication, maintenance and repair information.

Safety precautions and warnings are provided in this manual and on the product. If these hazard warningsare not heeded, bodily injury or death could occur to you or to other persons.

The hazards are identified by the “Safety Alert Symbol” and followed by a “Signal Word” such as“DANGER”, “WARNING” or “CAUTION”. The Safety Alert “WARNING” label is shown below.

The meaning of this safety alert symbol is as follows:

Attention! Become Alert! Your Safety is Involved.

The message that appears under the warning explains the hazard and can be either written or pictoriallypresented.

A non-exhaustive list of operations that may cause product damage are identified by “NOTICE” labels onthe product and in this publication.

Caterpillar cannot anticipate every possible circumstance that might involve a potential hazard.The warnings in this publication and on the product are, therefore, not all inclusive. You must notuse this product in any manner different from that considered by this manual without first satisfyingyourself that you have considered all safety rules and precautions applicable to the operation of theproduct in the location of use, including site-specific rules and precautions applicable to theworksite. If a tool, procedure, work method or operating technique that is not specificallyrecommended by Caterpillar is used, you must satisfy yourself that it is safe for you and for others.You should also ensure that you are authorized to perform this work, and that the product will not bedamaged or become unsafe by the operation, lubrication, maintenance or repair procedures thatyou intend to use.

The information, specifications, and illustrations in this publication are on the basis of information that wasavailable at the time that the publication was written. The specifications, torques, pressures,measurements, adjustments, illustrations, and other items can change at any time. These changes canaffect the service that is given to the product. Obtain the complete and most current information before youstart any job. Cat dealers have the most current information available.

When replacement parts are required for thisproduct Caterpillar recommends using Cat re-placement parts.

Failure to follow this warning may lead to pre-mature failures, product damage, personal in-jury or death.

In the United States, the maintenance, replacement, or repair of the emission control devices andsystemsmay be performed by any repair establishment or individual of the owner's choosing.

i05296198

Table of Contents

Foreword.............................. ............................. 4

MaintenanceSection

General Information..................... ..................... 5

Fluid Filters ............................ ........................... 7

Fluid Filter Maintenance ................. ................ 18

Air Filters............................. ............................ 19

Gas Engine Filters ..................... ..................... 28

Use of Cat Filters on Other OEM Engines... ... 29

ContaminationControl.................. .................. 30

Reference InformationSection

ReferenceMaterials ........................................ 35

Index Section

Index................................ ............................... 38

SEBU9208 3Table of Contents

Foreword

Fluids/FiltersRecommendationLiterature Information

This manual should be stored in the literature holderor in the literature storage area on the machine.Immediately replace this manual if lost, damaged, orunreadable.

The information contained in this document is themost current information available for fluidmaintenance and service products. Specialmaintenance and service products may be requiredfor some machine compartments. Refer to theOperation and Maintenance Manual for your machinefor the maintenance and service requirements. Read,study, and keep this manual with the product. Thismanual should be read carefully before using thisproduct for the first time and before performingmaintenance.

Whenever a question arises regarding your product,or this publication, consult your dealer for the latestavailable information.

Safety

Refer to the Operation and Maintenance Manual foryour machine for all safety information. Read andunderstand the basic safety precautions listed in theSafety Section. In addition to safety precautions, thissection identifies the text and locations of warningsigns used on the machine.

Read and understand the applicable precautionslisted in the Maintenance and Operation Sectionsbefore operating or performing lubrication,maintenance, and repair on this machine.

Maintenance

Refer to the Operation and Maintenance Manual foryour machine to determine all maintenancerequirements.

Proper maintenance and repair are essential to keepthe equipment and systems operating correctly. Asthe owner, you are responsible for the performance ofthe required maintenance listed in the Owner Manual,Operation and Maintenance Manual, and ServiceManual.

Maintenance Interval Schedule

Use the Maintenance Interval Schedule in theOperation and Maintenance Manual for your machineto determine servicing intervals. Use the service hourmeter to determine servicing intervals. Calendarintervals shown (daily, weekly, monthly, etc.) can beused instead of service hour meter intervals ifcalendar intervals provide more convenient servicingschedules and approximate the indicated servicehour meter reading. Recommended service shouldalways be performed at the interval that occurs first.

Under extremely severe, dusty, or wet operatingconditions, more frequent lubrication and/or filterchanges than is specified in the maintenanceintervals chart might be necessary.

Following the recommended maintenance intervalsreduces the risk of excessive wear and potentialfailures of components.

Aftermarket Products and Warranty

NOTICEWhen auxiliary devices, accessories or consumables(filters, oil, additives, catalysts, fuel, etc.) made byother manufacturers are used on Cat products, theCaterpillar warranty is not affected simply because ofsuch use. Failures that result from the installation orusage of other manufacturers auxiliary devices, ac-cessories or consumables, however, are not Caterpil-lar factory defects and therefore are NOT covered byCaterpillar's warranty.

Caterpillar is not in a position to evaluate the manyauxiliary devices, accessories or consumables pro-moted by other manufacturers and their effect on Catproducts. Installation or use of such items is at thediscretion of the customer who assumes ALL risks forthe effects that result from this usage.

Furthermore, Caterpillar does not authorize the use ofits trade name, trademark, or logo in a manner whichimplies our endorsement of these aftermarketproducts.

4 SEBU9208Foreword

MaintenanceSection

General Informationi05539213

General Filter InformationSMCS Code: 1054; 108K; 1261; 1263; 1308; 5068;7342

NOTICEEvery attempt is made to provide accurate, up-to-dateinformation. By the use of this document, you agreethat Caterpillar Inc. is not responsible for errors oromissions.

The information that is provided is the latestrecommendations for Cat machines and dieselengines. This information supersedes all previouspublished recommendations related to filters.

Specific filters, for example High Efficiency or UltraHigh Efficiency, may be required for certainapplications and use of these special products will becontinue to be necessary. Refer to the applicableOperation and Maintenance Manual.

This publication is a supplement to the Operation andMaintenance Manual. This publication does notreplace the engine-specific Operation andMaintenance Manual.

NOTICEIn order to avoid potential damage to your Cat ma-chine and/or Cat engine, only purchase Cat filtersand Cat fluids through your Cat dealer or Cat au-thorized outlets. For a list of authorized Cat partsoutlets in your area, consult your Cat dealer.

If you purchase what appear to be Cat filters and/or Cat fluids through other outlets or sources,you are at a very high risk of purchasingcounterfeit products.

Counterfeit or “look-alike” products may visuallyappear the same as the original Cat product, but theproduct performance and internal quality will typicallybe very low.

Counterfeit or “look-alike” products have a very highlikelihood of causing and/or allowing engine and/ormachine compartment damage.

Many of the guidelines, recommendations, andrequirements that are provided in this SpecialPublication are interrelated. Before using theprovided information, the user of this SpecialPublication is responsible for reading andunderstanding the information provided.

The user of this Special Publication is responsible forfollowing all safety guidelines found in this SpecialPublication and in the engine and/or machine-specificOperation and Maintenance Manual when performingall recommended and/or required engine, enginesystems, and/or machine maintenance.

For questions concerning the information presentedin this Special Publication and/or in your productOperation and Maintenance Manual, and/or foradditional guidelines and recommendations(including maintenance interval recommendations/requirements) consult your Cat dealer.

NOTICECommercial products that make generic claims ofmeeting “Cat ” requirements without listing the specif-ic Cat recommendations and requirements that aremet may not provide acceptable performance. Com-mercial products may cause reduced engine and/ormachine fluid compartment life. Refer to this SpecialPublication and refer to product specific Operationand Maintenance Manual for Cat filter recommenda-tions and requirements.

NOTICEHeavy loads and cycles, working in dusty environ-ment, filling machine compartments with contami-nated fluids, and poor system cleanliness are some ofthe contributors to shorter filter life. Filter maintenanceintervals may be shorter under these conditions.

Refer to the appropriate Operation and MaintenanceManual for guidance.

Early filter plugging or even filter collapse may occurwhen operating in dusty environment, operating inheavily contaminated environments, operating atheavy loads and cycles, using fluids that are notclean and/or poorly maintaining systems cleanliness.If the plugged filters are not changed, component orengine damage may occur. The plugged filters causerestriction of the fluid flow and shutdown in somecases. Plugged filters cannot protect the engine ormachine compartment from contamination. Thiscontamination can cause a number of issuesincluding an increase in component wear anddamage, filter collapse, short component life,component down time, increased cost, and otherdamage. If the filters are not changed at the first signsof bypass, or if the pressure indicator or otherindicators are ignored, the potential for damageincreases. Follow the filter service recommendationsprovided in this Special Publication and/or given inyour engine Operation and Maintenance Manual.

SEBU9208 5Maintenance Section

General Filter Information

NOTICEUse of filters that do not meet at least the minimumperformance recommendations and/or requirementsmay lead to lower component performance and/orcomponent failure. Problems/failures that are causedby using improper filters or filters that do not meet theminimum recommended and/or required performancelevel for the components are not warrantable by Cat-erpillar, and are the filter manufacturer and customerresponsibility.

When filters made by other manufacturers are usedon Cat products, the Caterpillar warranty is notaffected simply because of such use. Failures thatresult from the installation or usage of othermanufacturer filters, however, are not Caterpillarfactory defects and therefore are NOTcovered by theCaterpillar warranty. Caterpillar is not in a position toevaluate the many filters promoted by othermanufacturers and the filter performance in Catproducts. Installation or use of such items is at thediscretion of the customer who assumes ALL risks forthe effects that result from this usage.

NOTICENot following the recommendations found in this Spe-cial Publication can lead to reduced performance andcompartment failure.

NOTICEWhen installing a new fluid filter, never add the usedfluid into the new filter to help the engine or the ma-chine compartment start. The dirty fluid is added atthe clean side of the filter and will contaminate the en-gine or machine compartment with dirty fluid. Followall the instructions for filter installation that are printedon the filter can or as described in your Operation andMaintenance Manual.

The overall performance of engine and machinecompartments is dependent on the choice oflubricants and on maintenance and cleanlinesspractices such as choice of filtration products,contamination control, tank management, andgeneral handling practices. Filtration products andlubricants that are produced by Caterpillar offeroptimal performance and system protection.

This Special Publicationcovers the filtration productsused on Cat products and offers general informationon filtration products. This information is offered toassist customers in the selection and understandingof filtration products that are used on Cat machinesand engines.

Cat Fluid Filters

• Engine oil filters

• Hydraulic oil filters

• Powertrain oil filters

• Fuel filters

• Fuel water separators

• Breathers

• Priming pumps

• Diesel exhaust fluid filters

• Off board filters

• Bulk fuel filters

• Coolant filters

Cat Air Filters

• Engine air filters

• Cab air filters

Cat Natural Gas Engine Filters

i05539271

Cat FiltersSMCS Code: 1054; 108K; 1261; 1263; 1308; 5068;7342

Cat filters are designed and built by Caterpillar tooffer optimum performance in Cat equipment andengines. Cat filters are manufactured worldwide tothe same precise Caterpillar specifications. As aresult, Cat filters are of common quality and designand offer the same performance worldwide.

Cat filters are extensively tested and validated toensure the optimal performance in Cat machinesand engines. Cat filters are optimized for Catequipment.

Caterpillar designs and builds filters to service all thefiltration needs of Cat complete machine and engineproduct lines. Cat filters have been designed andconstructed of high-quality materials in order to keepmachine compartment and engines at the desiredlevel of cleanliness. These filters allow the machinecompartments and engines to function per the qualitydesigned into these components. Cat filters areused as factory fit and for product service.

6 SEBU9208General InformationCat Filters

Fluid Filtersi05539289

General Information (FluidFilters)SMCS Code: 108K; 1261; 1263; 1308; 5068

Fluid filters, also called liquid filters, are responsiblefor continuously cleaning the fluids (also referred toas lubricants) in an engine or machine compartmentsby removing, or filtering out, particulate contaminationfrom these fluids. When the recommended filters areused and the recommended maintenance intervalsare followed, the particulate contamination in the fluidis reduced resulting in the following:

• Reduced component wear

• Protection of moving components and lowinterference with clearances

• Lower engine or machine downtime

• Enhanced performance

• Preservation of the reliability and life built into theengines or machine components

This section in this Special Publicationprovides adescription of the construction and components offluid filters and the measurement of the performanceof filters.

Fluid filters available in the marketplace varysignificantly in quality and performance. Knowing thequality of filters from visual observation is notpossible. Cat filters are of high quality and henceoffer improved value and protection for the machine.The initial cost of a high-quality filter is expected to behigher than a poor quality filter due to the amount ofmedia, quality of media and overall construction ofthe filter. The overall value of the filter includes initialcost of the filter, value of equipment protection,reduction of downtime of equipment, and extension ofequipment life. As a result, the lifecycle value of high-quality filters outweighs the initial difference in cost.

