catalogue of the papers of p. p. howell

Catalogue of the papers of P. P. Howell

Date range of material: 1925-1987

Durham University LibraryNovember 2016

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ContentsPreface ................................................................................................................ 1

Introduction .......................................................................................................... 2

Catalogue of material:

1. Papers relating to tribes of the Sudan.........................................................4(a) Nuer.......................................................................................................................5

(i) The defence of Duk Faiwil....................................................................................5(ii) General tribal matters.........................................................................................6(iii) Veterinary work among the Nuer........................................................................?

(b) Dinka......................................................................................................................?Sub-file A........................................................................................................13Sub File B Northern Dinka..............................................................................14Sub File C Dunjol Dinka..................................................................................14Sub File D Rueng and Gnok Dinka.................................................................14Sub File E Bor Dinka........................................................................................?Sub File F Yirol Dinka.......................................................................................?Sub File G Malwal Dinka.................................................................................15

(c) Baqqarah..............................................................................................................18(d) Shilluk...................................................................................................................20(e) General tribal material..........................................................................................24

2. Papers relating to Howell's career in the Sudan Political Service and theSudan Defence Force....................................................................................26

3. Papers relating to the Jonglei Investigation Team and Southern DevelopmentInvestigation Team.........................................................................................30

4. Papers relating to the Jonglei Canal and Nile Waters................................38

5. Papers relating to human rights and charity organisations working in theSudan............................................................................................................46

6. General papers relating to Sudan and wider Africa...................................50

7. Academic and Research Papers...............................................................51Papers relating to Howell's own studies at undergraduate and doctoral level...........51

8. Papers concerning Publications.................................................................57(a) Papers relating to the publication The Jonglei Canal: impact and opportunity, editedby P.P. Howell, M. Lock and S. Cobb, and the preceeding Royal Geographical SocietySymposium, The Impact of the Jonglei Canal in the Sudan (5 October 1982) from whichthe book originated....................................................................................................57(b) Papers relating to a conference on Nile Waters convened by Howell, the RoyalGeographical Society and the School of Oriental and African Studies, University ofLondon, (2-3 May 1990). These papers also relate to the subsequent publication TheNile: sharing a scarce resource, edited by P. P. Howell and J. A. Allan, which cameabout as a direct result of the conference..................................................................62(c) Papers relating to a proposed history of the Sudan Political Service, drawing uponthe memoirs of former members of the SPS (later published as Set Under Authority,by K.D.D. Henderson):...............................................................................................65

9. General correspondence...........................................................................68

10. Memoirs...................................................................................................74

11. Miscellanea..............................................................................................76

12. Photographic Material..............................................................................78Negatives.................................................................................................................110

13. Maps and Plans.....................................................................................111

14. Newspaper Cuttings..............................................................................113

15. Printed Material.....................................................................................114(b) In Library............................................................................................................114

Preface

Creation of catalogueWP list JRH August 1993. SGML RIH January 1998. Additional material by K. McKie, 2012.

Contact detailsDurham University Library: Archives and Special CollectionsPalace GreenDurhamDH1 3RNEnglandTelephone: 0191 334 2972Email: [email protected]: http://www.dur.ac.uk/library/asc/ark:/32150/s1xk81jk422

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Howell, Paul Philip

Introduction

Collection title: Howell, Paul PhilipReference code: GB-0033-SADDates of creation: 1925-1987Extent: 16 boxesRepository: Durham University Library, Archives and Special CollectionsCreator: material relating to service in the SudanLanguage of material: English

Paul Philip HOWELL(1917-1994 )

A.D.C. Khartoum North1938-1939Asst. D.A.C.S. (Pers.), Civil Secretary's Office1939-1940Aide de Camp and Assistant Private Secretary to theGovernor-General

1940-1941

Governor-General's temporary commission as Bimbashi, S.D.F.1940-1941Seconded to O.E.T.A. (Eritrea)1941A.D.C./D.C. Zeraf and Central Nuer Districts, Upper Nile Province1941-1946D.C. En Nahud, Kordofan1946-1948Chairman Jonglei Investigation Team1948-1953Chairman Southern Development Investigation Team (rank and statusof Deputy Governor)

1953-1955

Retired from Sudan Political Service1955AbbreviationsJ.I.T. Jonglei Investigation TeamS.D.I.T. Southern Development Investigation TeamS.I.R. Sudan Intelligence ReportS.N.R.Sudan Notes and RecordsU.N.P. Upper Nile Province

Arrangement1. Tribes of the Sudan(a) Nuer(i) The defence of Duk Faiwil(ii) General tribal matters(iii) Veterinary work among the Nuer(b) Dinka(c) Baqqarah(d) Shilluk(e) General tribal material2. Sudan Political Service and Sudan Defence Force3. Jonglei Investigation Team and Southern Development Investigation Team4. Jonglei Canal and Nile Waters5. Human rights and charity organisations working in the Sudan6. General Sudan and wider Africa7. Academic and Research Papers8. Papers concerning publications9. General correspondence10. Memoirs

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Howell, Paul Philip

11. Miscellanea12. Photographic Material13. Maps and plans14. Newspaper cuttings15. Printed Material(a) In Archive(b) In LibraryHowell had organised his papers into 'tribal' files rather than into a chronological arrangementand it seemed best to retain this where possible.The tribal papers are divided into four tribalgroupings, Nuer (from Howell's service in Upper Nile Province); Dinka (much of it relatedto the Ngok Dinka of Kordofan Province but including also papers from Upper Nile Provinceand Equatoria); the Baqqarah (again, from Kordofan); and the Shilluk. Other official papersfollow the order of his career in the Sudan.

Form of citationMaterial in the Sudan Archive is given a reference number, which is unique across thecollections of papers. Usually it is not necessary to give the name of the person ororganisation within which collection the item is found, although it may be convenient to doso.The short form of citation should be GB-0033-SAD reference numberMost printed references take the form: SAD reference number.To order items in the searchroom, use the collection reference code(s), derived by removingthe repository code (GB-0033-), followed by the reference number. Citing the section of thefinding aid is useful.

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1. Papers relating to tribes of the Sudan

4

Howell, Paul Philip

(a) Nuer

(i) The defence of Duk FaiwilNote by Howell on “The defence of Duk Faweil”, probably part of anunpublished article (ts. with ms. footnotes and draft) and including acontemporary account of the defence of the government post at DukFaiwil in 1928 by Sgt. Maj. Kalam Sakit, as recorded by H.G.Wedderburn-Maxwell1925 Dec 25SAD.764/10/29-30Account of the settlement of the Ol Dinka-Gaweir Nuer boundarydispute at a meeting attended by District Commissioners Dinka-Nuerdistrict, Mongalla Province and Southern district, Upper Nile Provinceand chiefs Dwal Diu of the Gaweir Nuer and Mankweir Mahbub of theOl Dinka1928 Feb 21SAD.764/10/31-32Account by [H.G. Wedderburn-Maxwell] of a meeting with Kurbiel Walat Fasheir where he had assembled some 200 followers with the intentof attacking the Dinka of Duk Faiwil1928 Aug 22SAD.764/10/33Extract from private letter from P. Coriat to A.H. Alban re involvementin the Nuer raids and the need for government action[1928] Aug 26SAD.764/10/34-35Telegram from Stevens to H.G. Wedderburn-Maxwell re the identityof the ex-police askari who shot the policeman at Duk Faiwil1928 Sep 6 - Oct 27SAD.764/10/36-39Letters from H.G. Wedderburn-Maxwell to the Governor U.N.P. recasualties among the Nuer during the raid on Duk Faiwil1928 Sep 16SAD.764/10/40-43Note by H.G. Wedderburn-Maxwell on the Duk Faiwil affair, Aug 19281928 Sep 17SAD.764/10/44Letter from the Acting Civil Secretary to the Governor, U.N.P. on thedefence of Duk Faiwil1928 Oct 11SAD.764/10/45-52Report by H.G. Wedderburn-Maxwell on the attack by Nuer on DukFaiwil, Aug 1928 (Ms.. with rough sketch)1928 Oct 11 - 21SAD.764/11/1-7Copy telegrams from H.G. Wedderburn-Maxwell to the GovernorU.N.P. concerning events at Duk Faiwil, difficulties of travel andcommunications, recommendations for decorations for service duringthe defence of Duk Faiwil and progress on his information-gatheringtour north towards Awoi1928 Oct 27 - Nov 1SAD.764/11/8-20Letters from H.G. Wedderburn-Maxwell, A.D.C. Fangak and J.W.G.Wyld, A.D.C. Bor and Duk, to the Governor U.N.P. [C.A. Willis]concerning an information gathering tour after the attack on Duk Faiwil,travelling as far as Tithbel on the Zeraf river (SAD.764/11/8-11), the

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consequences for the Dinka of the Nuer raids (SAD.764/11/12-15),steps to be taken by the government to punish the Gaweir Nuer(SAD.764/11/16) and identification of those sections of the GaweirNuer which took part in the attack (SAD.764/11/17-20)1929 Dec 9SAD.764/11/21Memorandum by C.A. Willis on Chief Koryom Wang's claim forcompensation as a result of the Gaweir Nuer raidsStatements by Nia Nial, Bang Wel and Niach Kang concerning thekilling of Chan Deng in the Camp of Dwal Diu

SAD.764/11/22-25

1930 Feb 3Statement of Dwal Diu concerning the events of 1927-1928 (first pageonly)1930 Feb 10 - Mar 25SAD.764/11/27-30Correspondence from P. Coriat, A.D.C. Western Nuer and J.W.G.Wyld, A.D.C. Bor and Duk to C.A. Willis, Governor U.N.P., with replyto Wyld, concerning Dwal Diu's statement1930 Apr 18SAD.764/11/31-33Statement of Jok Achinpiu, a Dinka who accompanied the raiders toDuk Faiwil, with covering letter from J.W.G. Wyld to the Governor1932 Jan 6 - Feb 12SAD.764/11/34-37Letters between H.G. Wedderburn-Maxwell and E.G. Coryton, DeputyGovernor U.N.P. on the exile of Dwal Diu

(ii) General tribal matters1899-1910Extracts from Sudan Intelligence Reports concerning the Nuer ofUpper Nile Province:

1899SAD.764/12/1Extract from Appendix E. Diary of Kaim. Sparkes Bey of patrolfrom Fashoda up the Bahr al-Zeraf in the Hafir, 10 Mar - 12 Apr18991902 OctSAD.764/12/2-3Sudan Intelligence Report [S.I.R.] no 99, with appendix Bconcerning contact with Nuer Shaikh Diu on the Bahr al-Zeraf1903 MaySAD.764/12/4-10S.I.R. no 106 concerning information received from Nuer ShaikhTei Wad Tif [ sic ] of the Bahr al-Zeraf Nuer District, with appendixB - Notes on Nuer Districts of Bahr al-Zeraf and their shaykhs1903 DecSAD.764/12/11S.I.R. no 113 concerning a visit by Toi Wad Thiep [ sic ], shaykhof the Thiang section of the Nuer, to Khartoum1904 AprSAD.764/12/12S.I.R. no 117 concerning a visit by Shaikh Nyal of the GaweirNuer to Khartoum1904 JunSAD.764/12/13-14S.I.R. no 119, appendix C - “Note on the Nuer question” byMiralai Mathews Bey, mudir Upper Nile Province, 23 Jun 1904

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1905 DecSAD.764/12/15S.I.R. no 137 concerning a visit by Nuer Chief, Toi Wad Thiepto Governor U.N.P. at Kodok1906 MaySAD.764/12/16S.I.R. no 142 concerning a Nuer raid on Kabbash1907 MarSAD.764/12/17-19S.I.R. no 152 - report by G.E. Mathews of a journey with K.C.P.Struvé, Inspector Zeraf Valley, to visit the Nuer chief Diu1907 AprSAD.764/12/20-23S.I.R. no 153 - Report on the Rueng Dinka1907 MaySAD.764/12/24S.I.R. no 154 concerning a tour by Inspector Zeraf Valley [K.C.P.Struvé through the country of the Gaweir and Thiang Nuer1909 Mar 2SAD.764/12/25-27Appendix 'C' - Report on administrative boundaries between theTwi Dinka and Nuer (Mongalla and U.N.P.) by K.C.P. StruvéInspector Zeraf Valley1909 JunSAD.764/12/28S.I.R. no 179 re the decision to reverse the decision to removeChief Machar Diu of the Gaweir Nuer1910 FebSAD.764/12/29-30S.I.R. no 187 re the despatch of an administrative patrol to theNuer District of Thiang, with account of recent action taken withregard to the five principal sections of the Nuer tribe1910 Mar - MaySAD.764/12/31-32S.I.R. nos 188 and 190. Report by K.C.P. Struvé on the recentadministrative patrol in the Lak District, Zeraf Valley

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Howell, Paul Philip

1926 Jul 9SAD.764/13/1-14Note by P. Coriat, A.D.C. Lau, on the transfer of Barr Gaweir to ZerafValley District, including a description of Gaweir administration between1923 and 1926 (ts copy)1932-1945SAD.764/13/15-17Miscellaneous invoices1942 Dec 21 - 1945 Feb 2SAD.767/1/1-77Official correspondence from Howell's service in U.N.P., includingB.A. Lewis, D.C. Akobo with advice on Nuer administration and theneed to develop agriculture and education, enclosing note on Nuertribal functionaries with comments on the value of E. Evans-Pritchard'santhropological work among the Nuer (SAD.767/1/1-4); Howell toLewis concerning difficulties experienced in hearing murder casesand arrangements for the D.C.s' meeting (SAD.767/1/5); Howell tothe Governor, C.G. Davies on progress with murder courts and theconstruction of a landing-ground and well at Wau (SAD.767/1/6); Lewisin reply to SAD.767/1/5 above on a replacement for Chief Puot Thiep,description of the rite of rodh and Howell's appointment as secretaryof the Nuer D.C.s' meeting (SAD.767/1/7-9); D. Newbold, CivilSecretary concerning the need to exploit U.N.P. for timber(SAD.767/1/10); Lewis regarding work on their joint note on Nuerfunctionaries and his research into the Ruic the political leader of theNuer (SAD.767/1/11-12); Howell to J. Wilson concerning WesternNuer views on sentencing (SAD.767/1/13); C.G. Davies, Governor reprogress with the landing ground (SAD.767/1/14,39-40); W. McBain,Conservator of Forests, regarding work on clearing timber(SAD.767/1/19); C.F. Bertram, C.M.S. Juaibor on his determinationto prevent the introduction of gambling (SAD.767/1/21); Lewisregarding the slow development of administration among the Murle,the history of the Nuer Ruic (SAD.767/1/22-24); Newbold regardinghis views on building up the Nuer tribe as a buffer between the Muslimnorth and Equatoria, the disappointing standard of education providedby the American Mission and the need to tackle the issue of southerneducation (SAD.767/1/25); Howell to [Davies?] on the developmentof an agricultural demonstration plot at Fangak, the shortage of grainand an increase in the number of murders at Fangak(SAD.767/1/27-28); Howell to Lewis regarding the construction ofpolice posts at each court centre and information from the Thiang onmut bar (SAD.767/1/31-32); Howell at Fayat re road traces(SAD.767/1/33); notes by Howell on the subject of ruic, for discussionwith Lewis (SAD.761/1/34-35,41); Lewis to Howell on investigationsinto killings in Zeraf district, famine among the Lau, staff shortage inAkobo district and the progress of court work in Zeraf district(SAD.767/1/37-38); Lewis to Howell concerning famine relief measures(SAD.767/1/45); D. MacGillivray on his leave in Kenya(SAD.767/1/55-58); P. Young concerning the financial difficulties whichwould face an independent southern Sudan (SAD.767/1/61); M.E.C.Pumphrey regarding Howell's views on hanging as an appropriatepunishment for murder among the Nuer and the consequences of

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introducing education to the Nuer (SAD.767/1/62-65); Dr. Mary Bertramon charges made to patients for medical treatment and cooperationin treating venereal diseases (SAD.767/1/66); Howell and A.J. Arkellre the former's article on “Elephant hunting among the Nuer” for Sudannotes & records (#SAD.767/1/72-77)1942SAD.767/2/1-3Notes on Gaweir cases concerning grazing rights and divorce[1943]SAD.68/4/1-36Rough manuscript notes made by Howell on the Nuer during his timeas A.D.C. Zeraf District, Upper Nile Province. Includes: note on thefunctions of the Nuer kwar (SAD.68/4/1); list of chiefs and police ofthe Bar Gaweir (SAD.68/4/2); chart showing the lineages and sectionsof the Gawaar Nuer (SAD.68/4/3); chart showing the lineages of theRadh Gawaar Nuer (SAD.68/4/4); notes on a conversation with MayomLwac on the origins of the Lou and Thiang Nuer and the story of DengLikea (SAD.68/4/5-10); note on the benefit of appointing a head chiefto each Nuer sub-group (SAD.68/4/11); report on the performance ofthe various court clerks appointed [in Central Nuer District](SAD.68/4/12-13); note on the Gaweir Nuer and the story of Waar(SAD.68/4/14); list of court chiefs [in Central Nuer District](SAD.68/4/15-16); list of chiefs and police of the Thiang Bang Nuer(SAD.68/4/18); phonetic romanisation of a Thiang Bang Nuer song(SAD.68/4/19); note on the subject of the Nuer ruic with a historicallist of the Nuer ruic (SAD.68/4/20-23); notes on Nuer magic and Dinkamythology (SAD.68/4/24); notes on Nuer rodh (SAD.68/4/25); noteson Evans-Pritchard on the Nuer chief Kwar Muon and his functionsconcerning homicide (SAD.68/4/26-28); note on a conversation withDeng Kong on the subject of the kwar kwac (SAD.68/4/29-30); noteson thung (homicide) referring to the Diet family case (SAD 68/4/31);notes on Nuer magical beliefs (SAD.68/4/32); notes on two maritalcourt cases (SAD.68/4/35)[1940s-50s]SAD.68/5/1-23Manuscript and typescript notes, mostly by Howell, on various topicsrelating to the Nuer. Includes: notes on the story of Deng Laka ,prophet of the divinity Diu (SAD.68/5/1-5); ms. and ts. notes on earlyNuer history including the crossing of the Zeraf river by the Gaweirand the life of Deng Laka (SAD.68/5/6-12; ms. note (with ts. transcript)on Cany Reth, or [Farajalla Bulakamin], of the Radh section of Gaweir(SAD.68/5/13-14); table showing the different Nuer sections and tribes(SAD.68/5/15); note on marriage among the Nuer written in responseto a review of E.E. Evans-Pritchard's Kinship and marriage amongthe Nuer by L. Mair (SAD.68/5/16-21); ts. note on “The tentativeage-set system among the Jikany Nuer”, by Gabriel Jal(SAD.68/5/22-23)1943SAD.767/2/4-17Case notes by Howell for the trial of Gac Mier for murder, includinglist of court officials and witnesses, note of points put to the court andstatements of the accused and witnesses