Cat offers two distinct types of fluid filters:

Illustration 1 g03525737

Spin-on Filter

Spin-on Filters – A single filter part that is used onceby spinning onto the filter base. The entire filter isdisposed of at the end of the filter life. Spin-on filtersare common and simple to maintain. In general, smallCat engines use spin-on fuel and lube filters. Somenew small engines have moved to cartridge filterdesigns.


Cartridge Filter

Cartridge Filters – Cartridge filters are composed ofseparate filter elements and housing unit. Thehousing is retained and used for the life of the vehicleand the filter element cartridge is changed at the endof each filter service life. Cartridge filters eliminatewaste since only the filter element is disposed of andthe metallic housing is retained and reused duringfilter maintenance. In general, large Cat engines usecartridge filters for fuel and lube applications.

Details are provided in this Special Publication, “FluidFilters Components”.

Caterpillar offers a variety of fluid filters forapplications in all Cat machines and engines. ThisSpecial Publication provides guidelines for using thefilters. This Special Publication also details the designand quality built into the various Cat filters.

SEBU9208 7Fluid Filters

General Information (Fluid Filters)

Cat fluid filters are designed with optimized capacityand rating for Cat equipment. Cat offers fluids filtersof three efficiency levels:

1. Standard Efficiency

2. Advanced High Efficiency

3. Ultra High Efficiency

Detailed information on the capacity and rating of thevarious fluid filters offered by Cat is given in thisSpecial Publication, “Filter Capacity”.

Note: Substituting a higher-efficiency filter thanrecommended is typically safe. Substituting a lowerefficiency filter than recommended is not acceptable.

Caterpillar has introduced a “Plus” (+) designation forsome filters. The “Plus” designation indicates animproved performance characteristic. Any of the threeefficiency filter levels can also be designated as“Plus” if the filter has an improved characteristic. Forexample, a “Plus” Advanced Efficiency filter mayhave an improved characteristic such as bettercapacity or better flow restriction.

In order to choose the appropriate filter size,efficiency and capacity, refer to your machine orengine Operation and Maintenance Manual andconsult your local Cat dealer.

Consult your Cat dealer for availability of Cat filters.

i05539312

Fluid Filter ComponentsSMCS Code: 1261; 1308; 5068

Fluid filters are constructed of many components. Thequality of each component is important to the overallquality of the finished filter.

The main components of fluid filters are:

Filter HousingFluid filter housings, also called cans, are typically ofmetallic construction. Cat filter housings are highquality metallic one piece design. The filter housingsare of optimal material thickness in order to withstandthe pressure of fluid flow. Cat filter housings providestructural strength and anti rupture protection. Catfilter housings are constructed with precisionthreading to prevent leaks and to prevent unthreadingdue to vehicle vibrations and operation. The housingsprecisely fit onto the filter base to prevent leaks andingress of contamination. Instructions on theassembly of the filter are printed on the filter housing.The housing may or may not be reused depending onthe filter design

• The housing of a spin-on type filter contains thefilter element as an integral part. This unit ofhousing and element are changed at everymaintenance interval. Spin-on filter housings maydisplay the filter part number and identification aswell as critical assembly information in order toensure proper maintenance practices.

• The housing of a cartridge type filter is separatefrom the filter element. At maintenance intervals,only the filter element is changed and the housingis reassembled on the machine with the new filterelement.

Details of these two types of filters are discussed laterin this Special Publication.

Filter MediaThe media is responsible for capturing contaminantsin the fluid. Filter media can be made of naturalmaterial such as cellulose, synthetic material such asglass fibers, or of a combination of natural andsynthetic material. Media material can also be filled orimpregnated with custom materials such as glass orresins to enhance strength and durability. Cat filtermedia is high-quality media and can be multiplelayers with varying efficiencies for each layer, or onelayer that is thick for increased depth filtration.

Cat filter media is of high quality. The media of Catfilters is of optimized thickness and area to withstandthe fluid pressures and flows designed into Catengines and compartments. The media materialquality and construction allows the filter to resist flowspikes, cold start pressures, and extremetemperatures of the fluid. Cat filter media does notshed materials that add undesirable contaminationinto the fluid. The total area of the filter media isdesigned to capture the appropriate level ofcontamination for the designed life of the filter withspecified system cleanliness. A note of importance isthat the pores in the filter media are not uniform insize or in shape. As a result filters can be designed sothat particles of various shapes and sizes can becaptured or allowed to pass through the filter ifdesired.

Filter media is typically pleated to add surface areafor effective filtration and service life. Pleating qualityand density of the filter media is essential to thedurability, structural integrity, and ability to removecontamination. The pleats should be equally spacedand densely constructed. The pleats in Cat filters arestabilized to eliminate bunching, to preserve thepleats spacing and to hold contaminants even underengine or machine vibrations.

In many Cat filters the media is stabilized with spiralroving that is wrapped and secured to the media withnon-shedding long lasting adhesive. Acrylic beadsare also applied to the media of many Cat filters.Roving and acrylic beads maintain pleat stability andspacing to eliminate bunching, prevent potentialtearing of the media, and to hold contaminants evenunder engine or vehicle vibrations.

8 SEBU9208Fluid FiltersFluid Filter Components

Quality media and roving allow for optimal filterefficiency and capacity, longer filter life, and betterprotection of engine or machine compartments.

Filter Inner SupportThe construction of the filter inner support, also calleda center tube, including thickness and strength, isessential to the stability of the filter media and theoverall quality of the filter. Center tubes can bemetallic or non-metallic. Most Cat filters use a non-metallic inner support that provides strength withoutcontributing contamination such as metallic burrs orcorrosion products typically associated with metalcenter tubes. The strength of Cat center tubesprevent collapsing during pressure spikes and cold oilstarts.

End CapsEnd caps are the enclosures that connect the mediaand center tubes and eliminate the gaps. Cat endcaps are high quality and are typically one piece thatis constructed of metallic, non-metallic or acombination material. Tight bonding of the end capswith the media keeps out contamination, eliminatesleak paths, and contributes to the overall quality ofthe filter. The end caps used in Cat filters areprecisely designed to fit the filter bases used on Catengines and machines.

i05539354

Particle Removal in FluidFiltersSMCS Code: 1261; 1308; 5068

Fluid filter media can be of multiple layers ofmicroscopic fibers. The media has to be continuous inorder to prevent particles and contaminants frompassing through. At the same time, the media has“holes” that allow the fluid to pass through. The sizeand shape of the holes in the media vary significantly.Additionally, the flow rate of the fluids passing throughthe filter media vary significantly depending on theloads and speeds of the machine or engine, and onthe temperature at the start of the machine andengine. As the flow rate through the media changes,the holes in the media change shape, and the paththrough the media changes and may be compressedto become shorter.

Media quality, thickness, and fluid flow rate determinethe size and number of particles trapped in the filterand number of particles that may be released into thefluid. The ratio of number of particles captured in thefilter media to number of particles that pass throughthe media determines the efficiency of the filter.Table 1

Filter Efficiency % =Number of Particles Captured

x 100Number of Particles Entering

Note: Early plugging of a filter does not indicate a“bad quality” filter. Early plugging can indicate higherthan usual debris in the fluid. Early plugging indicatesthat the filter is performing as designed and capturingcontaminants. Early plugging may occur in earlyhours of operation. If early plugging occurs inspectthe system for potential causes.

NOTICEWhen installing a new fluid filter, never add the usedfluid into the new filter to help the engine or the ma-chine compartment start. The dirty fluid is added atthe clean side of the filter and will contaminate the en-gine or machine compartment with dirty fluid. Followall the instructions for filter installation that are printedon the filter can or as described in your Operation andMaintenance Manual.

i05539394

Filter PerformanceSMCS Code: 1261; 1308; 5068

Filter performance is indicated by the filter rating andthe filter capacity. Cat high-quality filters aredesigned with the capacity and ratings that aresuitable for the engine or compartment designs.

Filter RatingFilter rating is a measure of filter efficiency ofremoving and retaining particles of a certain size. Twofactors must be specified when describing filter rating:

Particle Size – Particle size is measured in microns(µm). This measurement is also called micron rating.

Efficiency – Efficiency is the number of particles ofspecific size or larger (also called rated size) that arecaptured in the filter, versus the number of the ratedparticles that passed through the filter. Thismeasurement is also expressed as beta ratio.

Filters must be identified by the micron rating and thebeta ratio. For example, if a filter is rated at 5 microns,the number of particles that can be trapped by thefilter is not indicated. When a filter is rated at 5microns and a beta of 200, this rating implies that of200 particles entering the filter only one particle of 5microns or larger size passes through.

Note: Designating filters by micron rating only withoutdesignating the beta ratio is not acceptable. Thecombination of micron and beta ratio provide a betterdescription of the filter performance.


Particle Removal in Fluid Filters

Table 2

Example of Filter Beta Ratio

Filter Rating Particle Size Particles EnteringFilter

Particles PassingThrough Filter Beta Ratio Representation

5 µm ≥ 5 µm 200 1 200/1 = 200 B5 = 200

5 µm ≥ 5 µm 200 4 200/4 = 50 B5 = 50

10 µm ≥ 10 µm 200 1 200/1 = 200 B10 = 200

10 µm ≥ 10µm 200 4 200/4 = 50 B10 = 50

Absolute RatingIn addition to micron rating and beta ratio, Caterpillarrates filters with an “absolute” efficiency rating. Theterm absolute signifies a beta ratio of 75.

Note: All Cat fluid filters are rated at “absolute” (Beta75) or higher efficiency. This rating implies that out of75 particles in the fluid, the filter stops 74 particles ofthe specified size or larger.

The actual efficiency of a filter to trap particles isdependent on the particles passing through the filter.Efficiency of a Beta 75 filter is only slightly lower thanthe efficiency of a Beta 200 filter as demonstrated inTable 3 below.Table 3

Beta Ratio Particles Entering Filter Particles Passing Through Filter Filter Efficiency

Beta 75 75 1 98.67%

Beta 200 200 1 99.5%

The equation to convert the Beta ratio of a filter toefficiency number is:

% Efficiency = 1 - (1 / beta ratio)

Filter CapacityFilter capacity is a measure of the mass ofcontaminants that can be trapped by the filter media.Filter capacity is dependent on the media type andthe amount of the media. Cat filters are high-qualityfilters and hence offer an optimized filter media areato trap contaminants expected to be generated in aspecific compartment. Filter capacity is expressed ina plot of “Delta Pressure” across the filter versus themass of contaminants in the fluid.

When filters reach capacity, the filters start to plug.Some filtration systems are designed with a warningsignal to indicate to the operator that the filter isplugged. The warning signal operates by measuringthe pressure difference across the filter. If thedesignated pressure is exceeded, the signal istriggered. Filtration systems that are not equippedwith a warning signal are designed to be changed atspecific service intervals. Refer to this SpecialPublication, “Filter Bypass”. Refer to the Operationand Maintenance Manual of your machine or enginefor the filter service interval.

Cat fluid filters are designed with optimized capacityand rating for Cat equipment. Cat offers fluids filtersof three efficiency levels:

1. Standard Efficiency

2. Advanced High Efficiency

3. Ultra High Efficiency

Table 4 provides the typical micron rating categoriesfor fluid filters offered by Caterpillar.

10 SEBU9208Fluid FiltersFilter Performance

Table 4

Cat Fluid Filter Options

FiltrationType Standard Efficiency Advanced Efficiency Ultra High Efficiency

Engine Oil Filters 27 - 40 µm (absolute) 10 - 27 µm (absolute) 6 - 12 µm (absolute)

Hydraulic Filters 27 - 40 µm (absolute) 10 - 27 µm (absolute) 5 - 10 µm (absolute)

Powertrain Filters 27 - 40 µm (absolute) 10 - 27 µm (absolute) 5 - 10 µm (absolute)

Fuel Filters > 10 µm (absolute) 5 - 10 µm (absolute) < 4 µm

Fuel/Water Separators > 20 µm (absolute) 10 - 20 µm (absolute) 5 - 10 µm (absolute)

Note: Substituting a higher-efficiency filter thanrecommended is typically safe. Substituting a lowerefficiency filter than recommended is not acceptable.


Filter BypassWhen a fluid filter is full of contaminants to thedesigned capacity, the filter is called plugged anddirty lubricant will bypass the filter. The dirty lubricantwill flow through the system without cleaning, if thesystem is equipped with a bypass valve. If equipped,an alarm is triggered when the filter plugs. Bypass isdesigned into filter bases so that engines andmachine compartments are not starved of lubricants.Lubricant starvation can cause catastrophic failuresof engines or machine components. The damagedone by limited flow of dirty fluids can outweigh thecatastrophic failure of lubricant starvation.

Fuel filters are not designed with bypass capabilitydue to the detrimental impact of dirty fuel and due tothe low tolerance for contamination in fuel systems.

Filter Testing and ValidationThe quality built into Cat filters is tested usingstandard industry tests and additional tests devisedby Caterpillar.

The following are tests conducted by Caterpillar tovalidate Cat filters:

• Filter efficiency and capacity are validated by amultipass test per “ISO 16889” standard. In thistest a specific amount of standard-size dirt ispassed through filters at specific a flow rate.Particle counters are used to measure particlesinto and out of the filter to determine the filterefficiency and the amount of debris the filter issubjected to before reaching pressure limitsdetermines the capacity of the filter.

• The filter flow capability and resistance to pressurepulses is determined by the Flow Fatigue test. Thistest determines the maximum flow that a filter cansupport by exposing the filter to fluid flowpressures that surpass those pressures expectedin the actual application. Passing the flow fatiguetest ensures media integrity and resistance topressure flow, pressure spikes, cold temperaturefluids, and cold starts.

• Vibration resistance is tested using speciallydesigned vibration test to simulate the worstconditions the filters can be exposed to duringoperation. This test ensures that the filterswithstand the vibration expected on engines andmachines. The knowledge Caterpillar has of thevibrations expected on machines allows the designof robust filters that can surpass the expectedvibrations.

• Filter burst pressures are determined by the BurstTest. This test ensures that the filter can withstandpressures the filter will see in application and notrupture or leak fluid.

• The ability of the filter to withstand pressure deltaacross the media is determined by the CollapseTest. This test ensures that the filter will not ruptureinternally and allow debris that has been caught topass through the filter due to a tear in media orinner tube collapse.


Features of most of the Cat fluid filters include:


Filter Performance

Table 5

Technology Features Benefits Results

One-piece aluminum base plate Added reinforcing to prevent ruptures due tocold starts

Protects against leaks and the introduction ofcontaminants for longer component life

One-piece urethane end caps Tighter bond with filter mediaEliminates gaps, keeping contaminants out ofcomponents for added protection, eliminates

leak paths

Spiral roving and acrylic beadsMaintains pleat stability and spacing to elimi-nate bunching and holds dirt under vibration

conditions

Maximum efficiency and capacity, better pro-tection, and longer component life

Non-metallic center tube to prevent collapsingduring pressure spikes and cold oil start-ups Stronger and cleaner than metal designs Eliminates scored bearings and damage to oth-

er critical components

Resin-impregnated filter media Custom blended media Maximizes performance and life

One-piece, heavy gauge canister Provides structural strength and anti-ruptureprotection Durability and structural integrity

Full range of media optionsEngineered to meet specific operating condi-tions, equipment requirements, and economi-

cal considerations

Filtrationmatched system and performanceneeds

i05539469

Engine Oil FiltersSMCS Code: 1308

Engine oils acquire a significant amount of wearmetals from moving parts of the engine and soot fromthe combustion process. Most Cat engine oil filtersare designed of robust construction, high-quality filtermedia, roving to ensure filter media stability, andcapacity that allows the filter to operate for thedesigned service life. Refer to your Operation andMaintenance Manual for the service life of the engineoil filter.

Cat engine oil filters are available in Standard,Advanced, and Ultra High efficiency filtration. In orderto choose the appropriate filter for your machine, referto your Operation and Maintenance Manual andconsult your Cat dealer for the availability of filters.

Particle count of engine oils to determine cleanlinessis not recommended. Additives in engine oils andsoot (after use) interfere with particle counting.Filtering of the oil is recommended that is filled intothe engine through Advanced or Ultra High Efficiencyfilter to ensure cleanliness of the oil.

i05539514

Hydraulic Oil FiltersSMCS Code: 5068

Hydraulic oils acquire wear metals and contaminantsfrom hydraulic cylinders, motor seals, and hydraulichoses. Dirt can also enter the hydraulic systemthrough vent filters in vented systems and throughseals of the hydraulic cylinders. Cleanliness ofhydraulic oils is critical for the operation of hydraulicsystem, in particular the operation of hydraulic valvesthat are typically of very tight tolerances. Cleanlinessof the hydraulic oils is especially important to modernhydraulic systems. These systems are built with closetolerances and precise designs that require low levelof contamination and appropriate filter performance.Follow the recommendations in the Operation andMaintenance Manual of your machine.

Cat hydraulic filters are available in Standard,Advanced, and Ultra High efficiency. Fire resistanthydraulic filters of Ultra High Efficiency are alsoavailable.

Particle count of hydraulic oils to determinecleanliness is recommended. Filtering of the oil that isfilled into the hydraulic system is recommended toachieve a cleanliness level of the oil of “ISO 16/13”.Refer to this Special Publication, “ContaminationControl” for details on the contamination requirementsand ISO code information.

12 SEBU9208Fluid FiltersEngine Oil Filters

i05539544

Powertrain Oil FiltersSMCS Code: 5068

Powertrain oils acquire wear metals andcontaminants from friction materials, loaded gearsand bearings, and passage around oil seals. Somedirt and moisture can also enter from the atmospherethrough breathers if equipped.

Transmission filters are available in Standard,Advanced, and Ultra High Efficiency. Many lowerpowertrains, such as final drives, differentials andaxles may not use filtration. Some do have filtration.

Off Board filtration is recommended for largesystems. Refer to this Special Publication, “OilFiltration Carts”.

Particle count of powertrain oils to determinecleanliness is recommended. Filtering of the oil that isfilled into the powertrain compartments isrecommended to achieve a cleanliness level of the oilof “ISO 16/13”. Refer to this Special Publication,“Contamination Control” for details on thecontamination requirements and ISO codeinformation.

i05539654

Fuel FiltersSMCS Code: 1261

Contaminants in the fuel, such as dirt and water,cause most of the fuel system issues. Fuelcontamination decreases the life of injectors, causesincreased parts replacement, increases machine orengine down time and lowers productivity.Contamination is acquired in the fuel during transportand storage and due to poor management of fuelduring receipt and during all the stages until filling intothe machine. The machine must be filled with cleanfuel. Cat recommends an “ISO 18/16/14” with watercontent of 0.05% or less when fuel is filled into themachine.

Tolerances of fuel injectors are very tight to allow theprecise injection of fuel and accurate injection timing.Dirt in the fuel causes wear and scoring of fuelinjectors and hence leads to poor performance andshortened life. Common rail injection systems, usedin some modern Cat engines, are more sensitive tocontamination than other injection systems. Cleanfuel and proper filtration aboard the engine areespecially important for common rail injectionsystems.

Fuel filters on the engine are designed to be the finalcleaning step for moderately clean supply fuel of“ISO 18/16/13” or cleaner, with water content of0.05% or less. Bulk filtration of fuel storage tanks isrecommended to ensure clean fuel supply into theengine. Refer to this Special Publication, “BulkFiltration” for information. Refer to this SpecialPublication, “Contamination Control” for details on thecontamination requirements and ISO codeinformation. Additionally, information detailingcontamination control measures for fuels and forfluids in general are provided in multiple Catpublications. Refer to this Special Publication,“Reference Information” for information.

Engines typically use two fuel filters, a primary and asecondary. In some machines multiple secondaryfilters are installed in series to ensure clean fuel.Primary filters can be Standard or AdvancedEfficiency. Secondary filters are required to beAdvanced High Efficiency with Ultra High Efficiencyrequired in special or very harsh applications. Referto your Operation and Maintenance Manual forinformation.

Secondary filters are typically 4 micron absolute.These filters remove more than 98% of all particlesthat are 4 microns or larger until the filter restrictionbecomes excessive. Typically, a secondary fuel filteris restricted when the filter reaches 10 psi deltapressure. Replacing the filter immediately is criticalwhen a plugged filter warning light is activated in theoperator compartment. Failure to replace a pluggedfuel filter can cause serious fuel injector damage.

Refer to this Special Publication, “ContaminationControl” for detailed recommendations.


Example of a fuel filter assembly


Powertrain Oil Filters

NOTICEWhen the secondary fuel is restricted due to the build-up of contaminants, a plugged filter warning light, ifequipped, is activated in the operator compartment.Replace the filter immediately in order to avoid fuelsystem contamination. If the filter is not changed uponthe indication of excessive restriction, the pressureacross the filter continues to rise and pushes contami-nants that were trapped in the filter media through thefilter and into the clean fuel. Contaminated fuel cancause serious fuel injector wear and damage.

Note: Electric Priming pumps are recommended topre-fill the secondary fuel filter with clean fuel when afilter is changed to help start the engine. Refer to thisSpecial Publication, “Priming Pumps”.

Priming PumpsIn order to help prevent hard starting after theinstallation of new fuel filters, purging air from the fuelsystem is necessary prior to engine startup. Primingpumps remove this air from the system by pumpingfuel through the fuel system. Priming pumps aretypically installed on or near the fuel water separator,although in some cases priming pumps are remotelymounted.

Caterpillar offers two kinds of priming systems:

Electric Priming Pumps – Electric priming pumpswork by either pushing a switch, or automatically runwhen the system is cycled on. These pumps take twoto six minutes to prime the fuel system.

Hand Priming Pumps – Hand priming pumps aremanually operated to prime the fuel system.

Caterpillar recommends against the practice of pre-filling fuel filters prior to filter installation. Doing so canintroduce debris into the fuel system which can causeharm to fuel injectors and result in downtime andincreased maintenance costs. Using a priming pumpavoids the introduction of this debris by ensuring thefuel has been properly filtered before the fuel reachescritical components of the fuel system.

Note: Electric Priming pumps are recommended topre-fill the secondary fuel filter with clean fuel when afilter is changed to help start the engine. An electricpriming pump contains another filter so that all thefuel supplied to the system has been pre-filtered. Thistype of pump reduces the time and effort needed to filla new fuel filter compared with the manual primingpumps.

i05539705

Fuel Filter (Water Separators)SMCS Code: 1261; 1263

On many machines or engines, the primary fuel filtermay be a combination primary filter and waterseparator. A water separator cleans the fuel of excesswater. Water causes corrosion of fuel systemsurfaces and can damage fuel pumps. For injectorcomponents that are of tight clearances, water doesnot offer the lubricity and hence causes wear of thesurfaces. The effective removal of water is critical tothe performance of fuel system components.

Caterpillar offers effective barrier type fuel waterseparators that are recommended for use on anyengine or machine. This barrier type filter removeslarge water droplets from the fuel. The water dropletsfall to the bottom of the filter where the droplets arecollected in a void or bowl. Water must be drainedfrom the filter before the water reaches the filtermedia. Check the water level in the fuel waterseparator daily and by draining the water separatoras necessary.

Cat fuel water separators are available in variouscapacities. Refer to your Operation and MaintenanceManual, and consult your local Cat dealer for moreinformation.

i05539737

Coolant FiltersSMCS Code: 1352-FI

Coolant pelleted filters have been historically used onsome Cat machines or engines. The main functionof these pelleted filters was to allow dosing of thesupplemental coolant additives into the coolingsystems that used DEAC coolants. Starting in 2013,Caterpillar pelleted coolant filters will be discontinuedand will be replaced with a non-pelleted filter anddirect dosing with supplemental coolant additive(SCA).

Note: The coolant pelleted filters are discontinuedduring 2013. The non-pelleted filter replacementsrequire that the cooling system using Cat DEACshould be dosed directly with the supplementalcoolant additive. For the recommended dosingvolumes and dosing intervals follow the instructionsprovided in Special Publication, SEBU6250,“Caterpillar Machine Fluids Recommendations” orSpecial Publication, SEBU6251, “Cat CommercialDiesel Engine Fluids Recommendations”.

The coolant filters that replaced the pelleted filters area spin-on filter design. Servicing of these filters isrecommended as follows:

14 SEBU9208Fluid FiltersFuel Filter (Water Separators)

• Replace the filter when you change the coolantfluid.

• If signs of corrosion appear on the filter, specificallyat the top of the filter where the filter is assembledinto the system. Inspect the filter for corrosionevery time you dose the system with coolantadditives.

i05539931

BreathersSMCS Code: 1054

Breathers are used on machine fluid tanks and onbulk fluid storage tanks. Breathers are designed andsized to equalize the pressure differentials betweenthe inside of the tank and the outside atmosphere.The yield strength of the fluid tanks is also one of thedesign criteria for breathers.

At high temperatures, fluids may expand and createpressure inside tanks. Breathers allow the excessgas to flow from the tank to the outside, whichrelieves pressure buildup. Similarly, at lowtemperatures, pressure inside tanks may decreaseand create a vacuum in the tank. Breathers in thiscase allow the ingression of external air to preventtank collapse and at the same time filter the incomingair to keep the fluid clean. Breathers are also used tocompensate for volume changes in the tank. Forexample, in hydraulic systems, when significantchange of the length of hydraulic cylinders occursquickly the change causes a sudden surge of oil flowinto the hydraulic tank. This sudden flow of oilpressurizes the air in the tank. Breathers allow thepressurized air to escape from the tank, equalize thepressure, and avoid damage of the tank. Breathersare designed based on the tank size to allow theappropriate volume of gas flow in order to protecttanks. Breather design is also based on the rate offlow and the tank yield strength.