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1943 FebSAD.767/2/18-30Draft minutes by Howell of Nuer District Commissioners' meeting, 1-5Feb 1943[1943]SAD.767/2/31Notes by Howell on Nuer District Commissioners' meeting1945 Jan 1SAD.767/2/32-40Note by D.C. Western Nuer District [H.G. Wedderburn-Maxwell] onthe history of administration of the Dok and Aak Nuer and theirrelations with neighbouring Dinka tribes1945SAD.767/2/41-54Minutes of Nuer District Commissioners' and Chiefs' meeting, 1-5 Jul1945 by F.D. Kingdon, Chairman, with memorandum on Nuer lawsand customary payments, discussed by the chiefs (pp 3-4 missing)1945 Jul 16SAD.767/2/55-57Note by D.C. Western Nuer District [H.G. Wedderburn-Maxwell] onthe administration of the Jagei Nuer since the 1920s1945SAD.767/2/58-59Note on Luic magic including details of Luic sentences imposed 6 Sep1945[1945]SAD.767/2/60-64Notes by Howell on adultery and divorce among the Nuer1946 Aug 19SAD.767/2/65-67Notes on a divorce case (Jagei)Note on the leadership and sections of the Jagei Nuer, with list oftaxpayers

SAD.767/2/68-71

1946Handing-over notes on Central Nuer District by Howell incorporatinghis views on the recommendations of the Sudan AdministrationConference (SAD.767/3/2-3) and including both ms. and ts. notes ontribal histories - Gaweir Nuer (SAD.767/3/27-31), Lak Nuer(SAD.767/3/33-35), Thiang Nuer (SAD.767/3/36-37), Dinka(SAD.767/3/38-40) and Lau Nuer (SAD.767/3/41); Fangak stationtown planning, buildings, etc. (SAD.767/3/42-47), communicationsincluding sketch map showing road system in relation to permanentsettlements of Nuer and Dinka in Central Nuer District(SAD.767/3/48-54); bull transport (SAD.767/3/55); the amalgamation

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of Zeraf and Lau (SAD.767/3/56-58); education (SAD.767/3/59-60);building - court centres and resthouses (SAD.767/3/61)1946-1949SAD.767/4/1-31Western Nuer case notes (Aak, Adok, Nyuong, Ador) covering adultery,divorce, bridewealth, homicide, theft, seduction, ghost marriage,inheritance and witchcraftJikany, Leik and Bul case notes by Howell covering female marriage,divorce, adultery, homicide, seduction, friendship, accidental killing,exchange of cattle between friends and theft

SAD.767/4/32-46

Nuer tribal notes by Howell including notes regarding rights of custodyto children, bride-wealth law and the law of inheritance, public andprivate delicts, sanctions and rules of conduct, werewolves,ceremonies and payments connected with twins, seduction, illegalmarriage, marriage and the supernatural and genealogies1947 Jul 12SAD.767/6/1-8Minutes of the Nuer District Commissioners' and Chiefs' meeting heldat Ulang, 1-4 Jul 1947, by F.D. Kingdon, Chairman and GovernorU.N.P.Note on oaths and false accusationSAD.767/6/91948 Jul 17Letter from J.S.R. Duncan, D.C. Fangak to Howell concerning Nuercustoms1949 Mar 14 - Jun 8SAD.767/6/13-18Official correspondence including Howell to E.E. Evans-Pritchard rechanges in legislation regarding Nuer adultery, observations on kinshipand marriage and lack of support for anthropological work(SAD.767/6/14-15); to the Governor U.N.P. regarding study leave tocomplete his doctoral thesis (SAD.767/6/16,18); to (?) on the surveyof the Malakal-Melut reach (SAD.767/6/17)1949 Apr 28SAD.767/6/19-20Memorandum by Howell for the Secretary, Nuer DistrictCommissioners' meeting on his objections to legislation passed onthe subject of ruok cattle for adultery1949 Apr 27SAD.767/6/21-24Minutes of the Nuer District Commissioners' and Chiefs' meeting heldat Bentiu 20-23 Apr 1949, by F.D. Corfield, Chairman1949 May 4-11SAD.767/6/25-28Correspondence between Howell and J.S.R. Duncan, Secretary NuerDistrict Commissioners' meeting concerning the issue of adulteryamong the Nuer as a criminal offence[c. 1949]SAD.767/6/29-38Introduction to a manual covering the legal situations dealt with byNuer courts, based on Howell's experiences in Central Nuer DistrictNote on the origins of the Nyuong and the establishment of governmentadministration from the early 1920's

SAD.767/6/39-41

Note on the distribution of bride cattle among bride's family, Lak Nuer11

Howell, Paul Philip

tribeNote of Western Nuer marriage paymentsSAD.767/6/46Copy of note by H.A. Romilly in the Jikany file on compensation to bepaid when ungarred boys are killedNote by Howell on causes of fighting among NuerSAD.767/6/48

[ca.1945 - 1950]SAD.767/7/1-8Note by Howell on veterinary assistance for the Nuer, written incontinuation and explanation of resolutions and recommendations inthe minutes of the Nuer District Commissioners' meeting of 1 July1945, with comments on these observations written five years later,ca.19501945 Apr 2SAD.767/7/9-10Note by Capt. A. Forbes, D.C. Jur River District on the necessity ofadopting a proper veterinary policy for Equatoria, submitted to theDinka D.C.s' meeting1948 Jun 14 - Oct 18SAD.767/7/11-14Note by J.K. Thomson, Veterinary Inspector, U.N.P. for the Director,Veterinary Service on “recent addition to our knowledge of Upper Nilecattle”, with letter of appreciation (unsigned)Draft commentary on cattle increase and the policy to substitute cashfor cattle in marriage transactions, submitted by Howell to theGovernor, U.N.P.

SAD.767/7/15-18

Note by Howell on the slaughter of oxen and distribution of meatamong the NuerNotes on Nilotic cattle culture, including extracts from lettersSAD.767/7/20-231931-1949Dinka, general information file, vol 1, compiled by Howell during serviceamong the Ngok Dinka, Kordofan and comprising copies and extractsfrom district files, Bahr al-Ghazal/Equatoria and Upper Nile Provinces:

List of contents fileSAD.767/8/1-4Notes on Dinka social structure and laws from Tonj file 66A andincluding extracts from handing-over notes, reports, handbooksand memoranda on changes to more settled conditions, evidence

SAD.767/8/5-45

and the use of ordeals, arueth, divorce, adultery, seduction,exchange of cattle, initiation ceremonies, blood money, bullstabbing, magic roots, arwet, ownership of cattle within the Goland court warrantsExtracts from chiefs' meeting at Goerial, 1944 covering divorce,adultery, illegitimate children, aruok, time limit for claims for pukand use of money for payment of compensation

SAD.767/8/46-49

Extracts from Lakes District handbook by A.E.D. Penn and E.H.Nightingale, covering geography, tribal notes with list of sections,manner of life, grazing, the clan system, rain makers and other

SAD.767/8/50-67

functionaries, chiefs, sub-chiefs and Gol leaders, courts, landtenure and death of a wife in early marriageNgork statistics and casesSAD.767/9/1-3

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1938 Sep 7 - Oct 3SAD.767/9/5-11,14 Note by A.E.D. Penn, D.C. Lakes on thiep, the customary mode

of swearing among the Agar with covering letter to GovernorEquatoria and resumé by W.F. Cottrell, A.D.C. Lakes District ofa case in which the chiefs' court asked that their customarymethod thiep be resorted to1938 Oct 12SAD.767/9/12-13Letters from D.W. Cowie, A/Government Analyst to GovernorEquatoria and Botanist, Botany and Plant Pathology section toCowie re the identification of seeds referred to in 767/9/9-11above1941 Dec 2SAD.767/9/15-17Note by J.E.C. Mackrell, Rumbek District, on the Dinka oath onashes1907 Mar 13SAD.767/9/18-32Note by Major H. O'Sullivan, Senior Inspector, Upper NileProvince on Dinka customs and law1935-39SAD.767/9/33-54Extracts from Yirol appeal case books1931-47SAD.767/9/56-87Extracts from reports of cases heard at Chiefs' meetings atRumbek, Tonj, Gogrial, Aweil, Lolnhom, Wan Alel and Getti1948 Nov 6 - 1949 May 12SAD.767/9/88-96Correspondence between F.D. Corfield, Governor U.N.P., T.P.Creed Legal Secretary, D. Colder A.D.C Renk and J.W.Robertson, Civil Secretary on the ritual smothering of Chief RunDeng, Beng de Nhial of the Paloic Dinka1943 JulSAD.767/9/97Note by J.H.T. Wilson on Arab trading in Western Nuer1949 Jun 10 - Aug 5SAD.767/9/98-100Letter from Howell to Godfrey Lienhardt, with reply, concerninghis research into systems of law among pastoral peoples of thesouthern Sudan

[ca. 1904 - 1933]SAD.767/10/1-156Dinka, general information file, vol 2 comprising notes and referencesof historical and tribal interest:

Contents (incomplete)SAD.767/10/1-3ForewordSAD.767/10/4BibliographySAD.767/10/5-6

Sub-file A

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Chronological note of events in Upper Nile Province, extracted fromSudan Intelligence Reports 1898 - 1932

SAD.767/10/8-29

Index to notes and reports in Sudan Intelligence Reports of historicaland tribal interestSummary of chs 4 and 5 of C.G. Seligman's Pagan tribes of the NiloticSudan (London, 1932)

SAD.767/10/33-39

“A Dinka witch doctor” by Rev. W. Mills [see Sudan notes and records2, 1919]

Sub File B Northern Dinka1923 Mar 2SAD.767/10/44-54Memorandum on the tribe of Northern Dinka, by R.C. Mayall A.D.C.1926SAD.767/10/55Memorandum by C.B. Tracey A.D.C. Renk, on Northern Dinka tribalcustoms and characteristics1931 Jan 12SAD.767/10/56-57Note by John Beavan, A.D.C. Renk on the Northern Dinka of RenkDistrict1899 Jan 22SAD.767/10/58-60Table by Kaim. W.H. Jackson showing the division of the Dinka tribefor the purpose of administration, with appended note on history,habits, country, etc.

Sub File C Dunjol Dinka1931 Oct 31SAD.767/10/62-65Note by T.A. Maclagan A.D.C. Kodok, on Dunjol Dinka

Sub File D Rueng and Gnok Dinka1904SAD.767/10/67-69Note by H.H. Wilson, Inspector Sobat, on Gnok and Rueng DinkaHanding-over note on the Rueng Dinka (author unknown)SAD.767/10/70-921930SAD.767/10/94-102Notes by J.W.G. Wyld, A.D.C. Bor on the Bor Dinka, tribes and theirboundaries, events leading up to Nuer settlement, tribal way of lifeand beliefs and Dinka monthsNote by J.W.G. Wyld on the nature of cases heard by chiefs' courts,penalties inflicted, etc.

SAD.767/10/103-104

1931 Dec 24Letter from R. Johnston, D.C. Bor and Duk, to Governor Upper NileProvince on proceedings of chiefs' courts1933SAD.767/10/107-110Notes by R. Johnston on Dinka religious and spiritual beliefsReport on Dinka character and customsSAD.767/10/111-117

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1925-27SAD.767/10/119-128Notes by Capt. H.F. Kidd on the Atwot and Shish Dinka of Yirol District1930 Aug 24SAD.767/10/129-131Note by G.K.P. Hebbert, A.D.C. Yirol, on the Dinka of Yirol District.Another version of Yirol District historyNote by G.K.P. Hebbert on the distribution of people and general tribalorganisation of the Dinka of Yirol District

SAD.767/10/132-134

1932 Dec 23Note by G.M. Hancock, D.C. Yirol District, on tribal structure in YirolNote by G.K.P. Hebbert on the Dinka marriage bull or bull of singingSAD.767/10/137-138List of Dinka tribes and sub-tribes of Yirol District

Sub File G Malwal Dinka

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Notes [by Capt. J.N. Stubbs] on some religious beliefs and customsamongst the Malwal Dinka [see Sudan notes and records 17, part 2,1934]

SAD.767/10/142-149

Replies by H.A. Nicholson, D.C. Northern District, to a questionnairefrom Professor C.G. Seligman on Dinka customs regarding kings andrain-makers1935 Feb 13 - 1939 Feb 2SAD.767/11/1-32Official correspondence, Upper Nile Province and Equatoria concerningDinka customs and practices including G.M. Hancock, D.C. Yirol andM.W. Parr, Governor, Upper Nile Province on the payment of aruok(SAD.767/11/2-4); Hancock regarding divorce among the Dinka(SAD.767/11/5); Hancock to Governor U.N.P. concerning an ordealused in an adultery case (SAD.767/11/6), with reply from E.G. Coryton,Deputy Governor (SAD.767/11/7); extract from a minute by E.G.Coryton on indigenous foundations (SAD.767/11/9); C.W. Beer, A.D.C.Rumbek to Governor Equatoria regrading the Dinka custom of bullspearing (SAD.767/11/10,26-27); M.G. Richards, D.C. Tonj Districtto M.W. Parr, Governor Equatoria on the decision of chiefs in Gogrialsub-district to abolish arwet (marriage payment) (SAD.767/11/11),with reply (SAD.767/11/13); A.E.D. Penn, D.C. Yirol to GovernorEquatoria concerning the cattle standard amongst the Dinka(SAD.767/11/12,19), with M.W. Parr's reply (SAD.767/11/17-18); D.Hawkesworth, D.C. Tonj District to Governor Equatoria on Dinka tribalorganisation (SAD.767/11/14-16), with M.W. Parr's reply(SAD.767/11/21-22); D. Hawkesworth to Governor Equatoria and J.M.Stubbs, D.C. Aweil to D.C. Tonj concerning the proposed abolition ofarwok in Gogrial area (SAD.767/11/20,23-24); B.V. Marwood, D.C.Bor to Governor Equatoria on the replacement of cattle currency bymoney standard (SAD.767/11/25); C.W. Beer, A.D.C. Rumbek, toD.C. Amadi re Dinka/Jur relations (SAD.767/11/28); A.E.D. Penn toGovernor Equatoria concerning the custom of arwok(SAD.767/11/30-32)1935 Jun 27SAD.767/11/33-34List of old Dinka proverbs and sayings compiled by G.M. Hancock,D.C. Yirol1937 Nov 22SAD.767/11/35-42Note by A.E.D. Penn, D.C. Yirol on Dinka tribal organisation1938 Aug 18 - Nov 17SAD.767/11/43-54Article by Ibrahim Efendi Bedri entitled “Aiwel Dit - Notes on Dinkareligious beliefs in their hereditary chiefs and rain makers” [see Sudannotes and records 22 pt 1, 1939], with covering letters from A.E.D.Penn, D.C. Lakes and M.W. Parr, Governor Equatoria and note ofacceptance from T.R.H. OwenNotes on the custom of arwok [Dinka with English translation]SAD.768/1/1-21945 Mar 13Report by J.W. Seamer, A.D.C. Western Kordofan for the Governoron an attempted coup d'état against Deng Majok, Paramount chief of

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the Ngork Dinka, by the Abyor section of the tribe1947 Jan 25SAD.768/1/10-13First impression of Abyei Post by Howell, D.C. Baqqarah1947 Feb 20SAD.768/1/14-15Note by Howell on fights among the Ngork Dinka in December 19461947 Mar 25 - Jul 8SAD.768/1/16-18Letters to Howell from J.F. Cumming, D.C. Bor, F.D. McJannet, D.C.Western Nuer and J.S.R. Duncan, A.D.C. Central Nuer on Dinkacustoms1947 DecSAD.768/1/19-23Note by Howell on a visit to Abyei, 6-12 Dec 1947, reporting on theschool, local affairs including an invasion of Twij and Agar Dinka anda row between Gefur Alur and Deng Majok, legal affairs and generalplans and policy1948 SepSAD.768/1/24-25Report by Howell for the Governor on discussions with Dinka chiefsand sub-chiefs on arrangements for Legislative Assembly elections[ca. 1948]SAD.768/1/26-29Introduction to handing-over notes by Howell on the Ngork Dinka[ca. 1948]SAD.768/1/30-38Draft notes by Howell on “The Ngork: a short account of a Dinka tribe”[ca. 1948]SAD.768/1/39-53Miscellaneous notes on Dinka courts and customary law and on thedistribution of bridewealth1948SAD.768/2/1-2List of Ngork Dinka sections, giving numbers of men, women, boysand girls in each section[1940s]SAD.768/2/3List of sections and chiefs of the Ngork Dinka[1940s]SAD.768/2/4-14List of Ngork Dinka sections, sub-sections and lineages[1940s]SAD.768/2/15-46Notes by Howell on the Ngork Dinka, their origins and lineage, andcustoms[1940s]SAD.768/2/47Ngork Dinka genealogy[1940s]SAD.768/2/48Note of the number of taxpayers in each section of the Ngork Dinka[1940s]SAD.768/2/49Note of Ngork Dinka fighting alliances[1940s]SAD.768/2/50“Differences in cultural features” - notes by Howell comparing theNgork with Lienhardt's description of the Dinka[1940s]SAD.768/2/51Diagram of Ngork bridewealth by Howell

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[1940s]SAD.768/2/52-62Notes on the Rut Dinka of the Zeraf Valley by Howell[1940s]SAD.68/8/1-3Note by Howell on the story of the Dinka hero Ayeuil[1940s]SAD.68/8/4Brief note by Howell on the Dinka and Shilluk beliefs concerning theorigin of jebels[1940s]SAD.68/8/5List showing the numbers of men, women, girls and boys insub-sections of the Ngork Dinka[1940s]SAD.68/8/6Second page of a note on fighting between Dinka age-sets (first pageof note is missing)

(c) Baqqarah1947 AprSAD.768/3/1-80;

768/4/1-112 Western Kordofan District information book by A.C. Beaton, D.C.,comprising:

Introduction and contentsSAD.768/3/2-9Chapter I. PhysicalArea, contours, rivers, vulcanism, climate, soil and vegetation,scenery

SAD.768/3/10-16

Chapter II. HistoricalGeneral, remains, historical times (Dar Hamar, Dar Messiriyyah,Dinka, Nuba and Daju)

SAD.768/3/17-26

Chapter III. ExternalBorders - with N. Kordofan, central Kordofan, western Kordofan,Upper Nile, Equatoria, Darfur

SAD.768/3/27-30

Chapter IV. Tribal, administrative, judicialSAD.768/3/31-67Chapter V. Public securityPrevention, crime, punishment

SAD.768/3/68-80

Chapter VI. HealthHospitals and dispensaries, epidemics, endemics, water supplies

SAD.768/4/1-17

Chapter VII. EducationBoys, girls

SAD.768/4/18-24

Chapter VIII. CommunicationsAir, ferries, roads, district transport, private transport, rest-houses,wireless telegraphy, telegraph lines, telephones, mails, trekking

SAD.768/4/25-31

Chapter IX. AgricultureFood crops, money crops, pests, projects

SAD.768/4/32-43

Chapter X. ForestsGeneral, tebeldis, other flora, grasses, tree produce, projects

SAD.768/4/44-63

Chapter XI. AnimalsGrazing, camels, horses, donkeys, mules, cattle, sheep, goats,dogs, animal produce, crime involving animals, game veterinarywork

SAD.768/4/64-79

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Howell, Paul Philip

Chapter XII. Trade and developmentGeneral, markets (Nahud, Abu Zabad, El Odaya, Lagowa,Muglad, others), native industries, development