Most breathers may have an integral filter element ora separate serviceable filter element. Filter elementsin breathers prevent the ingression of dirt as the airmoves into the tank. Filter elements also prevent themovement of fluids such as fuels or oils from thetanks and into the atmosphere, which reducescontamination.

In general, breathers with filter elements arerecommended for all fluid tanks. Breathers with filterelements are specifically recommended for use onfuel tanks, whether bulk or machine tanks. A fourmicron filter rating is recommended for thesebreathers to keep the fuels clean.

Some breather designs require the servicing of thefilter element only, while other designs require theservicing of the entire breather. Follow theinstructions given in your Operation and MaintenanceManual for breather service life recommendations.Consult your Cat dealer for availability of breathersfor your applications.

i05539940

Diesel Exhaust Fluid FiltersSMCS Code: 108K-FI

Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF), also generically referredto as urea, is a liquid that is injected into the exhaustsystem of engines equipped with Selective CatalyticReduction (SCR) systems. SCR reduces emissionsof nitrogen oxides (NOx) in diesel engine exhaust.

In engines equipped with an SCR emissionsreduction system, DEF is injected in controlledamounts into the engine exhaust stream. DEF is thentransformed chemically into ammonia. The ammonia,in the presence of SCR catalyst, converts NOx intoharmless nitrogen (N2) and water (H2O). Refer toSpecial Publication, SEBU6250, “Caterpillar MachineFluids Recommendations” or Special Publication,SEBU6251, “Cat Commercial Diesel Engine FluidsRecommendations” for details and requirements ofDEF.

The cleanliness of DEF is critical to the performanceand operation of the SCR aftertreatment system.Contaminants interfere with the controlled injection ofDEF and with the SCR system pump performance.Contaminants are introduced into the system mainlyduring filling of DEF into the engine or machine tank.Dirt at the filling opening (neck) and surrounding areacan be introduced into the tank if contaminationcontrol precautions are not taken. The surfacessurrounding filler cap should be thoroughly cleanedbefore opening. The opening of the dispensingcontainer should also be thoroughly cleaned beforefilling the DEF. These steps help avoid theintroduction of contaminants into the system andallow the system to perform as designed.

Another source of contamination is dirty DEF. DEFshould be clean as the DEF is dispensed into theengine or machine tank. The dispensing containerfilling neck should be clean and should not introducecontaminants into the DEF engine or machine tank.Caterpillar recommended DEF fill fluid cleanliness is“ISO 18/16/13” as dispensed into the engine ormachine tank. Refer to this Special Publication,“Contamination Control”for details.

Contamination of DEF can result in poor performanceof the SCR system, down time, and increased cost. Inorder to avoid contamination related issues anddowntime, follow all the contamination controlguidelines detailed in this Special Publication,“Contamination Control”.

Note: The cleanliness of the DEF is as important asthe cleanliness of the fuel. Caterpillar recommends“ISO 18/16/13” cleanliness level for DEF fluid asdispensed into the engine or machine tank. Refer tothis Special Publication, “Contamination Control”fordetails and guidelines.

Multiple filtration steps are designed into the SCRsystem:

SEBU9208 15Fluid FiltersBreathers

Inlet Filtration Screen – There is a filtration screenat the inlet filling opening of the DEF tank. Thisscreen reduces the contamination introduced duringfilling of DEF engine or machine tank. The screen is aserviceable part and should be changed if the fillingtime is slowed due to the dirt accumulation or at thepublished service intervals. Refer to your Operationand Maintenance Manual for information.

Header Screen – There is a DEF header screenlocated in the DEF tank. This screen helps reduce thecontamination transported into the system from thetank. For questions about the tank screen, consultyour Cat dealer.

DEF Filter – The DEF filter is 4 microns absoluteefficiency. The DEF is circulated through the pumpand then passes through the filter to protect thedosing injector from debris. This filter is serviceableand should be changed at the service hourspublished in the Operation and Maintenance Manualof the engine or machine. When the contaminationlevel is high, the DEF filter may plug early. In thiscase, the filter should be changed as soon the firstsigns of plugging or increase of pressure are noticed.This change would avoid further damage and wear ofthe DEF system surfaces.

i05539951

Oil FiltrationCartsSMCS Code: 1308; 5068

The oil filter carts are independent filtration carts usedto perform kidney loop filtration, also called off boardfiltration. These carts are powered by air or electricpumps. The oil filter cart draws oil from a componenton the machine, passes the oil through a large highefficiency filter on the cart, and returns the oil to themachine. Oil continues to circulate until the oilreaches the target cleanliness for the machinecomponent. This kidney loop (or off board) filtrationprocess is typically performed while othermaintenance processes are conducted on themachine.

Filtration using the oil filter carts can clean the oil tovery high levels of cleanliness. As the machineoperates, debris is generated and on-board filtrationmay not be capable of maintaining the very high levelof cleanliness needed for optimal operation and life ofa machine component. When kidney loop filtration isrepeated during the next maintenance process, thenet effect is that the average cleanliness over time issignificantly better and the component life isimproved.

Kidney loop filtration is recommended to cleanhydraulic systems or powertrain systems as a regularcourse of action or after the system has been open toreplace a major component such as a pump orcylinder.

Cat offers several oil filter cart models that aredesigned to clean the oil in the final drives, axles,transmissions, hydraulic systems, or other systems.These carts offer high filter capacity at various flowrates that allow efficient off board filtration. Catoffered Oil Filter Carts can also be used to clean oilstorage tanks to provide pre-filtration of bulk oils.

i05539995

Bulk FiltrationSMCS Code: 108K; 1261; 1308; 5068

Bulk filtration is a large filtration unit that is used withexternal fuel storage tanks such as those used to fuelwork sites. Bulk filtration is designed to removecontamination and water from large volumes of fuel inone pass. Bulk filter units are placed in the fuel supplyline between fuel storage tank and fueling station.Proper storage tank settling and draining practicesremove portions of dirt and water in the fuel. Bulkfiltration removes the rest of the dirt and water andensures that the fuel reaches the fueling station at theproper cleanliness level.

Bulk filtration units are typically made of two units.The units are connected with proper shutoff valvesand pressure gauges that allow proper maintenanceand ensure that the fuel is passing through free ofwater. The two units are:

Particulate Filter – A large capacity Ultra HighEfficiency filter unit that removes dirt from the fuel.

Coalescer Unit – A Coalescer unit that removeswater from the clean fuel. Typically the coalescer unitis made of multiple coalescing filter elements that canremove the water efficiently and quickly from theclean fuel. The separated water can be drained asneeded.

Bulk filter units can be custom engineered to meet theneeds of the customer fueling site.

Caterpillar offers specially designed bulk filtrationunits in four different capacities:

• 50 Gallons per Minute




Each Cat bulk filtration unit is mounted on a skid,self contained, requires no electric power, and hasthe following features:

16 SEBU9208Fluid FiltersOil Filtration Carts

• 4 micron absolute particular filter

• 150 psi maximum pressure capability

• Filter delta pressure indicator

• Water coalescer with the capability to remove 3%continuous water in fuel. The fuel passing throughthe coalescer contains less than 100 ppm water byvolume.

• Automatic slug control valve to shut off supply iflarge quantities of water in the fuel exceed theautomatic drain capacity, or if the particulate filtersstart to plug. This valve ensures that debris andwater are not allowed to pass into the machine.

Note: The cost of bulk filter units is significant upfront, but bulk units are more economical, less laborintensive and more reliable than installing andmaintaining additional filtration units on each machinein a fleet. The filter coalescer unit ensures that onlyclean fuel enters the fuel tank of the machine orengine. If bulk filtration is used, the standard filtrationon the machine is adequate to provide fuel filtration.


Bulk Filtration

Fluid Filter Maintenancei05540038

Handling and StorageSMCS Code: 108K; 1261; 1308; 5068

Fluid filters are carefully designed for the optimal fluidflow and cleanliness of the engine or machinecompartment. Proper storage and handling of fluidfilters protects and ensures optimal performance andprotects engines or machine compartments fromcontamination, increases filter life, improvesefficiency, and reduces cost of servicing anddowntime.

The following are the recommendations forappropriate storage and handling of filters:

• Store filters in the original packages, indoors anddo not expose the filters to extreme temperatures.These storage conditions preserve the filtercleanliness and maintain the integrity of variousfilter components including non-metal componentssuch as seals. This storage ensures that the filterswill perform as designed and offer optimalprotection of the components. Furthermore, whenfollowing these recommendations, the life of thefilters on the shelf can be up to 5 years. The shelflife can be increased if all of the above conditionsare met and the storage facility has a consistentclimate controlled environment, which includes asteady temperature (no large fluctuations intemperature) and low/controlled humidity. If theclimate control requirements are met, the shelf lifecan be extended up to 8 years.

• Minimize handling of the packaged filters duringservicing. Keep the filter clean and in theappropriate packaging until ready to install thefilter. Keep the filter exposure to open air to aminimum to limit introduction of dirt or elementdamage. Use care when handling a new filterelement during servicing.

• Spin on filters are protected by the outer metalcanister. Following the recommendations givenabove ensures that the filters are free fromdamage and dirt.

• Cartridge filters are not protected by a canister andhence must be handled with care to ensure thatthe media is not damaged or contaminated. Holdthe cartridge unit from the end caps whenremoving from the packaging and quickly drop thecartridge in the canister to avoid contamination ordamage. Ensure that the filter element is wellseated and sealed against the housing.

Filter DisposalFluid filters are full of dirty fluids when replaced. Mostfluids are considered hazardous. Used filters shouldbe disposed of according to local regulations. Filterdisposal varies per state and per local municipalities.Refer to the regulations in your area in order todispose of the filter appropriately per localregulations.

Consult with your Cat dealer for availability of filtercollection or take-back programs. If these programsare available, the programs may include theseparation of spin-on filters into steel components,which are recycled, and into the fluid-contaminatedcomponents that can be incinerated or disposed ofaccording to local regulations. Cartridge filters haveone disposable component, which is the cartridge.The oil-filled cartridge can be disposed of accordingto local regulations or can be collected by the dealerfor incineration or proper disposal.

18 SEBU9208Fluid Filter MaintenanceHandling and Storage

Air Filtersi05540083

General Information (AirFilters)SMCS Code: 1054; 7342

Air filters, also called air cleaners, are responsible forcontinuously cleaning the air incoming into the engineor into the machine cab. Air filters are designed toeffectively remove contaminants such as dust, dirt,soot, and other air-born particulates. When therecommended filters are used and the recommendedmaintenance intervals are followed, the particulatecontamination in the incoming air is reduced resultingin the following:

• Reduced engine components wear and protectionof moving components in the engine

• Lower engine or machine downtime

• Enhanced performance of the engine and reducedoil and fuel consumption

• Preservation of the reliability and life built into theengines or machine components

• Clean air in the cabin and operator comfort

Air system requirements may vary per application.Engines used in various applications such as marine,locomotive, mining, construction, on-highway, or off-highway applications have unique environments. Ingeneral, heavy-duty applications experience highdust in the work environments and high machine orengine vibrations.

Cat air filter designs are optimized to offer highperformance, reliability, and cost value for all theapplications of Cat engines and machines. Theseenhanced designs involve but are not limited to thefollowing:

• Latest technologies of filter media

• Application-specific precleaner solutions

• Optimized filter design for the application

• Optimized filter efficiency and life for theapplication

• Appropriate filter restriction

• Precise fit into the engine

• Best cost value

• Consistent quality worldwide

Cat air filters are factory assembled into all Catengines and machines. These filters are available foraftermarket use through Cat dealers. The air filtersavailable in the marketplace vary significantly inquality and performance. Knowing the quality of filtersfrom visual observation of the filters is not possible.Cat filters are of high quality and hence offerimproved value and protection for the machine. Theexpectation with a high-quality filter is the initial costcan be higher than poor quality filter due to theamount of the media, quality of media and overallconstruction of the filter. The overall value of the filterincludes initial cost of the filter, value of equipmentprotection, reduction of downtime of equipment andextension of equipment life. As a result, the lifecyclevalue of high-quality filters outweighs the initialdifference in cost.

This chapter provides details of the designs andefficiencies of Cat Engine Air Filters and Cat CabinAir Filters. Refer to your machine or engine Operationand Maintenance Manual for the air filterrequirements and service intervals. Cat air filters areavailable through Cat dealers.

NOTICEDo not substitute any other air filter. Air filters that arenot designed for the engine air flow and applicationcan damage the engine and cause poor performance.

i05540117

Engine Air FiltersSMCS Code: 1054

The purpose of an engine air filter, which will bereferred to as an air filter in this section, is to clean theair incoming into the engine, typically called intake air.In the engine, intake air mixes with fuel that is injectedinto the combustion chamber at precise ratios. Thishighly designed combustion process ensures that theengine operates as intended and per design.