SAD.768/4/80-91

Chapter XIII. TaxationBudgets, Hamar tribute, Messiriyyah combined tax, Dinka polltax, Nuba poll tax. Daju poll tax, rates in towns

SAD.768/4/92-98

Chapter XIV. ReligionSects, tariqas, mosques, ma`ahad, sharia court

SAD.768/4/99-100

Chapter XV. ConclusionSAD.768/4/101-102MapsSAD.768/4/103-111

“Some observations on the Baggara Messiria of Western Kordofan”,by Howell

SAD.768/5/1-84

IntroductionPhysical environment and topography: Dar Homr and DarMessiriyyah

SAD.768/5/9-14

Seasonal movements and economic activitiesSAD.768/5/15-28Social and political organisationSAD.768/5/29-70Political leadership in the pastSAD.768/5/70-77The development of native administrationSAD.768/5/77-80Some observations on local governmentSAD.768/5/80-84

1948 Oct 30SAD.768/6/1-73;768/7/1-84 Notes on the Baqqarah for Western Kordofan district handbook, by

Howell:Vol 2: Messiriyyah

Map of Dar Messiriyyah showing seasonal movements and zonesSAD.768/6/4IntroductionSAD.768/6/5-13Political developmentSAD.768/6/14-19Offices and buildingsSAD.768/6/20-22FinanceSAD.768/6/23-24CourtsSAD.768/6/25-27Economic development: agriculture, veterinary, pasture research,water supplies, forests, communications

SAD.768/6/28-57

Map of Western Kordofan showing trade routes and seasonalmovements

SAD.768/6/55

Migration and seasonal activitiesSAD.768/6/59-73Social groups and political divisionSAD.768/7/1-32Homicide and the payment of blood moneySAD.768/7/33-62Political authoritySAD.768/7/63-66Family and kinship structureSAD.768/7/67-84

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1948 Dec 10SAD.768/7/85-89Summary of notes by Howell on grazing areas, Western District, withcovering letter from M.N. Harrison, Pasture Research officer[1950s]SAD.68/9/1-147Manuscript notes and drafts by Howell on various aspects of BaqqarahMisiriyah society and culture. Includes: draft article on agriculture(SAD.68/9/1-10); draft article on marriage and divorce(SAD.68/9/11-15); notes on the various sections within the Misiriyahand the genealogical history of these sections (SAD.68/9/16-44); draftarticle on development of the Misiriyah Baqqarah (SAD.68/9/46-60);ts. draft of an article, “Note on history of Western Kordofan Baggara”(SAD.68/9/61-88); ms. note on migration and seasonal activities(SAD.68/9/89-105); ms. draft of an article on the payment, collectionand distribution of blood money among the Misiriyah Baqqarah(SAD.68/9/106-133); ms. note on political authority(SAD.68/9/134-137); ms. note on forestation around Dar Messiria(with list of trees seen on trek) (SAD.68/9/138-139); ts. notes on theBaqqarah in Western Kordofan given in reference to an unknownarticle on the Baqqarah in Darfur (SAD.68/9/140-147)1953 Mar 14SAD.768/7/90Letter from I. Cunnison to Howell concerning the progress of hisresearch among the Baqqarah, the importance of the surra and thedifferent meanings of feriq, with further comments on Howell'shandbook of Western District, Kordofan (see SAD.768/6-768/7)

(d) Shilluk[1930s-1940s]SAD.68/10/1-230Papers, notes and correspondence on the Shilluk collected by Howellfor research purposes (many originate from the Sudan Political Serviceand some from the Jonglei Investigation Team). Most of the papersseem to relate to Shilluk law and custom though other subjects arealso dealt with. Includes: letter from Howell to J.L. Baker, AssistantDistrict Commissioner Upper Nile Province, outlining the arrangementof the Shilluk Fadit settlement and the relationship of the variouslineages (SAD.68/10/2-5); ms. note on the Shilluk Fadit division(SAD.68/10/6-11); sketch map of Shilluk settlements in the Wau region(SAD.68/10/13); sketch map of Shilluk settlements on the east bankof the river at Wau (SAD.68/10/16-17); list of taxpayers around Wau(SAD.68/10/18); ms. notes on homicide amongst the Shilluk(SAD.68/10/21-25); diagram showing the various familial relationshipterms used by the Shilluk (SAD.68/10/29); note by M.E.C. Pumphrey,Assistant District Commissioner, Yirol, Upper Nile Province, on Shillukcourts (SAD.68/10/30); note by [Howell] to F.D. Kingdon, Governor,Upper Nile Province, on the Shilluk female Nyireths, 1946(SAD.68/10/31); notes by Howell on the power of the reth, marriagedowry and public order (SAD.68/10/32-34); extracts from theproceedings of the Shilluk Council, mostly concerning Shilluk law andcustom, 1926-1933 (SAD.68/10/35-43); notes on the election of RethFafiti, by [H.C.J.] (SAD.68/10/44-45); tree showing Shilluk royal

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Howell, Paul Philip

succession, copied by G.W. Titherington. 1931 (SAD.68/10/46);minutes of a meeting held at Kodok of a committee appointed to recordthe traditional tribal method of settling the succession of the Reth, byJ.G.S. Macphail, 1933 (SAD.68/10/47-48); notes on Shilluk customarylaw, 1933 (SAD.68/10/49-51,57-58); note on Shilluk courts, 1933(SAD.68/10/53-55); list of Shilluk Nyereths, 1933 (SAD.68/10/56-58);note on marriage amongst the Shilluk, by J.B. Stewart, AssistantDistrict Commissioner, 1934 (SAD.68/10/59-61); notes on murdercases, 1930-1937 (SAD.68/10/62-66); report on the 15th ShillukCouncil held at Kodok, 2-5 Feb 1942, by L.W.A. Raven, AssistantDistrict Commissioner, Kodok, Upper Nile Province, with coveringnote to C.G. Davies, Governor, Upper Nile Province(SAD.68/10/67-74); proceedings of the 11th Shilluk Council, February1942 (SAD.68/10/75-84); proceedings of the 1939 Shilluk Council(SAD.68/10/85-97); notes on the history of each district of the UpperNile Province (SAD.68/10/98-103); collection of notes by Howell andM.E.C. Pumphrey on Shilluk customary law, in particular marriageand marital relationships, with cover note from Howell to E.E.Evans-Pritchard, Institute of Social Anthropology, Oxford, explaininghis research (SAD.68/10/104-156); report from T.A. Maclagan,Assistant District Commissioner, Yirol, Upper Nile Province, to C.A.Willis, Governor, Upper Nile Province, concerning crimes of violenceamong the Shilluk, 1931 (SAD.68/10/161-164); note on Shilluk placenames, compiled from notes by L.W.A. Raven (SAD.68/10/165); noteon the cult of Deng (SAD.68/10/166-168); report from W.P.G.Thomson, A.D.C., Kodok, to F.D. Kingdon, Governor, Upper NileProvince, on the economics of the Shilluk royal village, Fashoda, 1947(SAD.68/10/169-171); report from W.P.G. Thomson, A.D.C., Kodok,to F.D. Kingdon, Governor, Upper Nile Province, on the Shilluk benyor warlord, 1947 (SAD.68/10/172-173); notes on the Shilluk reth writtenby Howell for E.E. Evans-Pritchard (SAD.68/10/174-175); letter toEvans-Pritchard from J.C.N. Donald on the divisions of the Shillukkingdom, 1948 (SAD.68/10/176); copy letter from Yuzbashi TalibIsmain to E.E. Evans-Pritchard, on the issue of migrations of theShilluk, 1930 (SAD.68/10/177-179); letter from Howell to H. Frankforton Howell's plan for his work on the death and installation of the reth(SAD.68/10/181); note by M.E.C. Pumphrey, A.D.C. Malakal, ondivorce and return of cattle payment (SAD.68/10/183); letter from[J.G.S. Macphail] to the Governor Upper Nile Province, on a reductionof bride price among the Shilluk, 1938 (SAD.68/10/184-185); note onthe selection of the reth (SAD.68/10/188); note on a meeting with thereth at Kodok on 4 Oct 1932, by E.G. Coryton, D.C., Malakal(SAD.68/10/196-197); letter from A.G. Pawson, Governor Upper NileProvince, to the Civil Secretary concerning the unpopularity of thepresent reth, 1932 (SAD.68/10/198-199); note on the situation of theShilluk reth as of 19 November 1932 (SAD.68/10/200-201); letter fromJ.B. Stewart to E.G. Coryton concerning fighting amongst the Shilluk,1932 (SAD.68/10/203); summary of various official records relatingto the Shilluk, including intelligence reports, dated 1898-1903

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(SAD.68/10/204-208); note of a meeting of Shilluk chiefs at Fashodato investigate the discharge of the Court Chief, Ajang Amuc, 1937(SAD.68/10/209-210); note on the working of the Shilluk court byA.E.C. Pumphrey, 1936 (SAD.68/10/211-213); account of “the deathof a Shilluk king in 1839” extracted from writings by Thibaut, a 19thcentury trader and explorer in the Sudan, with letters from J. AlfredHeasty [a missionary in Sudan] and the ethnologist, C.G. Seligman,to George Whitehead concerning the Thibaut account(SAD.68/10/215-226); extract from the proceedings of a Shilluk Councilmeeting on the reduction of bride price (SAD.68/10/227-230)[1949]SAD.68/11/1-56“Notes on kinship and social structure amongst the Shilluk” draft articlewritten by Howell focusing on the Fadit-Wau division of the Shilluk.Includes notes on the Fadit-Wau division of settlements, the Faditsettlement in particular, and marriage and marital relationships amongthe Shilluk. Also includes a separate note on kinship groups andterritorial divisions among the Shilluk. Within the main article thefollowing map is included:

[1949]SAD.68/11/5Sketch map of the Shilluk Wau settlement21 x 33cm

[1950s]SAD.69/1/1-92“Observations on the Shilluk of the Upper Nile: social structure andthe settlement”, draft of an article by Howell discussing “territorialsegmentation”, “structure of the settlement”, and the “Wau-Faditdivision”. Includes diagrams and maps in the appendix (some aremissing and have been replaced by photocopies - though thesereplacements are unordered). Also includes a cover note from Howellto E.E. Evans-Pritchard. Maps in the appendix include:

[1950s]SAD.69/1/71Sketch map of the Fadit settlement, Upper Nile Province14 x 22 cm[1950s]SAD.69/1/77Map showing the divisions of Shilluk settlements along a sectionof the White Nile, Upper Nile Province16 x 27 cm[1950s]SAD.69/1/80Sketch map of Shilluk country, showing boundaries of divisionsScale: 1:1,000,00019 x 13 cm[1950s]SAD.69/1/81Sketch map of Wau Settlement, Upper Nile Province22 x 14 cm[1950s]SAD.69/1/82Sketch map of the Wau-Fadit division, showing approximateboundaries of settlements and flood-plain of the White NileScale: 1:100,00014 x 19 cm

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Howell, Paul Philip

[1950s]SAD.69/1/83Diagram showing position of clans and off-shoots in Wausettlement14 x 21 cm[1950s]SAD.69/1/91Sketch map showing relative positions of hamlets of Kwa Nai17 x 14 cm

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Howell, Paul Philip

[1952]SAD.69/2/1-79Notes on Shilluk clans and reths collected by Awok Tut in responseto requests by Howell. Includes: a list of the important Shilluk clanswith notes on each (SAD.69/2/1-11); list of the sections in which Shillukclans are grouped (SAD.69/2/12-15); note from Howell to Awok Tutrequesting particular information on Shilluk reths (SAD.69/2/17-19);note on the Shilluk reth Nyidhok (noted as the 20th reth)(SAD.69/2/21); note on the method of land distribution used by theShilluk (SAD.69/2/22); list of the more southerly Shilluk clans(SAD.69/2/23-25); notes on the lives of supposedly all the Shilluk rethsup until 1952 with a list showing the order and dates during which theyreigned (SAD.69/2/26-79)[1950s]SAD.69/2/80-85“The death of Reth Dak Wad Fadiet and the installation of hissuccessor: a preliminary note”, brief typescript article by Howell[1950s]SAD.69/3/1-99Part of a dissertation/draft publication on Shilluk culture, customs andsociety (pp 74-171 of original typescript). Includes information on:religion and superstition (SAD.69/3/3-13); the country and geographyof the Shilluk region (SAD/69/3/14-16); social structure and hierarchy(SAD.69/3/16-19); the physical appearance of the Shilluk(SAD.69/3/19); “the life of a Shilluk from birth to death”(SAD.69/3/21-28 ; work; marriage (SAD.69/3/28-33); houses andfurniture (SAD.69/3/33-34; hunting and fishing (SAD.69/3/36-37);crafts (SAD.69/3/37); food (SAD.69/3/38-40); sickness and medicine(SAD.69/3/41-42); war (SAD.69/3/42-44); social interaction(SAD.69/3/50-51); myths and stories (SAD.69/3/52-58); puzzles(SAD.69/3/58-68); and songs, music and dance (SAD.69/3/69)1975SAD.69/4/1-45Papers and correspondence relating to “The Shilluk: continuities andchange”, a film by Chris Curling produced for Granada Television, aswell as a special presentation of the film held at Cambridge University,Department of Social Anthropology at which Howell presented alecture. Papers include: correspondence between Howell, Curling andothers involved in the film and presentation (SAD.69/4/1-15); brief ts.notes on Shilluk lineages and territorial settlements (SAD.69/4/17);draft ts. copy of the speech made by Howell at the presentation of thefilm (SAD.69/4/18-34); and a partial copy of the script of the film(SAD.69/4/35-45)

(e) General tribal material1990 Feb 13SAD.69/5/1-7“ Ethnic and tribal groupings in the Southern Sudan”, a personal noteby Howell1992 Mar - May 22SAD.69/5/8-37Draft codes of customary law for Nuer, Dongjol Dinka, and in Wunwritten by E. McCune, British foreign aid worker and wife of RiekMachar II, with covering letter to Howell from J. Ryle explaining

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McCune's intentions to develop a common customary law for theinhabitants of Upper Nile

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Howell, Paul Philip

2. Papers relating to Howell's career in the Sudan Political Service and theSudan Defence Force

1927 Jan 25 – 1942 Feb 19SAD.71/1/1-100Papers and correspondence largely relating to Howell's initialrecruitment to the Sudan Political Service, his position as AssistantDistrict Commissioner and his recruitment into the Sudan DefenceForce. Includes:

1927 JanSAD.71/1/1-5Minute on the subject of devolution in native administration bySir J.L. Maffey, Governor-General, with a covering note by H.A.MacMichael, Civil Secretary1934 Sep 9SAD.71/1/6-8Note for Assistant District Commissioners on customs dues,transport privileges, etc. on first appointment and on marriage(no. 50/A/2-6-2). Issued by the Civil Secretary's Office, Khartoum[1930s]SAD.71/1/9Notes on “the machinery of government”1937 JunSAD.71/1/10-12Letter to A.B.B. Howell, Sudan Government Office, London, fromJ.A. Gillan, Sudan Civil Secretary's Department, concerning astudy trip by P.P. Howell to the Upper Nile Province to workamong the Shilluk, with covering note from A.B.B. Howell to P.P.Howell1938 Jul 8SAD.71/1/16Letter to P.P. Howell from A.B.B. Howell, concerning the former'sselection board as part of his application process to join theSudan Political Service[1930s]SAD.71/1/17“Some notes on the Sudan” , brief note giving advice on suppliesrequired and conditions in the Sudan for the information of newrecruits to the SPS1938 Aug 5SAD.71/1/19Letter to Howell from H.M. Foot, Colonial Office, advising himthat he has been selected for appointment to the ColonialAdministrative Service for service in Nigeria1938 Aug 5SAD.71/1/20Letter to Howell from Guy Venning concerning Howell'ssuccessful application to the Colonial Service1938 Aug 11SAD.71/1/22-23Letter to Howell from A.B.B. Howell, Sudan Government LondonOffice, concerning the requirement to study Arabic following hisappointment to the SPS1938 Sep 20SAD.71/1/26-27Letter to P.P. Howell from his uncle, G.C.L. Howell,congratulating him on his appointment to the SPS and givinghim advice on his role of Assistant District Commissioner1938 Apr 7SAD.71/1/31-32Sudan Government: List of kit recommended for SudanGovernment Officials, (Khartoum: Civil Secretary's Office, 1938)

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1938SAD.71/1/33“Notes for probationers”, giving basic guidelines for the first fewdays after arrival in the Sudan[1938]SAD.71/1/34-47“A note for probationers”, giving an introduction to the work ofthe District Commissioner and outlining how best to succeed inthe role. Also includes an attached recommended reading list.1938 Nov 24SAD.71/1/48-52Letter to Howell from C.E. Allan, Sudan Government LondonOffice, concerning Howell's travel arrangements to the Sudan1938 Dec 6SAD.71/1/53-55Invoice from Lawn and Alder Ltd. for Howell's luggage andequipment to be shipped to the Sudan1939 Jan 19SAD.71/1/56Tenancy agreement between Howell and the Sudan Governmentfor his house in Khartoum1939 SepSAD.71/1/57-62“Conditions for enrolment and terms of service in the British ArmyOfficers Emergency Reserve for the Sudan”, with covering letterto Howell from [J.B. Ready], for Major-General CommandingTroops in the Sudan, and blank application form1939 Sep 26SAD.71/1/63Letter to Howell from [J.B. Ready], for Major-GeneralCommanding Troops in the Sudan, acknowledging receipt of hisapplication form for the British Army Officers Emergency Reservefor the Sudan1940 Mar 1SAD.71/1/67-69Letter to Howell from Noel B. with his views on the war[1940]SAD.71/1/70-71Sudan Defence Force (Temporary Commissions) terms of serviceregulations, with covering note to Howell from J.B. Ready1940 May 1SAD.71/1/72Sudan Defence Force Gazette, No. 5 (Khartoum: SDFHeadquarters, 1940), announcing a temporary commission forHowell1940 May 14SAD.71/1/73-75Temporary identification certificate issued to Howell1941 Jan 1SAD.71/1/77Short letter to Howell from Sir Stewart Symes, formerGovernor-General, concerning Howell's work as Aide-de-Camp1941 Jul 20SAD.71/1/81-82Letter to Howell from A.S. Brock concerning Decamere, in Eritrea1941 Aug 15SAD.71/1/83-84Letter to Howell from J.T. Crawford, Occupied Enemy TerritoryAdministration (Eritrea), concerning progress following theoccupation of [an unidentified town] in Eritrea1941 Aug 25SAD.71/1/85-86“ Political aspects of the war”, circular, outlining the political andmilitary situation in Syria, issued by order of theCommander-in-Chief

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1941 OctSAD.71/1/87Temporary certificate of identification issued to Howell. Includessmall portrait photograph of Howell.1941 Nov 1SAD.71/1/90Letter to Howell from J.P.S. Daniell mostly discussing hisactivities on leave in Uganda, Tanganyika and Kenya1943 Aug 28SAD.71/1/99Letter to Howell from R. de Bere concerning a request to securea drum for the reth of the Shilluk1945 Feb 19SAD.71/1/100Letter to Howell from D.M.H. Evans concerning an article byHowell for Sudan Notes and Records

1940 JunSAD.71/2/1-60Loose sheet diary documenting military activity around the Sudanduring 1940-1942. The diary, kept by Howell (most likely in connectionwith his role as aide-de-camp and private secretary to theGovernor-General), contains entries written in a formal style detailingdaily events. The main focus of the diary is on enemy attacks andother military activity within the Sudan, along with the activities ofBritish troops in Italian occupied North East Africa. In particular thediary contains detailed accounts of bombing raids and otherengagements with enemy forces in the Sudan, particularly in areason the border with Ethiopia (including Kassala, Kurmuk, Gedaref,Malakal, and Gallabat). It also contains more specific details such asallied and enemy troop numbers within certain areas. Informationseems to be mainly drawn from official reports and telegrams alongwith the eyewitness accounts of colleagues and associates of Howell's.The diary also contains entries dealing with military activity furtherafield in North Africa and Europe. Interleafed throughout the diary arecopies of telegrams between the Qaid and various military andgovernment officials concerning military activities, along with dailysituation reports written by Howell. Other items of note include:

1940 Jul 7SAD.71/2/9Ts. translation of the Arabic text of a leaflet dropped by theItalians over areas near Kassala1940SAD.71/2/23Sketch map of the border between the Sudan and Italianoccupied North East Africa (from Port Sudan, Red Sea Province,to south of Gallabat, Kassala Province) showing two points ofenemy engagementScale: Approx. 1:4,000,00026 x 15 cm1940 Sep 20SAD.71/2/24Sketch map showing dispositions near KassalaScale: Approx. 1:4,000,00029 x 15 cm1940 Sep 5SAD.71/2/25Sketch map of north east Sudan showing “Italian order of battleon immediate frontier”

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Scale: Approx. 1:4,000,00029 x 15 cm1940 Sep 17SAD.71/2/26Sketch map of north east Sudan showing “proposed distributionof Niblick”Scale: Approx. 1:4,000,00029 x 18 cm1940SAD.71/2/29Rough sketch map of north east Sudan showing troop positionsScale: Approx. 1:4,000,00020 x 25 cm1941 Mar 24SAD.71/2/52Rough sketch map showing the “situation in Italian E.A. on 24iii 1941”, with the movement of British and Berbera troopsScale: Approx 1:15,000,00019 x 23 cm1941 Mar 21SAD.71/2/54Sketch showing the hills and peaks west of Keren, Eritrea

1943 Aug 13-Sep 21SAD.71/2/61-65Diary of a trip on leave during which Howell visited various places inUganda and Nairobi

[1940s] Jun 5SAD.71/2/66First page of a diary of a trek around un unidentified area of UpperNile Province

1945SAD.71/2/67-70Notes on Nilotic cattle culture, epidemics among cattle, and the theoryof overgrazing. Includes extracts from letters.