The cleanliness of the intake air is critical to theperformance of the engine. Dirty and contaminatedintake air causes a lower quality combustion process,which results in a rough running engine and lowerpower. Also, dirty intake air introduces abrasive dirtinto engine components that are moving at highspeed such as pistons, rings, and bearings. Theabrasive dirt scratches the surfaces of movingcomponents and causes gouging and roughness.The rough and scratched surfaces lead to lowerperformance, higher oil consumption, reduced life ofthe engine, down time, along with other negativeeffects and higher maintenance cost.

SEBU9208 19Air Filters

General Information (Air Filters)

Air filters are designed specifically for the machine orengine application in order to supply the proper airflow for the combustion process. Large engines mayrequire multiple air filters to supply the neededvolume of clean air. Refer to your machine Operationand Maintenance Manual for the specific air filter thatis designed for your machine.

NOTICEDo not substitute any other air filter. Air filters that arenot designed for the engine air flow and applicationcan damage the engine and cause poor performance.

Off-road and mining heavy-duty equipment andmachines typically work in dusty and dirtyenvironments. The air filter elements used in theseapplications have to offer strength and high dirtholding capacity in order to protect the engine for thedesigned service life of the filter.

Cat air filters are designed for optimal fit andperformance into all applications of Cat machinesand engines. These filters are developed using high-quality materials, precise designs, and dimensions.The filters offer the best capacity, level of filtration,and service life needed for all Cat engine modelsand machines for all conditions of operation.

High-quality air filter systems have the followingcharacteristics:

• Allow the appropriate volume of clean intake air tothe engine

• Designed with the capacity for the intended lifeand maintenance intervals

• Withstand the vibrations expected in the machineand application

• Effectively clean the intake air to protect the enginecomponents

• Allow for ease of serviceability

• Precisely fit into the machine or engine design

Note: Air filters for off-road machines have to berobust and offer strength, desired life, andperformance under demanding conditions. Off-roadmachines typically experience high vibration, highimpacts, and dusty environments. Use of inferiorquality filters or use of filters other than those filtersrecommended for your machine may cause poorengine performance and engine damage.

Air Filter Selection CriteriaAir filters are selected based on the air flowrequirements of the engine. The following are themain components for designing an air filter for theapplication.

Rated Engine Air Flow – Air flow needed forappropriate engine power and operation. Air flow istypically expressed in cubic feet per minute (cfm),cubic meters per minute (m3/min), or kilograms perhour (kg/hr).

Initial and Final Restriction – Air restriction limitneeded to ensure continuous flow of appropriatevolume throughout the service life of the filter. Initialrestriction is measured with a clean filter element.Final restriction is measured with a fully loaded dirtyfilter element. Restriction is typically expressed ininches of water (inH2O), or kilopascals (kPa).

Dust Concentration – Amount of dirt, dust, andcontamination expected in the applicationenvironment. Dust concentration is typicallyexpressed in grams per meter cubed (g/m3).

Mounting – Mounting is the available space to locatethe air filter properly, while considering the vibrationsexpected during operation of the engine or themachine.

Service Interval – Expected frequency of dirty filterelement replacement. The service interval is typicallyexpressed in hours (hrs). A service interval based onthe filter restriction is preferred. Refer to this SpecialPublication, “Servicing Engine Air Filters” for details.

Air Filter ComponentsThe designs of air filters may vary significantly amongdifferent air filter models. Some air filter designs arecomplicated and made of multiple components whileothers are simple and made of few components.Table 6 lists the components that can be included inair filters. These components may not be included inall air filter designs. Use only the recommended airfilter for your machine.

Note: Air filters are also called air cleaners. Filterelement refers to the disposable media.


Example of air filter components

20 SEBU9208Air FiltersEngine Air Filters


Assembled air filter

Table 6

Component(1) Function

Single stage air cleaner No precleaning feature

Two stage air cleaner Contains precleaning feature

Precleaner Removes dirt prior to primary filter

Housing Protects filter element

Primary filter element Removes the majority of dust and dirt from intake air

Secondary filter element(Safety filter element)

Protects engine during service or failure of primary filter

Dust discharge / Scavenge port Dirt discharge outlet for two stage air cleaners and precleaners

Dust discharge valve Available on two-stage air cleaners and precleaners to discharge dirt

Filter service indicator / sensor Indicates filter restriction and true filter service life

Rain cap Protects air intake from rain and various forms of debris

Ejector check valve Prevents exhaust backflow and protects air filter

(1) These components may not be included in every filter design.

Single Stage Air Cleaner (Air Filter)

A single stage air cleaner does not have aprecleaning feature designed into the housing. Thisair cleaner typically has a primary and a secondaryelements. Single stage air cleaners are commonlyused for low dust applications.

Two Stage Air Cleaner (Air Filter)

A two stage air cleaner contains a precleaningfeature. The precleaning feature is typically designedinto the housing. This design allows the incoming airto spin in the housing, which causes the separation ofthe large particles before the air enters the filterelement. The large particles are then discharged fromthe housing through a built in discharge port.Typically, the two stage air cleaner has primary andsecondary air filter elements. Two stage air cleanersare commonly used for high dust applications.

Precleaner


Example of a precleaner


Engine Air Filters


Example of a plenum that connects the precleaner tothe filter

A precleaner can be separate or integrated into theair cleaner. The precleaner is designed to clean theintake air before the air flows through the primary filterelement. Precleaners extend the life of primary filterelements by removing large particles of dust and dirtbefore the particle reach the primary filter element.There are two main types of precleaners, turbine andseparator tube. Use of a built-in dust discharge port inthe precleaner housing is recommended in order tolimit dirt accumulation and maintenance.

Turbine precleaners use a rotating impeller toseparate primarily large particles from the airstream.The rotating impeller forces most of the largerparticles towards the outer edge of a single inletairstream. The particles are then discharged througha diverter feature built into the edge of the housing.Turbine precleaners do not typically requirescavenge, although the turbine performance can beenhanced if scavenge can be used.

Separator tube precleaners use specially designedtubes to separate large and small particles from theairstream. Separator tube precleaners use severalsmaller fixed vane cyclonic tubes to force the dirtparticles out of the divided airstreams by centrifugalmotion. The dirt particles are then discharged throughgravity fed or vacuum driven scavenge port.

Precleaners can be used with single or with two-stageair cleaners. However, the use of precleaners withtwo stage air cleaners is not generally recommended.

Housing

Air filter housings can be metallic, non-metallic, or acombination. Housings can have various shapes andsizes. Air filter housings are designed to be vibration,corrosion, chemical, and impact resistant. Filterhousings should be designed to fit the machine orengine application. The filter element is designed to fitprecisely into the housing to ensure a good seal sothat only clean air enters the engine.

Primary Filter Element

The primary filter element is designed to remove thedirt from the airstream before entering the engine.The primary filter element media may be synthetic,cellulose, or a combination. Filter media may alsocontain resins and binders. The media could be ofvarious designs including but not limited to pleatedand fluted. A high-quality filter media allows highseparation efficiency and extended service life. Thefilter element may be designed to offer a large surfacearea for additional dirt holding capacity. Refer to theOperation and Maintenance Manual for therecommended maintenance intervals.

Cat primary air filter elements are offered in standardand ultra high efficiency media.

• Cat standard efficiency filters are available for allCat equipment models. Standard efficiency airfilters are recommended for normal duty filtration.Standard efficiency media is designed to preventdirt, soot, sand, and other contaminates fromentering the engine under normal operatingconditions.

• Cat ultra high efficiency (UHE) filters are availablefor some Cat equipment models. UHE air filtersare recommended when extreme fine dust or sootmake up a high percentage of the contaminants inthe atmosphere. UHE elements have a higherinitial and overall efficiency for improved engineperformance. UHE elements have improved dirtholding capacity, which extends filter elementservice life, depending on the operating conditions.

Secondary Filter Element

The secondary filter element is designed to preventdirt from entering the engine during primary filterelement service or as a backup if the primary elementfails. For this reason the secondary filter element mayalso be called a safety filter. These filter elements arenot used in every design but are highlyrecommended. Refer to the Operation andMaintenance Manual for the recommendedmaintenance intervals.

Sealing of Media and Housing

Filter elements should have appropriate sealingbetween the media and the housing. The filterelement is designed to fit precisely into the housing toensure a good seal so that only clean air enters theengine. Sealing can be radial or axial.

22 SEBU9208Air FiltersEngine Air Filters

• Radial sealed elements are designed to seal onthe inside and/or outside diameter of the filterelement as the element contacts the housing. Thistype of seal allows for more flexibility during theinstallation process, while still providing a robustseal. Most current air cleaner designs use radialsealing technology.

• Axial sealed elements are designed to seal only onthe end of the filter element as the filter contactsthe housing. This type of seal has less flexibilityduring the installation process, since the sealrequires a near perfect position in the housing toprovide an adequate seal. For this reason, radialsealing is preferred.

Dust Discharge / Scavenge Port

The dust discharge port is used to provide an outletfor the dirt removed by the precleaner or two stage aircleaner. Dust discharge can be assisted by adischarge valve or by the use of a scavenge system.Without this port, the dirt may build up in the cleanerand clogging may occur.

Dust Discharge Valve

The dust discharge valve uses gravity and pressureto help eliminate the dirt from the cleaner. Typically,this valve stays closed until the engine is turned off orpulsations trigger the valve to open. The valve can beattached directly to the dust discharge port or to anextension tube. The latter allows gravity to assist thedischarge of dirt.

Filter Service Indicator / SensorFilter service indicators allow the determination of thepressure drop across the filter. As dust and dirtbuildup on the filter element, the pressure across theelement increases. Indicators can be electronic ormechanical and may use remotely mounted displaysfor operator convenience. Filter elements must beserviced when the elements reach a pre-designedpressure drop. Indicators allow the determination ofthe pressure drop and hence allow for servicing at theright interval. Indicators help prevent over servicingand higher cost. The indicator also help preventunder servicing, loss of performance and potentialengine damage. Refer to the Operation andMaintenance Manual for the indicator recommendedreading or resetting if needed.

Rain Cap

A rain cap protects the air intake from rain andvarious forms of debris. If needed, the rain cap maybe integrated into the precleaner or can be a separatecomponent.

Ejector Check Valve

An ejector check valve prevents exhaust backflowand protects the air filter by only allowing air to flow inone direction.

i05540289

Servicing Engine Air FiltersSMCS Code: 1054

The capacity and restriction of air cleaners arecarefully designed for the optimal intake air volumeand cleanliness of the engine. Proper service andmanagement of the air filter protects the engine fromdirt and dust, reduces engine downtime, increasesfilter life, improves efficiency, and reduces cost ofservicing.


Servicing Engine Air Filters

• Use care when handling a new filter elementduring servicing. Keep the filter element clean andin the filters appropriate packaging until ready toinstall into the housing. Keep the filter elementexposure to open air to a minimum to limitintroduction of dirt or element damage.

• Inspect the new filter element prior to installationinto the housing to ensure that the element is freefrom any damage. Ensure that the filter element iswell seated and sealed against the housing.

• Do not remove the filter element from the housingin order to visually inspect the element prior to theservice interval. Visual inspection of the filterelement to determine the filters service life is notuseful and is not recommended. Removing thefilter element from the housing before therecommended and designed service interval canintroduce dirt to the clean side of the filter element.This dirt can then be ingested into the enginecausing damage and decreasing the performance.

• A filter element would appear dirty during visualobservation, but the filter may still have significantservice life. Filter elements develop a “dirt cake” ora dirt layer during normal operation. The dirt layerincreases the filter element efficiency. Theefficiency of the filter element is lowest when thefilter is new and the dirt layer has not formed yet.

• Do not “tap” a filter element, such as on a hardsurface, to remove the dust. Hitting the filterelement on a surface to remove the dust candamage the filter element. Deeply embedded dirtcannot be removed by tapping the filter element.This process will also remove the dirt layer thatincreases the filter element efficiency.

• Frequent opening of the housing for visualinspection, may lead to engine damage bypotentially exposing the clean side of the filter todust and dirt.

• Always change air filter elements based on the airfilter service indicator, not the appearance of thefilter. Change the primary filter element when therestriction is at the level indicated in the Operationand Maintenance Manual.

• Changing the air filter element based on arestriction indicator allows for optimal service lifeand efficiency of the air cleaner. Changing the airfilter element prior to the designed life increasesservice time and cost unnecessarily. Changing anair filter element late may damage the engine dueto potential failure of the filter element.

• Air filter service indicator may need to be resetafter new filter element is installed. Refer to theOperation and Maintenance Manual forinstructions.

• Typically secondary elements do not need to beserviced at every primary filter element serviceinterval. Refer to the Operation and MaintenanceManual for the recommendedmaintenanceintervals.

• Use of filter covers and rain caps is preferred toprotect the filter from water and large debris.

• Inspect the dust discharge valve periodically toremove accumulated dust from the precleaner ortwo stage air cleaner.

• For precleaner servicing (if needed) refer to theOperation and Maintenance Manual.

• When servicing the air filter, inspect theconnections, clamps, and mounting componentsfor apparent damage. Also inspect the filterelement service cover seal (if included) andlatches for apparent damage. Replace as needed.