1948 Sep 27SAD.71/2/71-72Letter from Howell to J.F. Tiernay, Governor, Kordofan Province,concerning an increase in the animal rate on cattle

1952-1955SAD.71/3/1-16Correspondence regarding Howell's retirement and the Sudanisationof his position in the lead up to independence. The correspondencemostly concerns the terms of Howell's retirement and the finalisationof the Jonglei Investigation Team and Southern DevelopmentInvestigation Team reports.

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3. Papers relating to the Jonglei Investigation Team and SouthernDevelopment Investigation Team

1948-1949SAD.69/6/1-34Correspondence mostly surrounding Howell's appointment as chairmanof the Jonglei Investigation Team. Includes: letters from Howell toH.A.W. Morrice, Sudan Irrigation Department, concerning Howell'sappointment to the Jonglei Investigation Team and the terms of hissecondment from his post as District Commissioner, Western Kordofan(SAD.69/6/1-8); Howell to D. Howell, his sister, enquiring as to thepossibility of recruiting a suitable Agriculturalist / Pastoral ResearchOfficer from the students at Reading University (SAD.69/6/9); Howellfrom F.D. McJannet, District Commissioner, Western Nuer District,concerning the origins of the Dinka of Paneru (SAD.69/6/10); Howellto John Winder concerning the budget and plans for the JongleiInvestigation Team (SAD.69/6/11-12); Howell from H.A.W. Morrice,Sudan Irrigation Department, concerning the Third Interim Report ofthe Jonglei Investigation Team (SAD.69/6/13); Howell from Morriceconcerning various aspects of the Jonglei Investigation Team andEgyptian involvement in the Jonglei project (SAD.69/6/16-17); Howellto E.E. Evans-Pritchard concerning Howell's progress on his thesis(SAD.69/6/18,27); Howell from Morrice concerning the terms ofreference for the Jonglei Investigation Team (SAD.69/6/23); Howellfrom M.M. Medani, Game Preservation Department, confirmingHowell's appointment as Honorary Game Warden. Includes attachedlist of duties of the Honorary Game Warden (SAD.69/6/28-29); Howellfrom F. Debenham mostly concerning his own work in the Bangweuluswamps in Northern Rhodesia (SAD.69/6/31); Howell to R.C. Wakefieldconcerning the surveyors recruited to the Jonglei Investigation Team(SAD.69/6/32)

1946 Jan 2 – 1952 Jan 21SAD.69/7/1-135General papers, reports and correspondence of the JongleiInvestigation Team. Includes: copy of the original terms of referenceof the Jonglei Investigation Team issued by the Sudan GovernmentFinance Department in 1946 (SAD.69/7/1-4); letter to Howell from G.Winterbottom concerning a book containing information on theBudduma tribe of Lake Chad (SAD.69/7/5-7); summary of the1948-1949 JIT budget (SAD.69/6/8-11); letter to Howell from W. Kingconcerning the distribution of questionnaires in Nigeria(SAD.69/7/15-17); letter to Howell from Le Commandant de Cerclede N'Guigmi, French Equatorial Africa, giving answers - mostlyconcerning the Budduma tribe - to a questionnaire sent by Howell(SAD.69/7/18-20); extract from the introduction to the progress reportof the Jonglei Investigation Team, 1948-1949 (SAD.69/7/27-32); reportby D.G. Clow, Veterinary Inspector, Sudan Veterinary Service, on atrek around Kosti District, White Nile Province, including trek notes(SAD.69/7/33-40); report from Howell to J.F. Glennie, DivisionalEngineer, concerning river levels in Jerkwot and Aliab, Bahr al-Ghazal(SAD.69/7/41-43); memorandum by Howell concerning pump schemes

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(SAD.69/7/47-48); memoranda on the Machar marshes(SAD.69/7/49-51,55-59,67-68,72-87); trek report by K.E. Snelson,Assistant Divisional Engineer, concerning a trek around the centralUpper Nile Province mostly investigating hydrology and pasture(SAD.69/7/61-65); leisure guide to the game and scenery of the Bomaregion of the Upper Nile Province, by R.E. Lyth (SAD.69/7/69-71);trek notes on the northern approach to the Machar swamps(SAD.69/7/88-89); records of meetings of the Jonglei InvestigationTeam (SAD.69/7/90-93,108-109,113-120); rainfall statistics for Malakal,Kosti, Renk, Kurmuk and Talodi (SAD.69/7/94-98); “Ecological aspectsof the Jonglei area”, a memorandum [by Howell] (SAD.69/7/99-100);extensive letter from Howell to F.D. Corfield, Governor, Upper NileProvince, covering various elements of the development plan for thefuture of the Jonglei area (SAD.69/7/101-107); letter to Howell fromJohn [Glennie?] concerning a survey trek around north Ugandainvestigating Lake Albert (SAD.69/7/121-125); letter to Howell fromD.C. Driver, District Commissioner, Malakal, concerning theestablishment of a new team to carry on the work of the JIT(SAD.69/7/127-128); index to files created by the Jonglei InvestigationTeam and subsequently deposited in the Financial Secretary's Office,Khartoum (SAD.69/7/129-135)

1950 Jan 6 – 1952 Apr 6SAD.69/8/1-65Very rough trek notes of a series of five different treks around southernSudan undertaken by Howell as part of his research for the JongleiInvestigation Team. The first trek, in Upper Nile Province, starts inBor and ends in Fangak. The second trek, travelling from Upper NileProvince into White Nile Province, starts in Malakal and ends in AbuRukba. The third trek, in Upper Nile Province, mainly centres aroundMalakal and the Machar marshes. The fourth trek is focused aroundthe south of Upper Nile Province into Mongalla. The last trek isbetween Upper Nile Province and Mongalla. Howell's notes varybetween diary-style entries on day-to-day activities and roughobservations and statistics on issues such as rivers, transport andagriculture. Sketch maps include:

1950SAD.69/8/22Sketch map of an area east of the Machar marshes showingtribal village areas and grazing areas30 x 18 cm1950SAD.69/8/24Sketch map of an area south east of Malakal showing highground cultivations and villages of the Shilluk tribes, grazingmovements, and roads20 x 32 cm1950SAD.69/8/26Rough sketch map of the banks of the River Yabus near Boing,Upper Nile Province20 x 16 cm

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[1949-1950]SAD.69/9/1-144File of papers and correspondence relating to the work of the JongleiInvestigation Team, mostly concerning the issue of compensation totribes who were to lose grazing and agricultural land to the Jongleischeme. The papers have been organised by Howell under thefollowing headings: “approach”, “terms of reference”, “hydrology”,“pasture and vets”, “surveys” and “agriculture”. Includes:

1950 Jun 2SAD.69/9/3-5Memorandum by J.F. Glennie to the other members of theJonglei Investigation Team concerning the issue of compensationwithin the team's remit, with reply from Howell1950 Jun 5-12SAD.69/9/6-14Copy of a questionnaire proposed by Howell as a means ofinvestigating the amount of compensation required by individualtribal areas, with cover note by Howell and response from D.G.Clow1950 JunSAD.69/9/15-20“Application of the questionnaire technique to the estimate ofcompensation”, a case study focusing on the Dar Muharib of theeast bank of the White Nile1950 JunSAD.69/9/22-25“Application of the questionnaire technique to the Paloich Dinka”[1949]SAD.69/9/27-28Terms of reference of the Jonglei Committee and the JongleiInvestigation Team[1950]SAD.69/9/29-31“Note on the history and organisation of the Jonglei Investigation”1950 Jan 10SAD.69/9/35-40“Estimate of compensation, hydrological appreciation”,memorandum issued by J.F. Glennie of the Jonglei InvestigationTeam, Irrigation Section on the issue of compensation to areasaffected by reduced water supply or excess flooding1950 Jul 3SAD.69/9/41-43“Note on the results of hydrological investigations”, mainlyfocusing on the area of the White Nile around Malakal, by J.F.Glennie1950 Oct 28SAD.69/9/44-49“Estimate of compensation, central zone”, review of theinvestigations carried out by the Jonglei Investigation Team,Irrigation Section in the central zone (the stretch of the WhiteNile from Jonglei to Fangak, Upper Nile Province)1950 Mar 2SAD.69/9/53-58Note submitted to the Director Sudan Veterinary Serviceconcerning the improvement of toc pasture in Bahr al-GhazalProvince, by M.N. Harrison, Pasture Research Officer. Includesan extract from the minutes of the 8th meeting of the Livestockand Veterinary Standing Committee of the Board of Economicsand Trade

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[1950]SAD.69/9/62-65Summary of the grassland investigations carried out in thenorthern zone of the White Nile (the section furthest north withinthe Upper Nile Province)1951 Jan 16SAD.69/9/67-70Note by J.H. Davies, Pasture Research Officer, JongleiInvestigation Team, on pump schemes1950 Nov 30SAD.69/9/72-78Notes on the Jonglei Investigation Team, Survey Section 1950-51work programme, by D.F. Ferguson, Inspector of Surveys,Jonglei Investigation Team1950 Nov 2SAD.69/9/79-83Notes on the drawing of maps, plans, and diagrams forreproduction by the Survey Department, by R.C. Wakefield,Director of Surveys and D.F. Ferguson, Inspector of Surveys,Jonglei Investigation Team[1950]SAD.69/9/89-98“Agricultural aspects of the 1951-1956 development plan forUpper Nile Province”, report by J.J. Basinski, Inspector ofAgriculture, Jonglei Investigation Team[1950]SAD.69/9/99-108“Programme of work for the agricultural member for the1950-1951 season” report by [J.J. Basinski, Inspector ofAgriculture, Jonglei Investigation Team]1950 Dec 2SAD.69/9/109-116“Agricultural survey questionnaire”, with covering note by J.J.Basinski, Inspector of Agriculture, Jonglei Investigation Team[1950s]SAD.69/9/126Manuscript account of a double murder by a policeman nearMatiang [on the bank of the White Nile, Upper Nile Province][1950s]SAD.69/9/127-144“The Equatorial Nile Project”, article by E.J. Howell on the projectand the work of the Jonglei Investigation Team

1952 Nov 6 - 1953 Nov 26SAD.768/8/1-101;768/9/1-114 Official and semi-official papers from Howell's service as chairman of

the Jonglei Investigation Team (1948-1953) and SouthernDevelopment Investigation Team (1953-1955). The papers consistchiefly of circulars from the Civil Secretary about political issues, notesetc. on the southern situation, with related correspondence withcolleagues, and correspondence about the fate of the JongleiInvestigation Team (J.I.T.) and the struggle to get it renewed as aDevelopment Team for the south (S.D.I.T.) Unless otherwise stated,letters are to Howell. Correspondence includes J.W. Robertson, CivilSecretary, to all Governors re the text of the Egyptian note to theBritish Government (SAD.768/8/4-5); G.W. Bell regarding confusionover the future of the south (SAD.768/8/6); Carden, Driver and Howellto J. Longe, Governor U.N.P. re the future careers of Political Serviceofficials in the light of the Sudanisation proposals (SAD.768/8/7-9),with replies from Longe and A.L. Chick (SAD.768/8/10-12); B.A. Lewis

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concerning his proposed scheme for running the three southernprovinces as a trust territory under a Pro-Consul (SAD.768/8/13-14);Howell to J. Pike, Fisheries officer regarding priorities for the localfishing industry in Shilluk waters (SAD.768/8/15); B.A. Lewis (firstpage only) re his hopes for a Ministry for the Co-ordination of SouthernDevelopment in the new Parliament (SAD.768/8/16); C.C.Beaty-Pownall, Commissioner of Police concerning the communistactivities of junior officials, workers and students (SAD.768/8/19);Lewis re the need for a treaty with Egypt acknowledging thesovereignty of the Sudan and for a Ministry for the Co-ordination ofSouthern Development and regarding the journalists' tour of the south(SAD.768/8/20-21); Lewis to E.H. Nightingale, Governor Jubaconcerning his views on the future of the Sudan and in particular onsouthern development (SAD.768/8/22-25); R.C. Wakefield re theproposal to continue the development work of the Jonglei InvestigationTeam under departmental guidance (SAD.768/8/26-27), with Howell'sreply (SAD.768/8/38); appeal from a southern Sudanese for a delayin the process towards independence (SAD.768/8/37); Howell to J.S.R.Duncan, Private Secretary concerning opinion in the south with regardto self-determination, the contribution of Buth Diu to the debate andthe views of Shingiti on the southern question (SAD.768/8/39-40);circular letter from J.W. Robertson to prominent Sudanese and Headsof Departments on the delay in publishing the Self-Government Statuteand the Egyptian note to the British Government (SAD.768/8/41-45);Robertson to all Governors concerning the creation of three newDeputy Governor posts for Sudanese (SAD.768/8/46-47); Howell toD.C. Driver, D.C. Malakal on the proposal of the Fisheries officer tooperate in Ngok Dinka country (SAD.768/8/49); Howell to Wakefieldre development potential in the south (SAD.768/8/51-52); commentaryby Wakefield on the Development Committee's decision to abolishthe team organisation (SAD.768/8/53-60); R.J. Smith concerning thedisposal of the assets of the Jonglei Investigation Team(SAD.768/8/64-65); Howell to J.C.N. Donald, Governor U.N.P.regarding progress in writing up the Jonglei reports (SAD.768/8/66-67);Lewis re his hopes for a Southern Development Board and thoughtson the future of the southern provinces (SAD.768/8/68-69); Robertsonto all Governors on the future for British officials in the Sudan in thelight of moves towards Sudanisation (SAD.768/8/71-73); Robertsonto all Governors re the culmination of negotiations between the Britishand Egyptian Governments (SAD.768/8/80-81); G.H. Bacon, Directorof Agriculture to the Commissioner for Development on his views onthe establishment of an investigation team for the southern provinces(SAD.768/8/83-84); Wakefield and Howell concerning future prospectsfor individual members of the Jonglei Investigation Team and thedisposal of assets (SAD.768/8/88-95); Lewis regarding reaction in thesouth to the agreement between the British and Egyptian Governments(SAD.768/8/97-98); Howell to John Bowes, Assistant Director-General,UNESCO concerning developments in the Sudan, particularly thesouth (SAD.768/8/99-101); Howell to Donald re the co-ordination ofsouthern development (SAD.768/9/2-4); Lewis on opposition to the

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idea of a Ministry for Southern Development (SAD.768/9/7-9);Wakefield regarding criticism from A.L. Chick of Howell's extravaganceas chairman of the Jonglei Investigation Team (SAD.768/9/11), withHowell's reply (SAD.768/9/36-37); W.N. Allan on his inspection trip toBedden, Nimule and Mutir to assess potential sites for a dam and rethe proposed greater Aswan project (SAD.768/9/14-16); Howell toA.C. Beaton, putting forward his arguments for a separate body toco-ordinate southern development (SAD.768/9/50-51); Lewis regardingthe terms of reference for the new S.D.I.T. (SAD.768/9/56-57), withHowell's reply (SAD.768/9/58-59) and letter to Beaton on the samesubject (SAD.768/9/60-62); Beaton re the proposed membership ofthe S.D.I.T. (SAD.768/9/65-67,74-77,79-80); Howell to Beatonconcerning progress with the Jonglei reports (SAD.768/9/82-83); G.W.Ogden re the proposed terms of reference and composition of theS.D.I.T. (SAD.768/9/101-102), with comments by Howell(SAD.768/9/96-100); Howell to Winder concerning the need for anAnimal Husbandry/Pasture Section for the S.D.I.T.(SAD.768/9/103-105); Beaton regarding Howell's appointment aschairman of the S.D.I.T. (SAD.768/9/113-114). Also includes:

1952 Dec 20SAD.768/8/17Minutes of Equatoria Province Council meeting held 16-18 Dec1952 to discuss the amendment to the draft constitutionJuba Political Committee memorandum on the future of the southSAD.768/8/181952 Dec 28SAD.768/8/28-29Note by Howell on an interview with Muhammad Salih Shingiti,primarily on economic development1952 Dec 28SAD.768/8/30-31Note on General Neguib's family and their connections with theSudan1952 Dec 29SAD.768/8/32-36Copy of the agreement signed between Sharif `Abd al-RahmanYusuf al-Hindi and the Egyptian Government1953 Jan 12SAD.768/8/61-62Observations by Howell on the political situation1953 Feb 4SAD.768/8/74-76Article from the Daily Telegraph by Eric Downton on “Britonsplan economy for South Sudan. Five years' study”1953 Feb 18SAD.768/8/85-87Note by R.C. Wakefield, Director of Surveys on “An appreciationof the present position with regard to an investigation team forthe southern provinces”Note by Howell on land reform in EgyptSAD.768/9/11953 MarSAD.768/9/17-19Aide memoire by Howell for discussion with visitors on southernviews on the move towards self-determination“A few facts about the southern Sudan, the Upper Nile Provincein particular”, prepared by Howell for visiting journalists and M.P.s

SAD.768/9/20-30

Comments by D.C. Driver on Howell's south in a nutshellSAD.768/9/31-34

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1953 Mar 20SAD.768/9/39-49Note by D.C. Driver and Howell of points for discussion with theMinister of State for Foreign Affairs, Selwyn Lloyd, withannotations written after the meeting by Howell1953 May 17SAD.768/9/71Communiqué from the Executive Council on the future ofexpatriate officialsDraft programme of work for the S.D.I.T. with note of informationabout agriculture and agricultural potential of the area

SAD.768/9/94-95

List of contents of the final report of the Jonglei InvestigationTeam

SAD.769/9/106-111

1954SAD.768/10/1-39Answers to Southern Development Investigation Team questionnairefrom Equatoria Province:

1954 Mar 30SAD.768/10/1-5Eastern District, by P. de Robeck, D.C.1954 May 12SAD.768/10/6-14Torit District, by P.R.A. Mansfield, A/D.C.1954 May 12SAD.768/10/15-20Yei River District, by W.B.H. Duke, D.C.1954 May 14SAD.768/10/21-25Moru District, by F.J. Sidwell, A/D.C.1954 May 20SAD.768/10/26-30Juba District, by P. Evans-Jones, D.C.1954 May 19SAD.768/10/31-39Zande District, by F.A. Shafie, for D.C.

1954SAD.769/1/1-36Answers to Southern Development Investigation Team questionnairefrom Bahr al-Ghazal Province:

1954 Mar 31SAD.769/1/1-6Lakes District, by B.A. Carlisle, D.C.1954 Apr 24SAD.769/1/7-19Western District, by R.C.S. MacGill, with covering letter of 12May (2 copies)1954 Apr 27 - May 24SAD.769/1/20-31Aweil District, by D. Fyfe, D.C.1954 May 8SAD.769/1/32-36Jur River District, by E.A. Pearson, D.C. with separate letterconcerning animal statistics

1954SAD.769/2/1-54Answers to Southern Development Investigation Team questionnairefrom Upper Nile Province:

1954 Apr 2SAD.769/2/1-4Malakal and Shilluk District, by J.O. Udal, A.D.C.1954 Apr 20SAD.769/2/5-21Bor District, by G.R.I. Dees, D.C.1954 Apr 22SAD.769/2/22-25Eastern Nuer District, by B.H. Dening, D.C.

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1954 Apr 26SAD.769/2/26-27Malakal, by G.P.A. Hickson, D.C.1954 May 12SAD.769/2/28-30Pibor District, by R.E. Lyth, D.C.1954 May 21SAD.769/2/31-35Western Nuer District, by P.S. Garland, D.C.1954 Jun 28SAD.769/2/36-45Renk District, by B.J. Chatterton, D.C.1954 May 11SAD.769/2/46-49Lau Nuer District, by P.L. Roussel, D.C.1954 Jul 7SAD.769/2/50-54Central Nuer District, by P.P. Bowcock, A.D.C.

[1950s]SAD.69/10/1-45Book of notes made by Howell during fieldwork with the SouthernDevelopment Investigation Team. Includes very brief and rough noteson such things as agriculture, livestock, cultivation, and water suppliesin various Nilotic tribal regions, with the following enclosures:

[1950s]SAD.69/10/2-3Outline of the work of the “Agricultural Company for the MiddleEast” in the Sudan1954 Mar 13SAD.69/10/4Letter to Howell from “Michael” concerning the types of pumpsto be employed in the Darfur region

1954SAD.69/11/1-12Report on a survey of the Dongotona mountain range, Equatoria,made in June 1954 by a team from University College of KhartoumFaculty of Agriculture at the request of the Southern DevelopmentInvestigation Team. Includes information on villages, agriculture,cultivation, and livestock

[1950s]SAD.69/11/13-23“A few facts about the Southern Sudan, the Upper Nile Province inparticular”, note [by Howell]

1955SAD.769/3/1-28Southern Development Investigation Team report on the mechanisedrice growing project at Malakal

[1980s]SAD.69/11/24First page of an article by Howell giving the historical background tothe origins of the Southern Development report

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4. Papers relating to the Jonglei Canal and Nile Waters

1952 - [1990s]SAD.70/1/1-171Papers, articles and speeches concerning the Jonglei Canal and NileWaters. Includes:

1952SAD.70/1/1-6“The Equatorial Nile Project”, ts. copy of an article by R.J. Smith,Director of Irrigation written for Sudan Monthly Review (Mar1952)[1977]SAD.70/1/7-18“Economic and social aspects of the various alignment proposalsfor the Jonglei Canal”, article by M.J.A. Payne, Senior Consultantto the United Nations Development Programme1978SAD.70/1/19-29Photocopy of “Environmental and socio-economic impact ofJonglei Canal project”, paper by A.M. Ibrahim for the InternationalCommission on Irrigation and Drainage, with separate commentsby John Sutcliffe, former member of the Jonglei InvestigationTeam[1970s]SAD.70/1/30-45“The environmental impact of the Jonglei Canal Project in theSudan”, paper by A.M. Ibrahim, Head, Projects ImplementationDivision AAAID, Sudan1981 NovSAD.70/1/46-78“Development of the Nile river system”, paper by A.M. Ibrahim,delivered to the Nile Valley Conference, Khartoum1982 OctSAD.70/1/79-86Review by H.W. Underhill, Hydrologist, of a report by J.V.Sutcliffe and Y.P. Parks entitled “A hydrological estimate of theeffect of the Jonglei Canal on areas of flooding”[1983]SAD.70/1/87-94“The design and construction of the Jonglei Project”, report byK.A. Mohamed for the Permanent Joint Technical Commissionfor Nile Waters1989SAD.70/1/96-114“The Equatorial Nile Project”, by E.J. Howell1990 AugSAD.70/1/115-118“White Nile control: environmental constraints to remedialdevelopment: summary background”, memorandum by Howell1991 JanSAD.70/1/119-146“An examination of a possible role for the World Bank infacilitating negotiations on Nile Water development andallocation” report by Dale Whittington, University of NorthCarolina with covering letters to J.A. Allan, School of Orientaland African Studies1993 MaySAD.70/1/147-151“Climate change and water resources in the Nile Basin”, paperby D. Conway, University of East Anglia, for a workshop onMiddle East and African water Issues held at the School ofOriental and African Studies

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[1990s]SAD.70/1/152-171“Reflections on the White Nile”, draft of talk [by Howell]

1959 - [1990s]SAD.70/2/1-64General papers relating to the Jonglei Canal and Nile Waters,including:

1959 May 1SAD.70/2/1-2Summary of points emerging from discussions at the ColonialOffice and Foreign Office on the issue of Nile Waters[1960s]SAD.70/2/3-6Memorandum outlining the activities in the Southern Region ofthe Permanent Joint Technical Commission on Nile Waters,forwarded to Howell by M.J. Durham, Ministry of OverseasDevelopment1977SAD.70/2/7-15“Development projects in the Jonglei area of the DemocraticRepublic of the Sudan: facts and figures”, memorandum issuedby the Sudan Government1982SAD.70/2/16-17Extract from a conference paper by an unknown author on theBor Production Farm1989SAD.70/2/18-19Copies of sections of a printed map of Upper Nile Provinceshowing areas reported flooded in 19881989SAD.70/20-21Notes and very rough sketch maps showing areas of flooding in1988-1989 around Kongor, Bahr al-Ghazal, and Paliau, Bahral-Ghazal[1980s]SAD.70/2/22Photocopy of a rough sketch map showing the tribaladministrative divisions of a region of southern Sudan [possiblypart of Upper Nile Province][1980s]SAD.70/2/23Photocopy of a rough sketch map showing the tribal areas of aregion of southern Sudan [possibly part of Upper Nile Province][1980s]SAD.70/2/24Photocopy of a rough sketch map showing the areas used forsettlement in wet season in a region of southern Sudan [possiblypart of Upper Nile Province][1980s]SAD.70/2/25-50Draft (part ts. and part ms) of a lecture, entitled 'Waters of theNile', given by [Howell] at the African Studies Centre [possiblyat Cambridge?][1980s]SAD.70/2/62-64“Objective of the Jonglei Canal Project”, memorandum by M.A.Mohamadan1990SAD.70/2/51-58Executive summary of a Global Water Policy and TechnologySummit convened by the United States Global Strategy Council

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[1990s]SAD.70/2/59-61“Nile hydropolitics: consequences of some recent climaticevents”, memorandum by J.A. Allan, School of Oriental andAfrican Studies

[1970s]SAD.70/3/1-114Papers concerning the Jonglei Canal (mostly relating to the beginningof the project), including:

1975 Apr 21SAD.70/3/1-36Report on a visit to Khartoum (2-12 March 1975), by G.E.Gischler, Specialist in Environmental Sciences, UNESCO.Annexe includes a report on the Environmental Consequencesof the Jonglei Canal1976 May 4SAD.70/3/37-40Minutes of a meeting held at the Ministry of Irrigation, under theChairmanship of Jonglei Canal Commissioner, Abdullahi M.Ibrahim. The meeting was called to discuss a report by UnitedNations Development Programme consultant, R. Berthelet andthe preparation of the projects to be included in the mid-termJonglei Development Programme1976 May 9SAD.70/3/41-45Minutes of a meeting held at the Ministry of Irrigation, under theauspices of the Jonglei Executive Organ, to discuss the projectsand proposals included in the UNDP Fact-finding Mission's reportof February 19761976 Oct 13SAD.70/3/46-50Minutes of a meeting of the Technical Co-ordinating Committeeheld at the Ministry of Irrigation under the auspices of the JongleiExecutive Organ, Jonglei Canal Development Projects1976 Nov 15SAD.70/3/51-59“A review of the status of natural resource, economic resourceand socio-economic surveys and proposed major projectsrequiring formulation and external financing”, report carried outas part of the mid-term research and development programmefor the Jonglei Canal area[1976]SAD.70/3/60-84Project proposals for projects to be carried out as part of theJonglei Canal Programme1977 Mar 16SAD.70/3/87-100Report by B.M.U. Bennell, Principal Engineering Adviser, Ministryof Overseas Development, on a visit to the Sudan (11-24 Feb1977) during which he was consulted on a number of projectsincluding the Wad Medani to Kosti road, the Northern PumpsSchemes, the Jonglei Project, and the South Darfur Project, withcovering note from Bennell to Howell1977 Nov 28SAD.70/3/101-104Note on the possible effects of the Jonglei Canal (such asflooding and river flows) by J.V. Sutcliffe, with covering note fromSutcliffe to Howell

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[1970s]SAD.70/3/106-112Outline of a proposal for a hydrological model of the sudd region

1975 May 21 – 1978 Jun 22SAD.70/4/1-69General correspondence relating to the Jonglei Canal Project, includingletters from E.B. Worthington, President of the International Councilof Scientific Unions Scientific Committee on Water Research, to G.E.Gischler, Specialist in Environmental Sciences, UNESCO, and Gischlerto Howell concerning a review of the findings of the former JongleiInvestigation Team (SAD.70/4/1-4); Howell to H.L. Teller, UNESCO,giving an overview of the Jonglei Project and the work of the JongleiInvestigation Team (SAD.70/4/7-10); Howell to Gischler concerningGischler's report on the Jonglei Project (SAD.70/4/12); two lettersfrom D.G. Lambert, British Embassy, Khartoum, to J.V. Kerby, Ministryof Overseas Development, concerning the involvement of the BritishGovernment in the Jonglei Canal Project (SAD.70/4/23-30); outlineproject proposal for the establishment of a buffalo breeding farm inthe Upper Nile, by Percy , with covering note to Howell(SAD.70/4/35-37); Howell to A.M. Turner, Ministry of OverseasDevelopment, concerning a meeting on the Jonglei Project at the ODM(SAD.70/4/38-43) and concerning Dutch involvement in the JongleiProject (SAD.70/4/48); Howell to R.M.U. Bennell, Ministry of OverseasDevelopment, concerning a hydrological model of the sudd(SAD.70/4/61); D. Johnson to Howell enclosing a copy of an articlefrom the Nile Mirror, “Jonglei Canal revisited”, 10 Feb 1979(SAD.70/4/64-65)

[1980s]SAD.70/5/1-37Copies of three talks given by Howell outlining the history, progressand purpose of the Jonglei Canal scheme. Includes two photocopiedmaps:

[1980s]SAD.70/5/36“The Tropical Nile southern section”, showing dams andtributariesScale: 1:4,000,00030 x 40 cm[1980s]SAD.70/5/37“The Tropical Nile northern section”, showing dams andtributariesScale: 1:4,000,00030 x 40 cm

[1980-1982]SAD.70/6/1-209Papers relating to the Jonglei Executive Organ (JEO):

1980 OctSAD.70/6/1-24Notes, prepared for a meeting of the JEO, concerning technicalassistance contracts awarded to Mefit-Babtie Srl. for rangeecology survey, livestock investigations, water supply and swampecology

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1981SAD.70/6/26-29“Dutch projects in the Bor area”, paper by Hans Bonarius, ProjectManager of Bor Area Development Activities, for the JEO Meetingfor co-ordination of 1982 work plans, Khartoum, 8-9 December1981[1982]SAD.70/6/30-31“Jonglei Canal Excavation”, progress report of the PermanentJoint Technical Commission (PJTC) to December 1981[1980]SAD.70/6/32-35“Activities of the PJTC in Jonglei Canal Project”by K.A.Mohamed, Permanent Joint Technical Commission1981 DecSAD.70/6/36-40“Report of the Consultant on Regional Planning and DevelopmentManagement in the Jonglei Canal area”, presented to the JEOsecond annual conference, Khartoum, 7-9 December 19811982 JanSAD.70/6/41-110“Report on meeting for co-ordination of Jonglei Executive Organwork plans, 1982”, Khartoum1982 OctSAD.70/6/111-118Report by Mefit-Babtie on range ecology, livestock investigationsand water supply studies, presented to the Jonglei ExecutiveOrgan third annual co-ordination meeting, Khartoum, 26-28October 19821982 OctSAD.70/6/119-120“Progress report on Jonglei Canal excavation”1982 OctSAD.70/6/121-140Ms. notes and minutes of the JEO third annual co-ordinationmeeting, Khartoum, 26-28 October 19821982 OctSAD.70/6/141-142Agenda of the JEO meeting for co-ordination of the 1983 workplans, 26-28 October 19821982 Oct 26SAD.70/6/143-146Introductory address by James Ajith Awuol, Commissioner ofthe JEO, to the JEO meeting for the co-ordination of the 1983work plans1982 Oct 26SAD.70/6/147-149Opening address by Joseph Lagu, Vice-President of the Republicof Sudan and Chairman of the National Council for theDevelopment Projects in Jonglei Canal area, to the JEO meetingfor the co-ordination of the 1983 work plans1982 Oct 26SAD.70/6/150-162“Forward planning for development in Jonglei Canal area”,presentation by Daniel Deng Yong, JEO Assistant Commissionerfor Planning and Economic Affairs, to the JEO meeting for theco-ordination of the 1983 work plans1982 Oct 26SAD.70/6/161-162“Outline of JEO work programme”, presentation by Majok A. Kur,JEO Assistant Commissioner, to the JEO meeting for theco-ordination of the 1983 work plans

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1982 Oct 26SAD.70/6/163-164“Malakal Office 1983 Workplan”, presentation by Simon AwokAwok, JEO Field Director, Malakal, to the JEO meeting for theco-ordination of the 1983 work plans1982 Oct 27SAD.70/6/165-172“Bor Area development activities (BADA): policy and workplans”,presentation by Hans Bonarius, BADA Project Manager, to theJEO meeting for the co-ordination of the 1983 work plans1982 Oct 27SAD.70/6/173-178Sudd Fisheries Development Programme 1982 report and 1983workplan, presented by Kristian Fremstad, SFDP Project Manger,to the JEO meeting for the co-ordination of the 1983 work plans1982 Oct 27SAD.70/6/179-182“Jonglei swamp ecology studies”, report by Mefit-Babtie for theJEO meeting for the co-ordination of the 1983 work plans1982 Oct 28SAD.70/6/183-184“Primary health care”, report by the Regional Ministry of Health/ Voluntary Service Overseas (VSO) Medical Team for the JEOmeeting for the co-ordination of the 1983 work plans1982 Oct 28SAD.70/6/185-197United Nations Development Programme – PhysicalInfrastructure Support Unit workplan for 1982/83 constructionprogramme, presented by J.E.C. Campbell, PISU ProjectManager, to the JEO meeting for the co-ordination of the 1983work plans1982 Oct 28SAD.70/6/198-201“Progress report on the activities of the Mobile Building Unit,Jonglei Province”, presentation to the JEO meeting for theco-ordination of the 1983 work plans[1982]SAD.70/6/202-209Project proposal for United Nations Capital Development Fundconcerning a project entitled “small-scale water off-take fromJonglei Canal, phase 1” by the Jonglei Executive Organ

1981SAD.70/7/1-52Papers from the Jonglei Province Conference for Planning andCo-ordinating Socio-Economic Development Activities, Bor, 20-23October 1981

1981 OctSAD.70/7/2-4Programme for the conference and key for the various papers1981 OctSAD.70/7/5-9“Jonglei Province: socio economic state of affairs, a frameworkfor planning”, reference paper written by the Steering Committee1981 OctSAD.70/7/10-18“The role of the Executive Organ in the development of JongleiProvince”, paper by James Ajith Awuol, Commissioner of theJEO1981 OctSAD.70/7/19-20Outline of the Bor Area Development Activities (BADA) project

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1981 OctSAD.70/7/21-22Outline of the Bor Production Farm (BDF) project1981 OctSAD.70/7/23Outline of the Rural Development Activities (RDA) project1981 OctSAD.70/7/24Outline of the Road Maintenance Unit (RMU) project1981 OctSAD.70/7/25-26Outline of the Primary Health Care Project (PHCP)1981 OctSAD.70/7/27-30Paper presented on “Agricultural extension in Bor Gok”1981 OctSAD.70/7/31-33Paper presented on “Development of new pastures in JongleiProvince”, by Otto v.d. Gronden1981 OctSAD.70/7/34-35Paper presented on the cattle breeding programme in Bor, byOtto v.d. Gronden1981 OctSAD.70/7/36Outline of support to veterinary activities project1981 OctSAD.70/7/37-38Outline of the Bor slaughterhouse project1981 OctSAD.70/7/39-40Paper presented on the livestock disease survey programme,by Anthony D.O. Badha1981 OctSAD.70/7/41-43Outline of the Bor afforestation project1981 OctSAD.70/7/44-46Outline of the Sudd Fisheries Development Programme1981 OctSAD.70/7/47Outline of the Rural Water Supply Project1981 OctSAD.70/7/48-50Discussion paper on the need for settlement planning in JongleiProvince1981 OctSAD.70/7/51Outline of a project to improve 50km of feeder roads in BorDistrict1981 OctSAD.70/7/52Outline of the Malek Appropriate Technology Centre project