• Never attempt to replace an air filter element whilethe engine is running.

i05540308

Management and Cleaning ofEngine Air FiltersSMCS Code: 1054

Appropriate storage, handling, and use of air filterelements extend the life and allow for optimal engineperformance and lower cost due to appropriateservice intervals.

• Always store the filter elements sealed and in abox. Do not allow a filter element to be exposed todirt, water, or other contaminants during storage.

• Store filters in the original packages, indoors anddo not expose the filters to extreme temperatures.These storage conditions preserve the filtercleanliness and maintain the integrity of variousfilter components including non-metal componentssuch as seals. This storage ensures that the filterswill perform as designed and offer optimalprotection of the components. Furthermore, whenfollowing these recommendations, the life of thefilters on the shelf can be up to 5 years. The shelflife can be increased if all of the above conditionsare met and the storage facility has a consistentclimate controlled environment, which includes asteady temperature (no large fluctuations intemperature) and low/controlled humidity. If theclimate control requirements are met, the shelf lifecan be extended up to 8 years.

• Exercise care when removing the filter elementfrom the box and from the bag so that the elementis not exposed to any contamination.

24 SEBU9208Air FiltersManagement and Cleaning of Engine Air Filters

Cleaning Primary Air FilterElementsCaterpillar does not recommend the cleaning of airfilter elements since there is not a relatively feasibleand reliable method of inspecting air filter elementsfor damage. A damaged air filter element can allowdirt to pass through, which results in reducedefficiency.

Cleaning the air filter element will result in aprogressive reduction from the original filter capacityeach time the filter is cleaned. However, if the ownerinsists on cleaning primary air filter elements toextend filter life, the following instructions may help tominimize the risks.

Do not clean the air filter elements by bumping ortapping as these actions can cause damage. Do notuse air filter elements with damaged pleats, gaskets,or seals. Discard damaged air filter elements.

Do not use solvents or water to wash the air filterelement.

When attempting to clean the primary air filterelement, use a maximum gauged air pressure of207 kPa (30 psi) at a minimum distance of 75 mm(3 inch) for at least 3 minutes. Do not aim the high-pressure air stream directly at the filter media, butrather so the air flows along the length of the filtermedia surface. Take extreme care during thisprocedure to help prevent damage to the filterelement and to prevent forcing dirt further into thepleats. This procedure may be used for a maximumof three cleanings before filter element replacement.

The engine air filter secondary (safety) elementshould never be cleaned and should be replacedevery third primary air filter element change, or asrequired.

Never attempt to replace a filter element while theengine is running.

NOTICEDue to the lack of a feasible and reliable filter elementinspection procedure, the customer is encouraged toclosely monitor the engine S·O·S (scheduled oil sam-pling) as the best means to detect dust ingestion intothe engine. Refer to the Operation and MaintenanceManual for more details.

Note:Caterpillar is not responsible for damage to theair filter elements and/or contingent damage toCaterpillar equipment due to unauthorized air filtercleaning. Any cleaning of air filter elements voids theCaterpillar Parts Warranty associated with the parts.

i05540350

Cab Air FiltersSMCS Code: 7342

The purpose of a cabin air filter is to clean the aircoming into the cab. There are typically two cabin airfilters, a fresh air filter and a recirculation filter. Thefresh air filter cleans the outside air prior to enteringthe cab. The recirculation filter cleans the air that isinside the cab. Cabin air filters help to protect the cabheating and cooling system from dirt and debris.Cabin air filters also help with operator well-being byproviding clean air within the cab. The cabin air filtershelp to create a comfortable working environment forthe operator.

Note: Cabin air filters are not for use in filteringhazardous materials.

Cabin air filters are designed specifically for theapplication in order to supply the proper air flow to thecab. Consult your Cat dealer for the specific cabinair filter that is designed for your machine. Do notsubstitute any other cabin air filter.

Note: Cabin air filters that are not designed for the airflow and application can damage the cab heating andcooling system causing poor performance. Consultyour Cat dealer for the specific cabin air filter that isdesigned for your machine and do not substitute anyother cabin air filter.

High-quality cabin air filter systems have the followingcharacteristics:

• Allow the appropriate volume of clean air to thecab

• Designed with the capacity for the intended lifeand maintenance intervals

• Withstand the vibrations expected in the machineand application

• Effectively clean the air to protect the cab heatingand cooling components

• Create a cleaner and more comfortable workingenvironment for the operator

• Allow for ease of serviceability

• Precisely fit into the machine design


Cab Air Filters

Note:Cabin air filters for off-road machines have tobe robust and offer desired life and performanceunder demanding conditions. Off-road machinestypically experience high vibration, high impacts, anddusty environments. The cabin air filter elementsused in off-road applications have to offer high dirtholding capacity in order to protect the cab heatingand cooling system for the designed service life of thefilter. Use of inferior quality filters or use of filters otherthan the filters recommended for your machine maycause poor performance and damage to the cabheating and cooling system.

Cat cabin air filters are designed for optimal fit andperformance into all Cat machines. These filters aredeveloped using high-quality materials, along withprecise designs and dimensions. These filters offerthe best capacity, level of filtration, and service lifeneeded for all Cat machines and for all conditions ofoperation.

Cabin air filters are selected based on the air flowrequirements of the cab. The following are the maincomponents for designing a cabin air filter for theapplication.

Cab Air Flow – Air flow needed for appropriate cabpressurization, as well as heating and cooling. Cabair flow is typically expressed in cubic feet per minute(cfm), cubic meters per minute (m3/min), or kilogramsper hour (kg/hr).

Initial and Final Restriction – Air restriction limitneeded to ensure continuous flow of appropriatevolume throughout the service life of the filter. Initialrestriction is measured with a clean filter. Finalrestriction is measured with a fully loaded dirty filter.Restriction is typically expressed in inches of water(inH2O) or kilopascals (kPa).

Dust Concentration – Amount of dirt, dust, andcontamination expected in the applicationenvironment. Dust concentration is typicallyexpressed in grams per meter cubed (g/m3).

Mounting – Available space to locate the cabin airfilter properly, while considering the vibrationsexpected during operation of the machine.

Service Interval – Expected frequency of dirty filterreplacement. The service interval is typicallyexpressed in hours (hrs).

Cabin Air Filter Options

StandardStandard efficiency cabin air filters are available forall Cat equipment models. Standard efficiency cabinair filters are recommended for normal duty filtration.Standard efficiency media is designed to prevent dirt,soot, sand, and other contaminates from entering thecab under normal operating conditions.

High Efficiency

High efficiency cabin air filters are available for someCat equipment models. High efficiency cabin airfilters are recommended for extremely dustyenvironments. High efficiency cabin air filters have ahigher initial and overall efficiency for improvedperformance. High efficiency cabin air filters haveimproved dirt holding capacity, which extends filterservice life, depending on the operating conditions.

Activated CarbonActivated carbon cabin air filters are available forsome Cat equipment models. These cabin air filtersare recommended in situations where odor is aproblem. Activated carbon cabin air filters absorbodors as well as capturing dust. Activated carboncabin air filters must be replaced regularly formaximum odor reduction.

Lower RestrictionLower restriction cabin air filters are available forsome Cat equipment models. Lower restriction cabinair filters are typically recommended in situationswhere there is poor cab air flow. Lower restrictioncabin air filters allow for more air flow into the cab, buttypically have a lower efficiency.

Cabin Air Filter ServicingThe capacity and restriction of cabin air filters arecarefully designed for the optimal cab air flow andcleanliness. Proper service and management of thecabin air filters protects the heating and coolingsystem from dirt and dust, increases filter life,improves efficiency, and reduces cost of servicing.Proper service and management of the cabin airfilters also creates a cleaner and more comfortableworking environment for the operator.

26 SEBU9208Air FiltersCab Air Filters

• Use care when handling a new filter elementduring servicing. Keep the filter element clean andin the appropriate packaging until ready to installthe filter into the housing. Keep the filter elementexposure to open air to a minimum to limitintroduction of dirt or element damage.

• Inspect the new filter element prior to installationinto the housing to ensure that the element is freefrom any damage. Ensure that the filter element iswell seated and sealed against the housing.

• Do not “tap” a filter element, such as on a hardsurface, to remove the dust. Hitting the filterelement on a surface to remove the dust candamage the filter element. Deeply embedded dirtcannot be removed by tapping the filter element.This process will also remove the dirt layer thatincreases the filter element efficiency.

• Always change air filter elements based on therecommended service interval, not the appearanceof the filter. Refer to the Operation andMaintenance Manual for the recommendedmaintenance intervals.

• Changing the air filter element based on therecommended service intervals allows for optimalservice life and efficiency. Changing the air filterelement prior to the designed life increases servicetime and cost unnecessarily. Changing an air filterelement late may cause damage to the cabheating and cooling system due to potential failureof the filter element.

• When servicing the air filter, inspect the housingand mating components for apparent damage.Replace as needed.

Cabin Air PrecleanersThe purpose of the cabin air precleaner is to clean theair before the air reaches the fresh air filter. Thisprecleaning is accomplished by using a motor andfan to spin the incoming air at very high speed insidethe precleaner. The heavy particles ride on theoutside of the precleaner body and are ejected backto the outside before ever reaching the filter.

Cabin air precleaners extend the life of the fresh airfilters. Customers have demonstrated a typicalincrease in filter life of 5 to 10 times compared tosystems without the precleaner. As a result, the useof cabin air precleaner reduces the cost associatedwith frequent air cleaner changes and reduces themaintenance time for filter replacement.

Additionally, cabin air precleaners result in positive(higher) and more consistent cabin air pressure. Thispositive cabin air pressure keeps the clean air insidethe cab while keeping the dirty air outside. Withoutpositive cabin air pressure, dirty outside air can enterthe cab through any small openings including brokendoor seals, window cracks, skip welds, and cabpenetrations (harnesses, hydraulic lines, hoses).Without a precleaner, the cab pressure is higher atthe fastest fan speed setting and lower at the lowestfan speed setting. With a precleaner installed, the cabpressure remains high no matter what fan speed isselected.

Cab Pressure MonitorCab pressure is very important to maintaining aclean, healthy working environment inside the cab.Due to this importance, measuring cabin air in realtime and to monitoring cabin air is useful. Thismonitoring allows the operator to receive feedback ifa door or window is left open or if a filter has becomeplugged with dirt. Caterpillar has released a cabinpressure monitor for dealer installation with a digitalreadout, programmable pressure set point, andaudible alarm. Consult your Cat dealer for moreinformation and refer to your Operation andMaintenance Manual for more information.


Cab Air Filters

Gas Engine Filtersi05540408

General Information (GasEngine Filters)SMCS Code: 1054; 1261; 1308

Natural gas engines require fuel that is clean, dry andat the acceptable pressure for engine operation.Filters for natural gas engines are critical to supplythe engine with the clean and dry fuel and areappropriately sized for the gas pressure required forengine operation.

Gas fuel filters are no less important than air filters indiesel engines to protect gas engines from dirt anddebris. A proper gas fuel filter removes impurities thatcan damage internal components of the engine.

For many gas engines, fuel filters are a provision ofthe design for the application. These devices areincluded in the normal maintenance of the plant.Hence, Cat does not include a standard gas fuelfilter as a part of each gas engine. However, gas fuelfilters are available from your Cat dealer.

Cat natural gas filters have the followingcharacteristics:

• Specially treated borosilicate glass microfibers thatactively repel oil and water

• A positive o-ring seal to prevent entry of debris andparticulate matter especially in high soot operatingconditions that tend to plug normal filters

• Chemical resistant end caps built to withstandchallenging operating environments

Note:Use a gas fuel filter that is designed to capturea minimum of 99 percent of the particles that are 1micron in diameter.

Consult your Cat dealer for Cat natural gas fuelfilters and about the requirements for filtering yourfuel.

For information on the engine oil filters for gasengines, refer to this Special Publication, “Fluid Filtersand Engine Oil Filters”.

28 SEBU9208Gas Engine FiltersGeneral Information (Gas Engine Filters)

Use of Cat Filters on OtherOEM Engines

i05540437

Guidance for Use of Cat Filterson Other OEM EnginesSMCS Code: 1054; 108K; 1261; 1263; 1308; 5068;7342

Cat filters are not designed to be used on other OEMengines or machines. Follow the manufacturerrecommendations when using Cat filters on otherOEM engines or machines.

Cat filters are extensively tested and validated toensure that the filters meet all of the system andperformance requirements of Cat equipment orengines the filters are designed for. Caterpillar doesnot verify whether Cat filters meet the system andperformance requirements of other manufacturesequipment/engines. Caterpillar expects thecustomers to utilize Cat filters on Cat equipmentand engines to ensure optimum system performanceand the best component protection. Othermanufactures equipment/engines may have differentperformance parameters/requirements that demandspecific filtration solutions.