1983SAD.70/8/1-107Papers from the Meeting for the Co-ordination of Jonglei ExecutiveOrgan work plans, Bor, 8-10 November 1983

1983 Nov 8SAD.70/8/1-2Introduction and opening speech by [James Ajith Awuol,Commissioner of the JEO]1983 Nov 8SAD.70/8/3-6Introductory message by Joseph Lagu, Vice-President of theRepublic of Sudan and Chairman of the National Council for theDevelopment Projects in Jonglei Canal Area

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1983 Nov 8SAD.70/8/7-9Welcoming speech of Nikanora M. Aguer, Sudan Socialist UnionSecretary and Commissioner of Jonglei Province1983 Nov 8SAD.70/8/10-23Report by Philip Deng Leek, JEO Assistant Commissioner forAdministration and Finance, outlining the background andprogress of the Jonglei Canal scheme1983 Nov 8SAD.70/8/24-27Report on the progress and future plans of the Sudd FisheriesDevelopment Programme by K. Fremstad, Project Co-ordinator1983 Nov 8SAD.70/8/28-43Work plan for integrated rural development in Kongor RuralCouncil 1983-19841983 Nov 8SAD.70/8/44-52Report on the activities and future plans of the AssociationEuropéenne pour l'Etude de l'Alimentation et du Développementde l'Enfant (ADE) by Z.L. Ostrowski1983 Nov 8SAD.70/8/53-58Brief outline of the Southern Area Council policy onsocio-economic development based on the council proceedings,by Majok A. Kur, chairman Southern Area Council1983 Nov 8SAD.70/8/59-92In depth summary of the Bor Area development activities outliningpast work, plans for future work, contribution to follow-upinvestment projects in the area, and the development programmefor the area1983 Nov 8SAD.70/8/93-98Report of the activities of Jonglei Executive Organ Field andForwarding Office at Malakal by Francis Barson Yousa, FieldDirector1983 Nov 8SAD.70/8/99-103Outline of development strategy for the Jonglei Canal area, byDaniel Deng Yong, JEO Assistant Commissioner for Planningand Economics Affairs1983 Oct 31SAD.70/8/104Note on a cattle rearing test farm developed by CCI[1983 Nov]SAD.70/8/105-107Ms. notes on a discussion on local flooding and agriculture

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5. Papers relating to human rights and charity organisations working in theSudan

1985 - 1994SAD.71/4/1-26General correspondence concerning issues of human rights and aid:

1985 NovSAD.71/4/1-2Letter to John Howell from “TK” concerning a proposal toinvestigate the effectiveness of Non-Governmental Organisations(NGOs) in distributing aid1988 Jun 16SAD.71/4/3Letter from [Howell] to [?] concerning an article on the southernSudan by Douglas Johnson with brief reference to the politicalposition of Sadiq al-Mahdi1989 Jan 4SAD.71/4/4-6Letter to Howell from Sir Gawain Bell concerning War Woundsby A.R.A.Z. Ahmed et al, with review of the book1990 Jan 30SAD.71/4/8-10Copy of a circular letter from John Ryle, Save the Children Fund(UK), to the editors of the New York Review of Books and variouswriters and academics highlighting the worsening human rightssituation in Sudan1991 Jul 24SAD.71/4/11Letter to Howell from John Kenrick concerning the increasingpolitical dominance of the Muslim Brotherhood in Sudan1992 Jan 30SAD.71/4/12-13Letter to Howell from John Kenrick mostly concerning thereported plan for China to provide Sudan Government withmilitary hardware paid for by Iran and Kenrick's attempts to bringthis to the attention of the British Government1992 Dec 11SAD.71/4/14Letter to Howell from John Kenrick concerning proposals drawnup by Philip Winter to enforce aid corridors in southern Sudan1993 Jun 12SAD.71/4/16-21Letter to Howell from John Kenrick enclosing a copy of theconstitution of the Sudan Human Rights Organisation1993 Aug 6-Sep 27SAD.71/4/22-24Letters from Baroness Chalker to Alan Haselhurst, MP,concerning the UN Operation Lifeline Sudan1994 Jan 6SAD.71/4/25-26Letter from John Howell, Director of the Overseas DevelopmentInstitute, to Dr Carey, Archbishop of Canterbury, concerningCarey's visit to southern Sudan

1988 - 1990SAD.71/5/1-31Papers and correspondence relating to an investigative mission bythe Anti-Slavery Society to Sudan. Includes:

1988SAD.71/5/1-3Report by the Anti-Slavery Society on slavery in the Sudan,submitted to the United Nations Working Group on Slavery

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1989 Feb 2SAD.71/5/5-6Letter from Howell to Margaret Beard, Noel-Buxton Trust,explaining the re-emergence of slavery in Sudan and the reasonsbehind the Anti-Slavery Society mission1989 Feb 5SAD.71/5/7-8Short ms. letter from Sir Bernard de Bunsen concerning thedifferences between the Noel-Buxton Trust and the Anti-SlaverySociety[1989]SAD.71/5/14Letter from Isam Abugideri, Under Secretary, Ministry of ForeignAffairs, Khartoum, to Peter Lowes, Director of the Anti-SlaverySociety, giving permission, with conditions, from the Sudangovernment to the ASS to carry out a mission to Sudan1989 Feb 11SAD.71/5/15-20,27-30“Slavery in the Sudan”, a project proposal for the Anti-SlaverySociety mission to Sudan. Includes draft budget and coveringletter from Howell to Peter Lowes

1989 Feb 19 – 1992 Sep 27SAD.71/6/1-74Papers relating to the Save the Children Fund (UK). Includes:

1989 Feb 19SAD.71/6/18Letter from Howell to John Ryle, SCF (UK), concerning a reportby Ryle on displaced southern Sudanese1989 Dec – 1990 Sep 12SAD.71/6/44-65“SRRA Northern Sobat Basin Agriculture and FisheriesRehabilitation Project: a report to Save the Children Fund (UK)”,by John Ryle, with related letters between Howell and Ryle1990 MarSAD.71/6/19-43“SRRA Sobat Basin Agriculture and Fisheries Project: a reportto Save the Children Fund (UK) with recommendations for SCF'sfuture role in SPLA-held areas of Southern Sudan”, by John Ryle1992 FebSAD.71/6/66-71“Notes on war, drought and flood in some areas ofSPLM/A-administered Bahr-el-Ghazal”, by John Ryle, SCF (UK)1992 JulSAD.71/6/1-17“Displaced Southern Sudanese in parts of Bahr-el-Ghazal andEquatoria: a report to Save the Children Fund (UK)”, by JohnRyle1992 Sep 27SAD.71/6/72-74Photocopy of a letter from Philip Winter, SCF (UK), to AndrewTimpson, SCF (UK), outlining issues the United Nations SecurityCouncil should consider with regard to the situation in southernSudan

1989-1990SAD.71/7/1-97Articles, reports and other papers concerning politics and human rightsin Sudan:

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1989 Oct 20SAD.71/7/1-40Final report and recommendations of the Steering Committeefor National Dialogue on Peace Issues, which met at Khartoum9 Sep – 21 Oct 1989. Includes ms. annotations questioning manyof the recommendations.[1990] Jan 13SAD.71/7/41-53Draft of a chapter on slavery in the Sudan by Alex de Waal foran Africa Watch report on human rights in the Sudan1990 JanSAD.71/7/54-58“Peace in Sudan”, a research proposal by the Peace in SudanGroup[1990s]SAD.71/7/59-70“A new political structure for the Sudan”, by Ahmed IbrahimDiraige[1991]SAD.71/7/71-97“Peace in Sudan”, a paper by [Dereig/Diraige?] outlining thehistory and political and military situations in the Sudan, alongwith “an agenda for a peaceful Sudan”

[1980s - 1990s]SAD.71/8/1-79Papers relating to aid, politics and human rights in the Sudan:

[1990s]SAD.71/8/1Photocopy of sketch map of Dar Messeria, showing seasonalmovements and zonesScale: Approx. 1:2,000,00021 x 17 cm[1990s]SAD.71/8/2Photocopy of a printed map showing the “main concentrationsof displaced people in the Khartoum area” (adapted from a UnitedNations map as of October 1988)Scale: Approx. 1:130,00021 x17 cm1991 Jan 26SAD.71/8/3-6Article from the Independent Magazine entitled “Famine withoutrelief”, by John Ryle, on the issue of famine in Sudan1986 Jul 9SAD.71/8/7-27Letter to Howell from Ambrose R. Thiik, Sudan Relief andRehabilitation Association, enclosing various papers relating tothe SRRA:1985 Dec 18SAD.71/8/7-8“Brief summary of the aims and programme of Sudan Relief andRehabilitation Association (SRRA)”1986 Jun 25SAD.71/8/9-15“Appeal for funds and material for SRRA Office and CommunityCentre”[1980s]SAD.71/8/21-27Constitution of the Sudan Relief and Rehabilitation Association,registered under the British Charities Act

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1986 Oct 31SAD.71/8/28-46Note on “food security in the Sudan”, by Simon Maxwell, outlininga project looking at food aid and security in Sudan[1986]SAD.71/8/47-59“Food security issues in the Sudan”, a memorandum by [SimonMaxwell][1980s]SAD.71/8/60“British aid in the Middle East”, first page of a talk given by[Howell]1989 Mar 13SAD.71/8/61-76“A reporter at large: famine”, photocopy of article from The NewYorker, by Raymond Bonner, on famine in the Sudan[1980s]SAD.71/8/77Map of Sudan annotated with the general locations of the maintribesScale: Approx. 1 : 10,000,00027 x 21 cm[1989]SAD.71/8/78“Leadership of Sudan fights for its survival”, article from theIndependent, by Richard Dowden1985SAD.71/8/79“Five ways to Islamize and Arabise Southern Sudan”, ts. copyof an extract from a lecture by Sadiq al-Mahdi

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6. General papers relating to Sudan and wider Africa

[1960-1961]SAD.71/9/1-30“The Nilotic South”, chapter from T.R.H. Owen's memoirs, “Sudanways”, giving a picture of the day-to-day life of a Sudan PoliticalService official in southern Sudan

1974 Aug – OctSAD.71/9/31-56Report on a visit to the Sudan (29 July – 4 August 1974) by W.A.Dodd, Education Adviser to the Overseas Development Administration,giving an overview of the education system in the Sudan, with coveringletters to Howell from R. Cruise O'Brien, Institute of DevelopmentStudies, University of Sussex

1984 OctSAD.71/9/57-65“The Sudan: which way now?”, draft article by A. Mawson concerningthe political and economic crisis in the Sudan following the signing ofthe Addis Ababa agreement in 1972, with covering note from Mawsonto Howell

1985 MaySAD.71/9/66-122“The dynamics of open-range management and property rights inpastoral Africa”, draft report by R.H. Behnke, prepared for theOverseas Development Institute

1988 FebSAD.71/9/123-140“Science and technology in Africa, the institutional framework: a Britishperspective”, paper by W.A.C. Mathieson, former Deputy Secretary,British Ministry of Overseas Development, submitted to the USAcademy of Sciences, with covering letter from Mathieson to Howell

1990 FebSAD.71/9/141-149“A new political structure for the Sudan II”, paper by A.I. Diraige writtenas a sequel to an earlier article

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7. Academic and Research Papers

Papers relating to Howell's own studies at undergraduate and doctoral level1937 Jul 4 – Aug 2SAD.71/10/1-24Personal diary of a research trip by Howell to Kodok, Upper NileProvince, to work among the Shilluk. Includes a transcript of aconversation between the reth and the District Commissioner with adescription of the proper way to address the reth; notes on the ritualsinvolved in the ceremony of the installation of the reth; meetings withthe reth and tours around various places of significance to the Shilluk;a description of a burial ceremony; common difficulties surroundingthe payment of bride-wealth; and criticisms of the government's attitudetowards the Shilluk1933 - [1973]SAD.71/11/1-148Lecture notes, articles and correspondence relating to Howell'sacademic studies, Iicludes:

1933SAD.71/11/1-21“The intellectualist (English) interpretation of magic”, an essayby E.E. Evans-Pritchard, extracted from The Bulletin of theFaculty of Arts, University of Egypt, vol. 1 part 21934SAD.71/11/22-36“Levy-Bruhl's theory of primitive mentality”, an essay by E.E.Evans-Pritchard, extracted from The Bulletin of the Faculty ofArts, University of Egypt, vol. 2 part 11936 Sep 14SAD.71/11/37-97Account of a trip to study the Anuak in Upper Nile Province in1935, by E.E. Evans-Pritchard, with covering note byEvans-Pritchard to various recipients1936 Sep 14SAD.71/11/98Letter from E.E. Evans-Pritchard to Howell concerning Howell'sand his own work on the Nuer1947SAD.71/11/99-108Ms. notes on lectures given by the anthropologist Meyer Fortes,including notes taken from lectures on changing structure inWest Africa, problems of social change, and mobility[1940s]SAD.71/11/109-127Ms. notes on lectures given by the anthropologist E.E.Evans-Pritchard, including notes taken from lectures on kinshipsystems, Nuer marriage systems, marriage articulation, marriageceremonies, and bridewealth1949 Nov 6SAD.71/11/128-132Draft letter from Howell to E.E. Evans-Pritchard concerning theShilluk chapter of Howell's D.Phil thesis[1950s]SAD.71/11/133-136Notes by [Howell] on the history of anthropology in the Sudanprepared for a talk or article

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[1973]SAD.71/11/139-148Copy of an address by Howell to the Royal AnthropologicalSociety on the subject of the life and work of the anthropologist,C.G. Seligman

[1940s]SAD.72/1/1-144Lecture notes and research notes from Howell's DPhil studies.Includes:

[1947]SAD.72/1/1-11Transcript of lecture by [?] on the development of law and politicalconsolidationTitled “Lecture XVI”[1947]SAD.72/1/12-21Transcript of lecture by [?] on political systems and homicideTitled “Lecture XVII”[1940s]SAD.72/1/22-49Extensive ms. notes on a lecture on primitive law by [theanthropologist, A.R. Radcliffe-Brown]. Includes notes onretributive justice, restitutive justice, rights and duties, and statusamongst tribal societies[1948]SAD.72/1/50-60Ms. notes on a lecture by the anthropologist, Max Gluckman onlaw amongst tribal societies[1948]SAD.72/1/61-78Ms. notes by Howell on lectures by J.G. Peristiany mostly oncustom, law, justice and sanctions amongst tribal societies[1948]SAD.72/1/79-85Ms. notes by Howell on homicide in A.S. Diamond's PrimitiveLaw (London: 1935)[1947-1949]SAD.72/1/86-144Ms. notes by Howell, mostly on law and justice taken from variouslectures and publications including lectures by A.R. RadcliffeBrown and E.E. Evans-Pritchard

1948-1949SAD.72/2/1-83“P.P. Howell. Notes taken in 1948-9”. Extensive ms. and ts. notes onShilluk society and law made by Howell in preparation for his DPhilthesis “A comparative study of customary law among the cattle owningtribes in the southern Sudan ” (1950). Includes notes on homicide,the marital system, divorce, adultery, bridewealth, social organisation,kinship groups and territorial division among the Shilluk and Shillukclans, the age-grade system and its relation to the podh (settlement),agriculture and cattle-breeding, social structure of the podh, war andweapons, and housing1950SAD.72/3-72/6Howell's DPhil thesis, “A comparative study of customary law amongthe cattle-owning tribes in the southern Sudan”

Part I, “Nuer law”: Chapter 1, “Introduction” and Chapter 2,“Homicide and bodily Injury”

SAD.72/3/1-164

Part I, “Nuer law”. Chapter 3: “Marriage and marriage laws” andChapter 4: “The violation of rights in women”

SAD.72/4/1-211

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Part I, “Nuer law”. Chapter 5: “Property rights”; Chapter 6:“Religious concepts in relation to law” and Chapter 7: “The natureof Nuer law”

SAD.72/5/1-124

Part 2, “Dinka and Shilluk law”. Chapter 1: “Introductory”; Chapter2:“Homicide”; Chapter 3: “Marriage and marriage laws”; Chapter4: “The violation of rights in women”; and Chapter 5: “Witchcraft”.

SAD.72/6/1-281

Appendices include: bibliography; table showing human andcattle population statistics of Nuer tribes, some Dinka tribes andthe Shilluk; transcript of the “Chief's Court Ordinance, 1931”;scales of compensation for bodily injuries: 1945, showing howmany cattle should be awarded for various injuries [accordingto Nuer law]; evidence from Dinka tribes on customary law,mainly extracted from administrative correspondence and reports;and a brief note on witchcraft and Dinka law. The appendicesalso include two maps:1941SAD.72/6/254Map showing the tribal areas in Upper Nile ProvinceScale: 1:3,000,00032 x 32 cm1941SAD.72/6/255Map showing tribal areas in EquatoriaScale: 1:3,000,00030 x 50 cm

1950SAD.72/7/1-19Abstract of Howell's DPhil thesis, “A comparative study of customarylaw among the cattle-owning tribes in the Southern Sudan”

1966 Oct 15 – 1982 Oct 28SAD.73/1/1-174Papers and correspondence relating to Howell's directorship of theOverseas Development course at Cambridge University. Includesmaterial relating to the administration of the course along with paperson the issue of co-operation with the University of Khartoum.