Some customers may choose to use Cat filters onother manufactures equipment/engines. Additionally,Cat filtration products may fit non Caterpillarequipment/engines. Caterpillar parts warranty doesnot apply to the use of Cat filtration products on nonCat equipment/engines. Caterpillar has no controlover how the parts are used by customers after theparts are purchased from Cat dealers.

Always refer to and follow your enginesrecommendations for filtration products.

SEBU9208 29Use of Cat Filters on Other OEM Engines

Guidance for Use of Cat Filters on Other OEM Engines

ContaminationControli05540463

Contamination ControlSMCS Code: 1054; 108K; 1261; 1263; 1308; 5068;7342

Defining ContaminationContamination is defined as the presence ofunwanted foreign substances in fluid systems or fluidwetted parts. Contamination alters the properties offluids, causes damage of fluid systems, and preventssystems and components from attaining the desiredreliability and durability. Contamination is the primarycause of fluid system failures.

Contaminants include a wide variety of unwantedsubstances including but not limited to the following:

• Foreign and abrasive substances such as wearparticles, fibers, dirt, and dust

• Chemical substances such as products ofcombustion that are suspended in the fluids

• Cross contamination of water, coolant, oil, and fuel

• Biological micro-organisms such as algae or fungi

• Physical/chemical contaminants such as productsof oxidation and heat

Some contaminants are generated within the fluidsystem due to the normal operation of the system.Contaminants may be drawn into the system from theoutside environment or contaminated fill fluids orimproper maintenance and repair practices.

Particle contaminants are visible to the naked eye ifthe particles are approximately 40 µm (microns) andlarger while smaller particles are not visible. Particlecontaminants can cause damage even if the particlesare not visible to the naked eye. The critical particlesize for wear particles in a modern diesel engine fuelsystem is 4 µm.

Contaminants of all types can be controlled byfollowing contamination control practices and usingappropriate filtration. Refer to your Operation andMaintenance Manual and to your local Cat dealer forrecommendations.

Controlling contamination is especially important forcurrent machine systems. Current machine systemssuch as hydraulic systems and fuel injection systemsare designed with close tolerances and operate athigh pressures for enhanced performance. Thesedesign improvements emphasize the importance ofhigher performing fluids, enhanced fluid filtration, andgreatly improved fluid cleanliness levels.

Measuring CleanlinessFluid cleanliness can be measured by taking fluidsamples from various machine compartments. YourCat dealer can analyze the samples. Particlecontaminants are typically measured by particlecounters. Chemical contaminants can be measuredby specific analysis techniques such as oxidation,water, or soot tests. Some chemical contaminants,such as water in fuel, can interfere with the particlecounters and can be counted as particles. Refer toyour Cat S·O·S lab or to your Cat dealer for moreinformation.

The number of particles in fluids is expressed in “ISO(International Organization for Standardization)”ratings. “ISO 4406” Standard classifies fluidcleanliness by the number and size of particles in 1milliliter of fluid. “ISO 4406” Standard measuresparticle size in µm (microns) and reports the resultingcount in three code ranges X, Y & Z. The three coderange defines the size and distribution of particles in 1milliliter of fluid:

• The first code range, X represents the number ofparticles equal to or larger than 4 µm per milliliterof fluid.

• The second code range, Y represents the numberof particles equal to or larger than 6 µm permilliliter of fluid.

• The third code range, Z represents the number ofparticles equal to or larger than 14 µm per milliliterof fluid.

An example of an “ISO 4406” particle count is 18/16/13. Cat “ISO” cleanliness recommendations areexpressed as two or three codes, depending on themachine system. The three code range follows “ISO4406” definitions and is used for liquid fuels such asdiesel and gasoline. The two code system, example“ISO -/16/13”, is used for certain lubricant systems. Inthe two code system, the first number is the numberof particles equal to or larger than 4 µm per milliliter offluid. This number is not required and may berepresented by a dash (-). The second number (Y)and the third number (Z) follow “ISO 4406”definitions. Cat reports the Y and Z codes forlubricating oils to keep consistency with older dataand reports.

An example of the particle size and distribution of the“ISO 4406” codes is given in Table 7 .

30 SEBU9208Contamination ControlContamination Control

Table 7

ISO 4406 CodeNumber of particles in 1 milliliter of fluid

4µm and up 6µm and up 14µm and up

“ISO 18/16/13” 1300 - 2500 320 - 640 40 - 80

“ISO 21/19/17” 10000 - 20000 2500 - 5000 80 - 160

Note: Several factors affect the results of particlecounts. The factors include the cleanliness of theequipment used to obtain the sample, sampletechniques, the cleanliness, and type of samplecontainer, particle counter accuracy (calibration,maintenance, and process), and the environmentwhere the sample is procured. Samples should betaken at representative locations in the fluidcirculation system or the fluid distribution systemwhen possible. The sample should be protectedadequately from contamination during transport to thelab for analysis.

In addition, particle counters may count waterdroplets and air bubbles as particulate contamination.

Note: American Society for Testing andMeasurement has developed “ASTMD7619”“Standard Test Method for Sizing andCounting Particles in Light and Middle DistillateFuels, by Automatic Particle Counter”. This testprocedure was developed in 2010 to count andmeasure the size of dispersed dirt particles, waterdroplets, and other particles in 1-D and 2-D dieselfuels when the specified particle counter is used.“ASTM D7619” is also applicable to biodiesel fuels.

Cleanliness Standards for MachineSystemsCat recommends that machine systems bemaintained at the factory defined fluid cleanlinesstargets.

Cat has established minimum fluid cleanliness targetsfor fuels and fill oils and for machine roll-off. Fluidsfilled into the machine or engine fill tanks arerecommended to be at the target levels provided inTable 8 or cleaner. Cleanliness targets for applicablemachine component systems are referred to as “Roll-off”. Roll-off is defined as the cleanliness specificationof the fluid that is to be obtained before the machinereturns to work after maintenance and or systeminvasion repair. When system fill fluids and Roll-offare maintained at or cleaner than the “ISO”cleanliness targets, contamination-related effects willbe reduced.

Table 8

Cat Recommended Fluid Cleanliness Targets(1)

Cat Recom-mended Cleanli-ness Targets forFluids Dispensedinto Machine or En-

gine Fill tanks

Fill oils(2) (3) ISO -/16/13

Dispensed fuels ISO 18/16/13

Dispensed DEF ISO 18/16/13

Cat Recom-mendedMachineRoll-off Cleanliness

Targets

Hydraulic systems(Implement &Steering)

ISO -/18/15

ElectronicTransmissions ISO -/18/15

MechanicalTransmissions ISO -/21/17

Differentials, Wheels,and Axles(4) ISO -/18/15

(1) The fluids should meet or exceed the cleanliness requirementsof the listed ISO levels.

(2) For engine oils, when filtering the oil prior to dispensing into theengine tank, use engine oil filters of 12 micron absolute effi-ciency and ensure that the oil temperature is 20° C (68° F) orhigher. Refer to the details given in this article.

(3) For transmission, gear, differential and axle oils, additives andthe viscosity of the oil may interfere with particle counting. An al-ternative is to use adequate filtration to ensure clean oils prior tofilling in the machine compartment.

(4) This cleanliness standard applies only to the Series 700 familyof rigid frame trucks, 777 size and larger.

The “fill” fluids cleanliness target is not a fluid“delivery” target. The level of cleanliness for deliveredfluids is not specified by Cat. Customers can workwith the distributors or carriers to determine thecleanliness level of delivered fluids. However, a moreeffective and economic means to achieve the fillcleanliness targets is to filter the fluids prior to fillinginto machine tanks as compared with specifyingdelivery fluid cleanliness level. Follow the guidelinesprovided in this Contamination Control article.

Although older technology machines may not be ableto maintain the recommended cleanliness targets ofadvanced models, the same contamination controlintervention measures such as filtration andsubsequent service procedures should be used on allCat products.

The viscosity and additives of powertrain oilsincluding transmission, gear, differential, and axle oilscan interfere with particle counting. An alternativeoption is to filter the oils using adequate filtration toensure clean oils prior to filling in the machinecompartments.

SEBU9208 31Contamination ControlContamination Control

Note:When particle counting new multi-viscosityengine oils, there may be difficulties achievingcleanliness targets. Optical particle counters cannotdistinguish between particulate contaminants andadditives. Do not use optical particle count for theevaluation of used engine oils because soot levelsrender oil too dark for optical particle counters. Sootlevels in used engine oils should be evaluated byusing S·O·S Services Oil Analysis.

When filtering engine oil before dispensing into theengine tank or when engine oil kidney loopingfiltration is done, follow these recommendations:

• Use engine oil filters of 12 microns absoluteefficiency. Cat Ultra High Efficiency Lube filter isrecommended. Consult your Cat dealer for themost current part number.

• Ensure that the temperature of engine oil is 20° C(68° F) or higher.

Consult your Cat dealer for information and solutionsto your oil and fuel analysis needs.

General ContaminationControlRecommendationsor PracticesMaintaining a low contamination level can reducedown time and can control the maintenance cost ofthe machine. The productive life as well as thereliability of components and fluid systems is oftenincreased as a result of proper contamination controlpractices.

The following are general guidelines for controllingcontaminants.

• Refer to the Recommendations for Fuel Systemsin this chapter for recommended fuel cleanlinesslevels and guidelines.

• Refer to the machine Operation and MaintenanceManual for the required maintenance for allmachine compartments.

• When you add oil to a machine, use adequatefiltration in order to clean the oil to meet the targetsprovided in Table 8 .

• Perform scheduled S·O·S Services Oil Analysis forcontamination in order to maintain therecommended ISO cleanliness level of fill andmachine fluids. Refer to the S·O·S Oil Analysissection in this Special Publication. The particlecount analysis can be performed by your Catdealer. Particle count can be conducted during thescheduled S·O·S Services Oil Analysis for thecompartment. Extra oil samples are not requiredfor the particle count sampling.

• Use only coolants that are recommended by Catfor your machine. Follow the recommendedmaintenance procedure for the cooling system inthe Operation and Maintenance Manual for yourmachine.

• Maintain the engine air filters and air intake systemto avoid unwanted contaminant ingression.

• Follow contamination control practices for the shoparea, component/machine disassembly areas,parts, shop tools, test setups, test areas, storageareas and waste collection areas, Keepcomponents clean during inspection, assembly,testing, and filling machines with clean fluids.Good practices will enhance component life andreduce downtime associated with contaminants.Your Cat dealer can provide details on propercontamination processes and practices.

• Follow contamination control practices for theworkplace and for the worksite. Maintaining cleanoil fill fluids saves time and effort and ensures thatfill fluids are at the proper cleanliness levels.

• Use properly designed and maintained bulkstorage fluids tanks.

• Protect the fluids storage tanks from dirt and waterentry by using 4 µm or less absolute efficiencybreathers with the ability to remove water.

• Keep the areas around the tanks filler necks cleanof debris and water.

• Drain the storage tanks from water and sedimentsfrequently. The draining schedule depends on useof proper inlet and outlet filters, the use of 4 µmbreathers with the ability to remove water, andfollowing recommended contamination control


practices. Based on the contamination controlprogram followed, and/or on the fuel supplierrecommendations, the storage tank drainingschedule may be as frequent as daily until nowater is present, and then can be extended tolonger periods.

• Install and maintain a properly designed andgrounded filtration system. Filtration should includeat the entry and at the dispensing point.Continuous bulk filtration may be required toensure that dispensed oils meet the cleanlinesstarget.

• Cover, protect, and ensure cleanliness of allconnection hoses, fittings, and dispensing nozzles.

Note: Bulk fuel filtration units are available throughyour Cat dealer. Proper maintenance practices of thebulk filtration systems are available through your Catdealer.

ContaminationControlRecommendations for FuelsFuels of “ISO 18/16/13” cleanliness level or cleaneras dispensed into the engine or machine fuel tankshould be used. Reduce power loss, failures, andrelated down time of engines will result. Thiscleanliness level is important for new fuel systemdesigns such as Common Rail injection systems andunit injection systems. Injection system designs utilizehigher fuel pressures and tight clearances betweenmoving parts in order to meet required stringentemissions regulations. Peak injection pressures incurrent fuel injection systems may exceed 30,000 psi.Clearances in these systems are less than 5 µm. As aresult, particle contaminants as small as 4 µm cancause scoring and scratching of internal pump andinjector surfaces and of injector nozzles.

Water in the fuel causes cavitation, corrosion of fuelsystem parts, and provides an environment wheremicrobial growth in the fuel can flourish. Othersources of fuel contamination are soaps, gels, orother compounds that may result from undesirablechemical interactions in the fuels, particularly in UltraLow Sulfur Diesel (ULSD). Gels and othercompounds can also form in biodiesel fuel at lowtemperatures or if biodiesel is stored for extendedperiods. The best indication of microbialcontamination, fuel additives, or cold temperature gelis rapid filter plugging of bulk fuel filters or machinefuel filters.