[1970s]SAD.73/2/1-50Copies of papers presented at a series of seminars entitled “Colonialrule and local response in the 19th and 20th centuries” held at theUniversity of London, Institute of Commonwealth Studies. Includes:

[1970s]SAD.73/2/6-17“Sources of economic change in a Cinderella dependency: theSouthern Sudan, 1898-1955”, by J. Tosh[1970s]SAD.73/2/18-20“Colonial rule and Nuer response”, by P.P. Howell[1970s]SAD.73/2/21-25“Some problems in the consolidation of national independencein Africa: the case of the French expatriates in Senegal”, by R.Cruise O'Brien1976 Mar 11SAD.73/2/25-40“Some problems of colonial rule and local response in theSouthern Sudan, c.1900 – c.1920”, by G.N. Sanderson

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[1970s]SAD.73/2/41-45“Prophets, magic and the government among the Nuer”, by D.H.Johnson[1970s]SAD.73/2/46-50“British coffee planters in 19th century Ceylon”, by T.J. Barron

1975 Feb 8 – 1991 Jun 21SAD.73/3-73/4Papers and correspondence relating to Howell's relationship withDouglas Johnson and his involvement in Johnson's work and career:

1975 Feb 8 – 1991 Jun 12SAD.73/3/1-115Correspondence mainly between Howell and Douglas Johnson,though also including letters to and from others, mostlyconcerning Johnson's own academic work and career. Includes:letters from Johnson to Howell outlining the results of his fieldwork conducted around Mogok-Ayod and Waat, in support ofhis doctoral research on Nilotic prophets (SAD.73/3/3-4));Johnson to Howell discussing the completion of his field workand archival research in Khartoum along with some of his findings(SAD.73/3/6-7); Howell to Johnson on the role of the prophet asan indigenous authority (SAD.73/3/8); Johnson to Howelldiscussing his involvement in the establishment of a regionalarchive in Juba and aims to collect archives from various sources,his efforts to locate former District Commissioners of the SudanPolitical Service, and his interest in slavers on the Bahr al-Zeraf(SAD.73/3/13-14); Johnson to Howell regarding his appointmentas Assistant Director for Archives, Juba and his efforts to contactformer members of the SPS and others who served in the Sudan(SAD.73/3/23); J.O. Udal, Assistant District Commissioner,Malakal and Shilluk District, to D.C. Driver, District Commissioner,Malakal and Shilluk District, (1952) concerning the role of thebeny (war lord) among the Shilluk (SAD.73/3/30); Johnson toHowell concerning reports of prophecies made by the Nuerprophet Gwek Ngundeng (SAD.73/3/31-32); Johnson to Howell,in response to a critique of a paper by Howell, mostly concerningthe relationship between prophets and the governmentadministrative structure and the Southern policy of the Britishadministration in the Sudan (SAD.73/3/45-46); John Winder toJohnson, discussing the administration of the Nuer duringWinder's time as District Commissioner, Fangak, Upper NileProvince (SAD.73/3/50-51); Johnson to Howell concerningcultivation in Kongor (SAD.73/3/53-54); Howell to Johnson givingextensive comments on Johnson's book on Percy Coriat(SAD.73/3/78-80); Howell to Johnson giving comments onJohnson's book on Percy Coriat, with responses from Johnson(SAD.73/3/97-102); Johnson to Howell concerning Johnson'swork with the World Food Programme assessment team forOperation Lifeline Sudan (SAD.73/3/108); Johnson to Howelland J.M. Locke to Johnson concerning the Dinka names forvarious grasses and weeds (SAD.73/3/109,112); Johnson toHowell concerning Nile flooding in 1987/89 (SAD.73/3/113);

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Johnson to Howell mostly concerning the collapse of governmentauthority in South West Ethiopia (SAD.73/3/114).Howell filed much of his correspondence with Douglas Johnsonseparately from his general correspondence. However, lettersbetween him and Johnson appear elsewhere including amongstthe general correspondence and the correspondence relating tothe Jonglei Canal book and conferenceEnclosures:1977 JanuarySAD.73/3/11-12Preliminary outline of Johnson's thesis on Nuer prophets of thelate 19th century1984 JuneSAD.73/3/34-39An evaluation of Johnson's thesis, “History and Prophecy amongthe Nuer of the Southern Sudan”, written by Howell for theAmerican Studies Centre at Cambridge1977 Nov 21 - 1991 Mar 6SAD.73/4/1-175Papers by, and relating to, Douglas Johnson, including articlesand presentations. Includes:1977 Nov 21SAD.73/4/1-28“Nuer Prophets: the problem of politics and religion”, lecturegiven by Johnson at the Department of Anthropology, Universityof Manchester[1980]SAD.73/4/139-171Copy of an appendix, entitled “Floods, events and populationmovements on the Bahr al-Jabal and Bahr al-Zaraf, c.1820-1901”, and bibliography, both extracts from Johnson's PhDthesis1985 AugSAD.73/4/29-56“Fighting the Flood: Jonglei pastoralists and natural disasters inthe 20th century”, presentation given by Johnson at a Parisworkshop on African Pastoralism (26-27 Aug 1985)1988 Jan 2SAD.73/4/57-118Draft preface and introduction to a book by Johnson on thewritings of Percy Coriat on the Nuer, with covering note fromJohnson to Howell1988 Jul 9SAD.73/4/119-129“Salim Wilson: a Dinka Yorkshireman”, lecture presented byJohnson in honour of Godfrey Lienhardt, Wolfson College, Oxford1991 Mar 6SAD.73/4/130-138“Tribe or nationality? The Sudanese diaspora in East Africa”,paper given by Johnson at an African history seminar at theSchool of Oriental and African Studies, University of London1985 JulSAD.73/4/172-173Letter of reference for Johnson written by Howell concerning adirectorship at the Centre for Development and InternationalStudies, Queen Elizabeth House, University of Oxford[1986]SAD.73/4/174-175Research proposal by Johnson for a Smuts Research Fellowshipin Commonwealth Studies, at the Centre of African Studies,Cambridge, on the history of military slavery in the Sudan

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1979 Mar 12 – Dec 12SAD.73/5/1-54Research application for ESCOR funding and related correspondencefor “A study of the spontaneous settlement of nomads in WesternSudan”, by Julius Holt. Includes budgetary details and details of theresearch project itself.

[1980s]SAD.68/6/1-64Draft of a chapter from a publication by S.E. Hutchinson [possiblyNuer dilemmas: coping with money, war, and the state] on the Nuerrelationship with money

1986SAD.68/7/1-58“Changing concepts of homicide among the Nuer”, draft of an articleby A. Mawson

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8. Papers concerning Publications

(a) Papers relating to the publication The Jonglei Canal: impact and opportunity, editedby P.P. Howell, M. Lock and S. Cobb, and the preceeding Royal Geographical SocietySymposium, “The Impact of the Jonglei Canal in the Sudan” (5 October 1982) from whichthe book originated.

1981 Apr 23 – 1991 Feb 25

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1981 Apr 23 – 1983 Dec 29SAD.73/6/1-149Correspondence relating to the Jonglei Canal Conference and thesubsequent related publication. The correspondence covers some ofthe initial arrangements for the conference, though it mainly consistsof letters between Howell and contributors to the subsequentpublication ( The Jonglei Canal: impact and opportunity) on issuessuch as draft contributions and publishing. Also included amongst thecorrespondence are editions 3-5 (March 1981 – July 1982) of the“Jonglei factsheet” issued by the Executive Organ National Councilfor the Development of the Jonglei Canal Area. Some of thecorrespondence also addresses various unrelated and personalmatters.1984 Jan 5 – Dec 28SAD.73/7/1-127Correspondence relating to the publication The Jonglei Canal: impactand opportunity. The correspondence mainly consists of lettersbetween Howell, the various contributors and others involved in thebook on issues such as draft chapters, the arrangement of the book,design, publishing arrangements and funding. Some of thecorrespondence also addresses various unrelated and personalmatters.1985 Jan 1 – Dec 29SAD.74/1/1-188Correspondence relating to the publication The Jonglei Canal: impactand opportunity. The correspondence mainly consists of lettersbetween Howell, the various contributors and others involved in thebook on issues such as draft chapters, the arrangement of the book,design, publishing arrangements and funding. Some of thecorrespondence also addresses various unrelated and personalmatters.1986 Jan 12 – Dec 18SAD.74/2/1-184Correspondence relating to the publication The Jonglei Canal: impactand opportunity. The correspondence mainly consists of lettersbetween Howell, the various contributors and others involved in thebook on issues such as drafts and finished chapters, amendments,the arrangement of the book, design, publishing arrangements andfunding, along with discussions of technical issues relating to theJonglei Canal, such as “sheet flooding”. Some of the correspondencealso addresses various unrelated and personal matters.1987 Jan 1 – Dec 11SAD.74/3/1-77Correspondence relating to the publication The Jonglei Canal: impactand opportunity. The correspondence mainly consists of lettersbetween Howell and others involved in the book on issues such asamendments, publishing, design, arrangement of the book, andillustrations. Some of the correspondence also addresses variousunrelated and personal matters.1988 Feb 11 – 1991 Feb 25SAD.74/4/1-141Correspondence relating to the publication The Jonglei Canal: impactand opportunity. The correspondence mainly consists of lettersbetween Howell and others involved in the book on issues such as

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final amendments, publishing, design, arrangement of the book,illustrations, financial matters regarding production, promotion anddistribution. Some of the correspondence also addresses variousunrelated and personal matters. Also mentioned frequently towardsthe end of the file is the organisation of the upcoming Nile Watersconference convened by Howell, the Royal Geographical Society andthe School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London.1982SAD.74/5/1-133Copies of papers presented at the Royal Geographical SocietySymposium, “The Impact of the Jonglei Canal in the Sudan” andrelated material. Includes:

1982 Oct 5SAD.74/5/1List of speakers attending the conference1982 Oct 5SAD.74/5/2Conference programme1982SAD.74/5/3-21“The conservation projects of the Nile and irrigation developmentin the Sudan”, paper presented by Yahia Abdel Magid, formerMinister of Irrigation in the Sudan1982SAD.74/5/22-37A retrospective account of the opening paper “Conservationprojects of the Nile and irrigation development in the Sudan”,presented by Sayed Yahia Abdel Magid, former Minister ofIrrigation in the Sudan1982SAD.74/5/38-47“The Equatorial Nile Project and the Jonglei Canal”, paperpresented by Howell, giving a historical account of the JongleiProject1982SAD.74/5/48-61“A preliminary assessment of areas seasonally flooded in theBahr el Jebel swamps”, paper presented by J.V. Sutcliffe andY.P. Parks, Institute of Hydrology, Wallingford1982 Oct 5SAD.74/5/62-92“The Jonglei Canal and endogenous change: a new frameworkfor policy analysis”, paper presented by Steven W. Lawry, formerUNDP Consultant on Regional Planning and DevelopmentManagement in the Jonglei Canal Area1982SAD.74/5/93-108Untitled paper presented by James Ajith Awuol mainly on theNational Council for the Development Projects in Jonglei CanalArea1982SAD.74/5/109-120“Planning for the development of landuse in the Jonglei CanalArea”, paper presented by Jonathan Jenness, ProjectManager/Landuse Planner, United Nations DevelopmentProgramme

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1982SAD.74/5/121-127Retrospective summary of the papers presented by StephenCobb, Jonathan Kingdon and David Jones which focused onaspects of the terrestrial ecosystem1982SAD.74/5/128-130Retrospective summary of “The effect of the Jonglei Canal onareas of flooding”, by J.W. Sutcliffe and Y.P. Parks, Institute ofHydrology, Wallingford1982SAD.74/5/131-133“ Recent developments in Nile Control: proceedings of aConference held by the Royal Geographical Society of Londonon the Jonglei Canal Project”, with an overview of the plannedpublication

1989 – 1990SAD.74/6/1-39Reviews of The Jonglei Canal: impact and opportunity from varioussources including Sudan Studies, Africa, Water ResourcesDevelopment, American Anthropologist, African Economic History,African Affairs, and Hydrological Sciences Journal[1940-1984]SAD.74/7/1-55Copies of papers originally belonging to John Winder used by Howellin his research for his own contribution to The Jonglei Canal: impactand opportunity. Includes:

1983 May 15-30SAD.74/7/1-2Letter from J. Winder to Howell accompanying the papers andmentioning Winder's contribution to K.D.D. Henderson's bookon the history of the Sudan Political Service, with brief reply fromHowell1940 MaySAD.74/7/3-15Photocopy of “Notes on the proposed Jonglei Scheme”, a reportby Winder, written when he was District Commissioner, ZerafDistrict. The report deals with hydrological, zoological, andagricultural aspects of the proposed Jonglei scheme and outlinesthe estimated effects of the first and second stages of thescheme.1940SAD.74/7/16Photocopy of a sketch map (titled “Sketch Map No 1”) drawn byJohn Winder, “illustrating water system, living areas and cattlemigrations in Zeraf District, 1940”Scale: [1:1,000,000]33 x 21 cm[1940]SAD.74/7/17Photocopy of a sketch map (titled “Sketch Map No 2”) drawn byJohn Winder, “illustrating where water levels in a canal aredesigned to be above or below land levels”Scale: 1:1,000,00033 x 21 cm1946 Dec 23SAD.74/7/18-19“Nilotic economics”, a note by Winder based on his experiencein the Upper Nile Province

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1951 Nov 7SAD.74/7/20-33“A discourse on the White Nile”, presentation by Winder to theSudan Cultural Centre1982 Nov 15SAD.74/7/34-41Note by by Robert O. Collins on “Compagnie de ConstructionesInternational”, the company reponsible for the construction ofthe Jonglei Canal1984 DecSAD.74/7/42-55Photocopy of “An outline of the part I was to play in the JongleiScheme Investigation”, a personal account by Winder, with briefcovering note by Howell

Other material relating to The Jonglei Canal: impact and opportunity.Includes:

SAD.74/8/1-105

[1988]“Notes on the Jonglei Canal book”, by Howell[1988]SAD.74/8/4-8“The Jonglei Canal project”, brief notes on the history of theJonglei canal and the book[1980s]SAD.74/8/9-35Photocopy of a chapter entitled “The system of land tenure”,from an [unpublished?] book by H.A. Kadouf, with covering letterfrom A. Mawson to Howell. Chapter mostly concerns the DInkaand the toich, which they use for grazing cattle[1980s]SAD.74/8/36-46“Some remarks concerning the effects of the Jonglei Canal onpeople and the local economy”, ms. notes written by [SjoerdZanen][1983]SAD.74/8/47-49Ts. note concerning the article “The Equatorial Nile Project andits effects in the Sudan” by the Jonglei Investigation Team (TheGeographical Journal, March 1953) and the aim of the new book[1980s]SAD.74/8/51-55Ts. note on the subject of “creeping flow”, by Howell, withcovering letter to M. Locke[1980s]SAD.74/8/56-58Extract from [Pengko Plain Development Study by InternationalLand Development Consultants] discussing surface hydrologyon the eastern plain1981SAD.74/8/59-63Extract from the Pengko Plain Development Study (volume 1),by the International Land Development Consultants Ltd., on“creeping flow”1984SAD.74/8/64Photocopy of a rough “sketch map showing mean annualdischarges and existing control works as well as those originallyproposed under the Unified Nile Valley Scheme”

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[1980s]SAD.74/8/65Ts. notes by Howell on “Milk yields and consumption” (drawingupon the report on development studies in the Jonglei CanalArea, by Mefit-Babtie Srl.)[1980s]SAD.74/8/66Ts. note on climate in the Jonglei area, by Howell[1980s]SAD.74/8/67-72Note on “sheet flooding” by R.L. Raikes1982SAD.74/8/73Photocopy of an article by D.P. Shaw and D. Leather, “Half-builtcanal still cause for dispute”, from Geographical Magazine[1980s]SAD.74/8/74-79Ts. notes on “areas, and changes in area, of swamp and toic” ,by Roland Bailey1986 Nov 20SAD.74/8/80-105“The Jonglei Canal: the past and present of a future”, Trevelyanlecture given by R. O. Collins at Trevelyan College, DurhamUniversity

(b) Papers relating to a conference on Nile Waters convened by Howell, the RoyalGeographical Society and the School of Oriental and African Studies, University ofLondon, (2-3 May 1990). These papers also relate to the subsequent publication TheNile: sharing a scarce resource, edited by P. P. Howell and J. A. Allan, which came aboutas a direct result of the conference.

1987 Oct 6 – 1993 Nov 11

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1987 Oct 6 – 1989 Dec 23SAD.75/1/1-126Correspondence relating to the Nile Waters Conference. Containscorrespondence between Howell and contributors and organisers,including representatives of the RGS and SOAS and variousacademics, concerning planning and preliminary arrangements forthe conference. Some of the correspondence also addresses variousunrelated and personal matters.1990 Jan 1 – 1990 Mar 30SAD.75/2/1-119Correspondence relating to the Nile Waters Conference. Containscorrespondence between Howell and contributors and organisers,including representatives of the RGS and SOAS and variousacademics, concerning planning, preliminary arrangements for theconference, and applications for funding from the World Bank. Someof the correspondence also addresses various unrelated and personalmatters.1990 Apr 3 – 1990 Dec 26SAD.75/3/1-120Correspondence relating to the Nile Waters Conference. Containscorrespondence between Howell and contributors and organisers,concerning final arrangements, reactions to the conference and thevarious papers presented. Also includes correspondence relating toinitial work on a proposed publication based around the conference.Some of the correspondence also addresses various unrelated andpersonal matters.1991 Feb 18 – 1993 Nov 11SAD.75/4/1-65Correspondence relating to The Nile: sharing a scarce resource, editedby Howell and J. A. Allan. Includes correspondence concerning thedrafts and contributions of the various authors, publishing, and thedesign of the book. Some of the correspondence also addressesvarious unrelated and personal matters.1990SAD.75/5/1-64Papers given at the RGS and SOAS Nile Waters Conference, 1990.Includes:

1990SAD.75/5/1-36“White Nile control: environmental constraints to remedialdevelopment”, paper given by [Howell]. Includes tables, charts,maps and other illustrations relating to Nile waters.1990SAD.75/5/37-46“White Nile control: environmental constraints to remedialdevelopment: summary background”, handout to accompanypresentation by [Howell]1990SAD.75/5/47-64“Privatization, nationalization, inter-continentalization, orcollectivisation of the Nile: a short note presented to the LondonNile Conference”, by E Shetu Chabo, Africa Dept., SOAS.Includes photocopies of some source material, including:1990 Feb 5SAD.75/5/54-55“The politics of water”, article by J. C. Rubin from Time magazine

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1816SAD.75/5/56-57Map of Abyssinia copied from A Voyage to Abyssinia and travelsinto the interior of that country by Henry Salt[1990]SAD.75/5/59-64Sections of an aviation map of Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, Sudan,Uganda, and Zaire

1990SAD.75/6/1-88Material relating to the RGS and SOAS Nile Waters Conference, 1990.Includes:

1990SAD.75/6/1-5Note on “Nile flows in relation to Owen Falls” with photocopiedextract from an unknown article on hydroelectric schemes1990SAD.75/6/7-8“Notes for opening of conference”, by Howell1990 MaySAD.75/6/9“Notes for Sir Michael Weir for the opening address of the NileConference – 2 – 3 May”, by J.A. Allan1990 MaySAD.75/6/10-11“Conference on the Nile Water: East African interests”, summaryguide on the subject of “water requirements” and “conflictinginterests” within East African countries1990 MaySAD.75/6/12-18Notes on a discussion on the paper presented by Michael Hulme,to the Nile Waters Conference, on climate change and the NileBasin, with attached graphs showing the “equilibrium lake levelsand outflows” and the “estimated areas of flooding, Bor toMalakal”1990 MaySAD.75/6/19-20“Report on the International Conference on the Nile”, by J.A.Allan, providing a brief analysis of the event1990 MaySAD.75/6/21-27“The Nile Conference”, English original of a fairly extensive articlethat later appeared in Al Hayat, by Susannah Tarbush, giving asummary analysis of the proceedings, success of the conferenceand surrounding issues1990 MaySAD.75/6/28-35Brief abstracts of papers presented by Adel S. El Beltagy, B.Kandana and P. Kahangire, R. Stoner, and T. Evans1990SAD.75/6/36-81“The Nile: resource evaluation, resource management,hydropolitics and legal issues”, extensive draft article by Howelland J.A. Allan summarising many of the papers given at the NileWaters Conference1990 Feb 9 – Oct 8SAD.75/6/82-88Notes on two meetings between Zewdie Abate and J.A. Allan inLondon on 9 February and 6 October 1990 to discuss Abate'sopinions on the Ethiopian position with regard to Nile Waters,with covering note from Allan to Howell

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(c) Papers relating to a proposed history of the Sudan Political Service, drawing uponthe memoirs of former members of the SPS (later published as Set Under Authority, byK.D.D. Henderson):