In order to reduce downtime due to contamination,follow these fuel maintenance guidelines. Also, followthe General Contamination ControlRecommendations or Practices given above in thisChapter:

• Use high-quality fuels per recommended andrequired specifications (refer to the Fuel Chapter inthis Special Publication)

• Fill machine fuel tanks with fuels of “ISO 18/16/13”cleanliness level or cleaner, in particular forengines with common rail and unit injectionsystems. When you refuel the machine, filter thefuel through a 4 µm absolute filter (Beta 4 = 75 upto 200) in order to reach the recommendedcleanliness level. This filtration should be locatedat the device that dispenses the fuel to the engineor machine fuel tank. In addition, filtration at thedispensing point should remove water to ensurethat fuel is dispensed at 500 ppm water or less.

• Cat recommends the use of bulk fuel filter /coalescer units which clean the fuel of bothparticulate contamination and water in a singlepass. Cat offers heavy-duty filter / coalescer unitsto accommodate fueling rates from 50 to 300 gpm(gallons per minute).

• Ensure that you use CatAdvanced Efficiency FuelFilters . Change your fuel filters per recommendedservice requirements or as needed.

• Drain your water separators daily per theOperation and Maintenance Manual of yourmachine.

• Drain your fuel tanks of sediment and water perthe Operation and Maintenance Manual of yourmachine or sooner as fuel condition indicates.

• Install and maintain a properly designed bulk filter /coalescer filtration system. Continuous bulkfiltration systems may be required to ensure thatdispensed fuel meets the cleanliness target.Consult your Cat dealer for availability of bulkfiltration products.

• Centrifugal filters may need to be used as a pre-filter with fuel that is severely contaminated withgross amounts of water and/or large particulatecontaminants. Centrifugal filters can effectivelyremove large contaminants, but may not be able toremove the small abrasive particles required toachieve the recommended “ISO” cleanliness level.Bulk filter / coalescers are necessary as a finalfilter in order to achieve the recommendedcleanliness level.

• Install desiccant type breathers of 4 µm or lessabsolute efficiency with the ability to remove wateron bulk storage tanks.

• Follow proper practices of fuel transportation.Filtration from the storage tank to the machinepromotes the delivery of clean fuel to machinetank. Fuel filtration can be installed at eachtransport stage in order to keep the fuel clean.

SEBU9208 33Contamination ControlContamination Control

• Cover, protect, and ensure cleanliness of allconnection hoses, fittings, and dispensing nozzles.

NOTICEIn order to meet expected fuel system component life,4 micron(c) absolute or less secondary fuel filtration isrequired for all Cat diesel engines that are equippedwith common-rail fuel systems. Also, 4 micron(c) ab-solute or less secondary fuel filtration is required forall Cat diesel engines that are equipped with unit in-jected fuel systems. For all other Cat diesel engines(mostly older engines with pump, line and nozzle typefuel systems), the use of 4 micron(c) absolute or lesssecondary fuel filtration is strongly recommended.Note that all current Cat diesel engines are factoryequipped with Cat Advanced Efficiency 4 micron(c)absolute fuel filters.

Consult your local Cat dealer for additionalinformation on Cat designed and produced filtrationproducts.


Reference InformationSection

ReferenceMaterialsi05540796

Reference MaterialSMCS Code: 1054; 108K; 1261; 1263; 1308; 5068;7342

The following publications are available for orderthrough your Caterpillar dealer.

Note: The information that is contained in the listedpublications is subject to change without notice.Consult your local Caterpillar dealer for the mostcurrent recommendations.

Note:Refer to this Special Publication, the respectiveproduct data sheet, and to the appropriate Operationand Maintenance Manual for product applicationrecommendations.

Filters• For general Cat filtration products, refer to the

following website:

https://commerce.cat.com/en/catcorp/filters

• Special Publication, PEWJ0074, “Filters andFluids Application Guide”

• Special Publication, PEHP7046, “FuelContamination Control”

• Special Publication, PECP9067, “One SafeSource”

• Special Publication, SENR9620, “ImprovingComponent Durability - Fuel Systems” (Package of10)

• Special Publication, SEBF1018, “ImprovingComponent Durability - Engines” (Package of 10)

• Special Publication, SEBF1020, “ImprovingComponent Durability - Managing FluidCleanliness” (Package of 10)

• Special Publication, SEBF1015, “ImprovingComponent Durability - Final Drives andDifferentials” (Package of 10)

• Special Publication, SEBF1016, “ImprovingComponent Durability - Powershift Transmissions”(Package of 10)

• Special Publication, SEBF1021, “ImprovingComponent Durability” Boxed set (Includes oneeach of the 7 “Improving Component Durability”series.)

ContaminationControl• Special Publication, PEBJ0002, “Caterpillar Dealer

Contamination Control Compliance Guide”

• Special Publication, PEBJ0007, “CaterpillarCustomer Contamination Control ComplianceGuide”

• Special Publication, PEDP9131, “FluidContamination - The Silent Thief”

• ASTM D6469, “Standard Guide for MicrobialContamination in Fuels and Fuel Systems”

Lubricants, Coolants, and Greases• Data sheets, specifications, and recommendations

for Cat lubricants, coolants, and greases areavailable through your Cat dealer and at thefollowing website:

http://parts.cat.com/parts/machine-fluids

SEBU9208 35Reference Information Section

Reference Material

• Special Publication, PEWJ0074, “Filters andFluids Application Guide”

• Special Publication, PEHJ0149, “Cat Filters andFluids Toolbox Update - Datasheet Set”

• Special Publication, REHS1063, “Know YourTrack-Type Tractor Cooling System”

• Special Publication, SEBD0518, “Know YourCooling System”

• Special Publication, SEBD0970, “Coolant andYour Engine”

• Special Publication, PEGJ0035, “Grease SelectionGuide”

Fuel• Special Publication, PEHP7046, “Fuel

Contamination Control Data Sheet”

• Special Publication, SENR9620, “Improving FuelSystem Durability”

• Special Publication, SEBD0717, “Diesel Fuels andYour Engine”

• “ASTM D6751 Standard Specification forBiodiesel Fuel Blend Stock (B100) for MiddleDistillate Fuels”

• “EN 14214 Automotive fuels - Fatty acid methylesters (FAME) for diesel engines - Requirementsand test methods”

• “ASTM D7467 Standard Specification for DieselFuel Oil, Biodiesel Blend (B6 to B20)”

• “ASTM D975 Standard Specification for DieselFuel Oils” (includes requirements for B5 and lowerbiodiesel blends)

• “EN 590 Automotive fuels - Diesel - Requirementsand test methods” (includes requirements for B5and lower biodiesel blends)

• “EN 14078 Liquid petroleum products -Determination of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) inmiddle distillates - Infrared spectroscopy method”

• “EN 14104 Fat and oil derivatives - Fatty AcidMethyl Esters (FAME) - Determination of AcidValue”

• “ASTM D664 Standard Test Method for AcidNumber of Petroleum Products by PotentiometricTitration”

• “ASTM D6469 Standard Guide for MicrobialContamination in Fuels and Fuel Systems”

• “Facts You Should Know About Renewable Fuels,EMA (Engine Manufacturer Association)”

• “EMATechnical Position on Use of BiodieselPosition Statement, EMA (Engine ManufacturerAssociation)”

http://www.truckandenginemanufacturers.org/articles

36 SEBU9208Reference MaterialsReference Material

S·O·S Services• Special Publication, PEHJ0191, “S·O·S Services

Data Sheet”

• Special Publication, PEHP7052, “Making the Mostof S·O·S Services”

• Special Publication, PEGJ0046, “UnderstandingS·O·S Reports”

• Special Publication, PEGJ0047, “How to Take aGood S·O·S Sample”

• Special Publication, PEGJ0045, “ReportingParticle Count by ISO Code”

• Special Publication, PEDJ0129, “Fuel SamplingGuide”

• Special Publication, PEDP7036, “S·O·S FluidsAnalysis Cornerstone”

• Special Publication, PEHP7076, “UnderstandingS·O·S Service Tests”

Miscellaneous• Special Publication, SEBU5898, “Cold Weather

Recommendations”

• Special Publication, AECQ1043, “CaterpillarProduct Line Brochure”

• Special Publication, NENG2500, “CaterpillarDealer Service Tool Catalog”

• Special Publication, PECJ0003, “Cat ShopSupplies and Tools” catalog

• Special Publication, SENR3130, “TorqueSpecifications”

• Special Publication, SEBF1017, “ImprovingComponent Durability - Component Removal andInstallation” (Package of 10)

• Special Publication, SEBF1019, “ImprovingComponent Durability - Hydraulics” (Package of10)

• Special Publication, SEBD0348, “CaterpillarPerformance Handbook”

Additional ReferenceMaterialSAE J183, “Classification” This document cannormally be found in the SAE handbook.

SAE J313, “Diesel Fuels” This document can befound in the SAE handbook. Also, this publication canbe obtained from your local technological society,from your local library, or from your local college.

SAE J754, “Nomenclature” This document cannormally be found in the SAE handbook.

Engine Manufacturers Association, “ Engine FluidsData Book”

Engine Manufacturers AssociationTwo North LaSalle Street, Suite 2200Chicago, Illinois USA 60602http://www.truckandenginemanufacturers.org/articles

For information on the American Petroleum Institute(API) engine oil categories, contact the API at:

1220 L Street, NWWashington, DC USA 20005-4070http://www.api.org

SEBU9208 37Reference MaterialsReference Material

Index

AAir Filters.......................................................... 19

BBreathers......................................................... 15Bulk Filtration................................................... 16

CCab Air Filters .................................................. 25Cab Pressure Monitor.................................. 27Cabin Air Filter Options................................ 26Cabin Air Filter Servicing ............................. 26Cabin Air Precleaners.................................. 27

Cat Filters .......................................................... 6ContaminationControl..................................... 30Cleanliness Standards for Machine Systems................................................................... 31

ContaminationControl Recommendations forFuels .......................................................... 33Defining Contamination................................ 30General ContaminationControlRecommendations or Practices................. 32Measuring Cleanliness ................................ 30

Coolant Filters.................................................. 14

DDiesel Exhaust Fluid Filters ............................. 15

EEngine Air Filters ............................................. 19Air Filter Components .................................. 20Air Filter Selection Criteria ........................... 20

Engine Oil Filters ............................................. 12

FFilter Performance............................................. 9Absolute Rating............................................ 10Filter Bypass .................................................11Filter Capacity .............................................. 10Filter Rating.................................................... 9Filter Testing and Validation ..........................11

Fluid Filter Components..................................... 8

End Caps ....................................................... 9Filter Housing................................................. 8Filter Inner Support ........................................ 9Filter Media .................................................... 8

Fluid Filter Maintenance .................................. 18Fluid Filters ........................................................ 7Foreword............................................................ 4Fluids/Filters Recommendation ..................... 4

Fuel Filter (Water Separators) ......................... 14Fuel Filters....................................................... 13Priming Pumps............................................. 14

GGas Engine Filters ........................................... 28General Filter Information.................................. 5General Information........................................... 5General Information (Air Filters) ...................... 19General Information (Fluid Filters)..................... 7General Information (Gas Engine Filters)........ 28Guidance for Use of Cat Filters on OtherOEM Engines................................................. 29

HHandling and Storage...................................... 18Filter Disposal .............................................. 18

Hydraulic Oil Filters.......................................... 12

IImportant Safety Information ............................. 2

MMaintenance Section......................................... 5Management and Cleaning of Engine AirFilters ............................................................. 24Cleaning Primary Air Filter Elements ........... 25

OOil Filtration Carts ............................................ 16

PParticle Removal in Fluid Filters ........................ 9Powertrain Oil Filters ....................................... 13

38 SEBU9208Index Section

RReference Information Section........................ 35ReferenceMaterial .......................................... 35Additional ReferenceMaterial...................... 37ContaminationControl ................................. 35Filters ........................................................... 35Fuel .............................................................. 36Lubricants, Coolants, and Greases.............. 35Miscellaneous.............................................. 37S·O·S Services ............................................ 37

ReferenceMaterials ........................................ 35

SServicing Engine Air Filters.............................. 23

TTable of Contents............................................... 3

UUse of Cat Filters on Other OEM Engines....... 29

SEBU9208 39Index Section

40 SEBU9208Index Section

Product and Dealer InformationNote: Forproduct identification plate locations, see the section “Product IdentificationInformation” in the Operation and Maintenance Manual.

Delivery Date:

Product InformationModel:

Product Identification Number:

Engine Serial Number:

TransmissionSerial Number:

Generator Serial Number:

Attachment Serial Numbers:

Attachment Information:

Customer Equipment Number:

Dealer EquipmentNumber:

Dealer InformationName: Branch:

Address:

DealerContact

PhoneNumber

Hours

Sales:

Parts:

Service:

©2013 CaterpillarAll Rights Reserved

CAT, CATERPILLAR, their respective logos, “Caterpillar Yellow”, and the POWER EDGE tradedress as well as corporate and product identity used herein, are trademarks of Caterpillar andmay not be used without permission.

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