1971 Mar 28 – 1988 May 171971 Mar 28 – 1981 Dec 24SAD.76/1/1-115Correspondence relating to the publication of a history of the SPS (tobecome K.D.D. Henderson's Set Under Authority). Mainly consists ofletters of response from former SPS members asked to contribute.Also includes correspondence concerning a history of the Indian CivilService (which the SPS history was largely inspired by), the work ofJ.A. Mangan (who was initially approached to edit the book), as wellas letters relating to contributions, editing, publishing and funding.1982 Jan 5 – 1983 Dec 30SAD.76/2/1-191Correspondence relating to the publication of a history of the SPS (tobecome K.D.D. Henderson's Set Under Authority). Includes lettersconcerning contributions to the book, the Durham Sudan HistoricalRecords Conference (14-16 April 1982), the Sudan Archive at DurhamUniversity, other research material for the book, and editing.1983 Oct 29 - 31SAD.769/4/11-12Correspondence between Howell and K.D.D. Henderson concerningcontributions to the latter's book, Set under authority: being a portraitof the life of the British District Officer … (1987)1984 Jan 6 – 1985 Dec 29SAD.76/3/1-124Correspondence relating to the publication of a history of the SPS (tobecome K.D.D. Henderson's Set Under Authority). Includes lettersconcerning issues relating to the Sudan Political Service, personalexperiences of the various ex-SPS members involved, contributionsto the book, draft chapters, arrangement, layout, and publishing.1986 Jan 6 – 1988 May 17SAD.76/4/1-128Correspondence relating to the publication of Set Under Authority byK.D.D. Henderson. Correspondence mainly concerns publishing,redrafts of the book, funding, marketing, sales and reviews.[1986]SAD.76/5/1-65Draft and alternative versions of chapters of Set Under Authority, byK.D.D. Henderson. Includes:

[1986]SAD.76/5/1-12Draft of a chapter written by K.D.D. Henderson, though notincluded in the final book, entitled “Chapter 3: Selectors' Choice”,concerning recruitment to the SPS, with letters between Howelland Henderson discussing the draft[1986]SAD.76/5/13-23Draft of a chapter not included in the final book entitled “Chapter3: Recruitment, the two types”, discussing the differencesbetween the pensionable members of the SPS and those broughtin on contract, usually from a military background

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[1986]SAD.76/5/23-37Draft of a chapter not included in the final book entitled “ChapterIV: Faults and Foibles”, discussing the positive and the negativework of the Sudan Political Service. Includes anecdotes onmarriage between British officials and Sudanese girls.[1986]SAD.76/5/38-61“Appendix to Chapter 15: the Jonglei Canal project”, written byHenderson and Howell. Not included in the final book[1986]SAD.76/5/58-61Comparison between the Sudan Political Service and the ColonialService in Uganda, written by Howell, but not included in thefinal book[1986]SAD.76/5/62-65Section giving a brief overall history of anthropology in the Sudan,written by Howell, intended as a contribution to the book but latercut by Henderson

[1980s]SAD.76/6/1-91Photocopies of a number of chapters taken from K.D.D. Henderson'spersonal memoirs. Includes chapters on his service as: AssistantDistrict Commissioner, En Nahud, Western Kordofan (1930-1936);Deputy Assistant Civil Secretary, Khartoum (1938-1944); and AssistantCivil Secretary, Khartoum (1946-1948). Also includes chapters on:certain tribes around the Nuba Mountains; “Crime and the law” ,discussing criminal and civil law in the Sudan; “The Official” ,discussing the British administration in the Sudan and the roles of thevarious officials; and “Colleagues and Central Government”, discussingbureaucracy in the Sudan1931 - 1988 Jan 14SAD.76/7/1-29Other material relating to Set Under Authority by K.D.D. Henderson,including:

1931 JanuarySAD.76/7/1-3Poem by K.D.D. Henderson, entitled “Rubaiyat of Lagowa”, aboutJebel Kamdung and the Daju, with covering note by Howell(dated 6 March 1989)[1940]SAD.76/7/4List of “British officers and officials serving at Talodi H.Q.”[1975]SAD.76/7/5-10Draft article written by K.D.D. Henderson's wife on the declineof the British Empire[1970s]SAD.76/7/11-15Circular letter, by [S.E.A.], outlining the proposed project byA.H.M. Kirk-Greene to write a history of the Indian Civil Service.Includes blank questionnaire requesting information fromex-officials.[1970s]SAD.76/7/6-7Ts. circular letter detailing the history of the “Fallen Angels”, aclub for former SPS officials, by Denis Vidler. Includes a list ofthe annual dinners held by the “Fallen Angels”

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1981 Feb 6SAD.76/7/18-21List of Sudan Political Service “survivors” as of 6 Feb 1981. Givesname, address and service duration for each.1981SAD.76/7/22Obituary of Sir Angus Gillan (former Civil Secretary in the Sudan)from the Sudan Church Association, with transcripts of anaddress by Martin Parr on the occasion of Gillan's birthday andan address by Lord Grey of Naunton at a memorial service forGillan1982SAD.76/7/23-24Copy of The Sudan Church Association Notes and Commentsfeaturing several obituaries including ones for George Schuster,John F.E. Bloss, Sir Christopher Cox and Travers Blackley[1985]SAD.76/7/25-28Article giving an overview of “A Unique Instrument” (later SetUnder Authority) and the project to write a history of the SudanPolitical Service, by K.D.D. Henderson1988 Jan 14SAD.76/7/29Newspaper article from The Journal (Salisbury, Wiltshire) entitled“Out of Africa: graphic account of life as a district officer”concerning K.D.D. Henderson and the new book on the SPS

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9. General correspondence

1954 Oct 19 – 1969 Oct 14SAD.77/1/1-146General correspondence mostly relating to Howell's employment andcareer, in particular his role as Head of the Middle East DevelopmentDivision, Beirut, and his desire to move back to England to take a jobin a university. Includes letters from I. Cunnison, University ofManchester, concerning an article by Howell (SAD.77/1/3-5); A.Blackman concerning the “Masks of the Shilluk” (includes attachedsketch of Shilluk mask) (SAD.77/1/14); Iain McLeod, Secretary ofState for the Colonies, to the Officer Administering the Governmentof Uganda, concerning Howell's secondment from the Uganda ColonialService to serve as Head of the Development Division, Foreign Office,in Beirut (SAD.77/1/6-10); Howell to Sir Andrew Cohen, Ministry ofOverseas Development, concerning Howell's secondments to Ugandaand Beirut (SAD.77/1/20-22); D.L. Pearson, Department of TechnicalCo-Operation, to Howell offering him a temporary appointment asHead of the Middle East Development Division in Beirut(SAD.77/1/25-27); notes by J.E. Rednall, Ministry of OverseasDevelopment, on Development Divisions and how they should beoperated, with covering letter to Howell (SAD.77/1/49-56); Howell toSir Andrew Cohen, Ministry of Overseas Development, concerninghis position as Head of the Middle East Development Division andthe situation in Jordan (SAD.77/1/56-58), with Cohen's reply re thequestion of upgrading that post and note by Howell on the strainsplaced on the Middle East Development Division (SAD.77/1/63-71);Howell to Cohen concerning his desire to move back to England fromBeirut, his intention to take up employment in a university and thesituation at the Middle East Development Division (SAD.77/1/103-105);Howell to John Morrison, University College, Cambridge, concerninga possible job there (SAD.77/1/28-130); A.S. Mackintosh, Universityof East Anglia, to Howell concerning funding for the University'sOverseas Development Group (SAD.77/1/134); Howell to Cohenconcerning his position in the Middle East Development Division andthe political situation in the Middle East (SAD.77/1/138-140); ReginaldPrentice, Minister of Overseas Development, to Howell concerninghis departure from the Ministry of Overseas Development(SAD.77/1/143). Enclosure:

1961SAD.77/1/6-10“Terms of service of Mr. P. P. Howell whilst serving as Head ofthe Development Division on secondment from the UgandaGovernment Services to the Foreign Office”

1970 Oct 5 – 1978 Nov 20SAD.77/2/1-195General correspondence, including letters from Z.B. Deng to Howellconcerning the murder of several members of his family in Abyei bygovernment soldiers (SAD.77/2/2-3); T.F. Betts to Howell concerninga meeting of voluntary agencies in Geneva and discussions concerningSouthern Sudan (SAD.77/2/10-11) and concerning his work withvarious charities and other agencies on the situation in Southern

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Sudan (SAD.77/2/23-24); Howell to T.F. Betts concerning a report byBetts on the situation in Southern Sudan (SAD.77/2/30-31); T.F. Bettsto Howell regarding his appointment to the Southern Sudan as Advisorto a research team from Harvard University (SAD.77/2/37-38); Howellto F.L. Pryor, Swarthmore College, Pennsylvania, giving informationon the Nuer in response to a previous request (SAD.77/2/44); Howellto D. Kitching, Ministry of Overseas Development, re Nile Waterspapers left in Beirut (SAD.77/2/46); [Buti] to Howell, discussing thesituation in Sudan (SAD.77/2/54); G.W. Glentworth, Institute of LocalGovernment Studies, concerning a report on a survey mission toSouthern Sudan (SAD.77/2/60); correspondence concerning aproposed expedition to Sudan by a group from University College ofSwansea, headed by D.W. Evans, to investigate tourism, socialchanges and the physical landscape (SAD.77/2/65-71,77); Howell toA. Southall concerning the origins of the names “Nuer” and “Dinka”(SAD.77/2/75-76); Howell to R. Chambers concerning Nuer and Anuakin the Gambeila province of Ethiopia and the question of whether theyare political refugees (SAD.77/2/86); I.G. Dunn, Director of AquaticBiological Consultancy Services Ltd., to Howell concerning thedevelopment of fisheries in the sudd (SAD.77/2/95); Howell to A.M.Turner, Ministry of Overseas Development, concerning Dutchinvolvement in the Jonglei Canal Scheme (SAD.77/2/109); TereseSvoboda to Howell concerning her application for a grant to translateNuer songs (SAD.77/2/118); Howell to D. Cuming concerning aproposed Royal Geographical Society discussion on the JongleiScheme (SAD.77/2/148); Howell to John Wright concerning an articleby Wright on Nile Waters (SAD.77/2/154-158); P.W. Campbell toHowell, requesting that he act as co-examiner of a PhD thesis on“Political leadership and organization in the Southern Sudan” by JohnHowell (SAD.77/2/160-167); Howell to J.A. Tosh on a report on theSouthern Sudan (SAD.77/2/190-191); Howell to Dr Rivière concerninga paper by T.M.S. Evens (SAD.77/2/195). Enclosures:

1970 Oct 19SAD.77/2/4“How six Sudanese died”, article by Michael Wolfers from TheTimes1970 OctSAD.77/2/5-6Description, by Z.B. Deng, of a massacre in Abyei, based on aneyewitness account1975 Oct 11SAD.77/2/81Article from New World News giving a summary of a talk on theAddis Ababa agreement by Margaret Collard at the WorldAssembly in Caux, Switzerland1977 Jan 5SAD.77/2/95-106“Proposal for fisheries development projects in the Sudd regionin the Sudan”, Aquatic Biological Consultancy Services Ltd.1977SAD.77/2/120-142Research proposal by T. Svoboda which includes someexamples of translated Nuer songs

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1977SAD.77/2/161-167Abstract of J. Howell's thesis on “Political leadership andorganization in the Southern Sudan”1978 Jan 26SAD.77/2/174-176Photocopy of the “Nile Canal after 80 years of planning”, anarticle by Mike Muller from New Civil Engineer

1979 Jan 3 – 1985 Dec 30SAD.77/3/1-125General correspondence including letters from R.C. Kelly to Howellconcerning Kelly's book on the Nuer territorial expansion against theDinka (SAD.77/3/1-2); Lester Crook to Howell concerning a plannedbook looking at the various men who ruled colonial Africa(SAD.77/3/24); Charles B. Deng Majok to Howell concerning DengMajok Koul (SAD.77/3/33); Jereboam Macuordit, Jonglei Pharmacy,Bor, to Howell, questioning the reasons behind the lack of developmentof the Nuer under British rule, and discussing Howell's book on theJonglei Canal and mutual acquaintances in the Southern Sudan(SAD.77/3/39-40) and discussing the attitudes and actions taken bythe various District Commissioners in the Southern Sudan and theopinions of the Sudanese in the Southern Sudan on British DistrictCommissioners (SAD.77/3/42-43); J. Khatib-Chahidi, SA3 – SocialAnalysis and Anthropology Associates, to Howell concerning theSouthern Region Agricultural Project (SAD.77/3/44-47); JeroboamMacuordit to Howell concerning the potential division of SouthernSudan (SAD.77/3/49); R. Trench, Granada Television, to Howellconcerning Howell's contribution to research on a televisionprogramme (SAD.77/3/56); Jereboam Macuordit to Howell concerningpersonal issues and Howell's conference on the Jonglei Canal(SAD.77/3/63-64); N. Hall, Open University, to Howell concerning aPhD thesis on the use of thatch for rural housing in developingcountries, with an attached note on why research work in the Sudanwould be important (SAD.77/3/65-68); Howell to J.P. Rozier, OxfordUniversity, giving his personal opinion on the effect of the SecondWorld War on British rule in the Sudan as evidence for Rozier's thesis(SAD.77/3/75-76); Howell to Sir John Butterfield, Vice-Chancellor ofCambridge, concerning a proposed conference on Ethiopia anddrought (SAD.77/3/88-89); Gabriel G. Jal to Howell concerning theeffect of flooding of the Jonglei area upon the Nuer (SAD.77/3/96-97);J. Winder to Howell concerning a map and Winder's memoirs(SAD.77/3/99-100); Pal Poulk Macher to Howell giving fairly extensivedetails on the Jonglei Canal Scheme and the development of theJonglei area (SAD.77/3/106-111); Gabriel G. Jal to Howell concerningthe operation of contemporary Nuer and Dinka tribal courts(SAD.77/3/112-116). Enclosures:

1979SAD.77/3/3-13“The Nuer conquest: a case study in the structure ofnon-equilibrium systems”, outline of Kelly's proposed researchinto Nuer expansion

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1980 JulSAD.77/3/25-28“The men who ruled Africa”, outline of a proposed book to bepublished by L. Crook1981SAD.77/3/34-37Sheet of questions on the life and personality of Deng MajokKoul with separate answers by Howell1982SAD.77/3/45-47Extract from staff appraisal report on the Southern RegionAgricultural Project1982 Apr 29SAD.77/3/51-55Photocopy of “Water need drives Jonglei slowly onward”, anarticle by Anne Charnock from New Civil Engineer1982 May 18SAD.77/3/57Photocopy of “Boys in turbans and sashes still serve tea besidethe pool”, an article by Steve Colbourn from The Guardian

1986-1989SAD.77/4/1-228General correspondence largely concerning Howell's own academicprojects and those of others. Includes letters from Howell to J. Sutcliffemaking observations on the role of money among the Nuer(SAD.77/4/7-8); Stephen With, Commissioner of the Jonglei ExecutiveOrgan, to Howell requesting guidance and knowledge on the JongleiScheme (SAD.77/4/12); J. Sutcliffe to Howell concerning money amongthe Nuer, mainly relating to a thesis by Sharon Hutchinson(SAD.77/413-14); Sharon Hutchinson to Howell concerning variouspoints including the rise in cases of theft among the Nuer and the lackof legislation to prevent Southerners moving north during the era of“Closed Districts” (SAD.77/4/20-21); Howell to Stephen With givingadvice on the Jonglei Scheme and the Jonglei Executive Organ(SAD.77/4/28-29); Sharon Hutchinson to Howell mostly concerningthe book The Nuer Conquest by Raymond Kelly and the various pointsraised in it, including bridewealth and population density(SAD.77/4/30-31); Howell to S. Hutchinson giving advice onHutchinson's work on homicide amongst the Nuer (SAD.77/4/57-61);Howell to [J. Sutcliffe] concerning, amongst other things, the shootingdown of a civilian aircraft by the SPLA (SAD.77/4/70); Howell to G.Yeoman Yeoman to T.E. Evans and Yeoman to Howell concerning aletter by Yeoman printed in The Times on climatic change in the NileBasin (SAD.77/4/131,133-134,140-141); G. Glenworth to Howellrequesting advice on the possibility of finding funding to enable aSudanese student to study in the UK and the possibility of finding aidfor a refugee in Khartoum (SAD.77/4/144); Howell to A.W. van denHoek concerning van den Hoek's article “Cultural dimension ofdevelopment”; correspondence between Howell, Marion Clay andBrian Barrett, both of the Foreign and Commonwealth Office,concerning a missing memorandum written by Howell in 1958 on “TheEquatorial Nile Project and the Nile Waters Agreement of 1959:Uganda's Case” (SAD.77/4/172-193 ); Howell to S. Hutchinson andto [R. Kershaw] discussing, amongst other things, the visit to England

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by John Garang, leader of the SPLM/A (SAD.77/4/211,224).Enclosures:

1986 Mar 2SAD.77/4/25-27Review by Howell of Agricultural development in the Middle East,ed. by Peter Beaumont and Keith McLachlan[1987]SAD.77/4/97Ts. notes on a “discussion with John Ruach Jal Wang – a LakNuer, born near Juaibor on the Zeraf Island in 1952”, mainlyconcerning politics in Southern Sudan and various aspects ofNuer society1987 Nov 10SAD.77/4/136“Feeble Nile a symbol of wider ills”, letter by G. Yeoman printedin The Times1987 Nov 14SAD.77/4/135“Low Nile floods in global context”, letter by T.E. Evans printedin The Times1986SAD.77/4/137-139“Aid to Africa: the great illusion?”, article by G. Yeoman in TheTraveller1988SAD.77/4/179-187“Southern policy during the period of the Anglo-EgyptianGovernment of the Sudan”, a paper by [J.W.Kenrick]1988 OctSAD.77/4/197-204Papers relating to a press conference following the publicationof the report War wounds: Sudanese people report on their war,by the Panos Institute

1990-1992SAD.77/5/1-107General correspondence including letters from Howell to M. Pattersonconcerning literature on the different ethnic and tribal groups in theSouthern Sudan and the various populations (SAD.77/5/4-8);correspondence concerning attempts to secure funding to allow aSudanese student to study in the UK (SAD.77/5/9-20); Tony Allan,Centre of Near and Middle Eastern Studies, to Heba Saleh, BBC AfricaService, concerning an African Perspective radio programme on theNile (SAD.77/5/99). Enclosures:

1990SAD.77/5/6-8“Ethnic and tribal groupings in the Southern Sudan”, a personalnote by Howell giving an indication of the various works ofliterature on the issue1992SAD.77/5/100-104“Population and the African crisis: outline of an interviewprogramme presented on the BBC Overseas Service (AfricaNetwork)”

1982 Jan 7 - 1990 Sep 18SAD.77/6/1-111Correspondence between Howell and R.O. Collins, University ofCalifornia, including Howell and Collins concerning Collins' bookShadows in the Grass (SAD.77/6/1-6); Collins concerning the workof the historian J.A. Mangan, in particular his article, “The education

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of an elite imperial administration” (SAD.77/6/7-9); Howell concerningthe creation of the Southern Development Investigation Team(SAD.77/6/25-26); Howell, giving comments on Collins' Shadows inthe Grass (SAD.77/6/33); Collins discussing the attack on the ChevronOil Corporation Ruba Kona headquarters by the SPLA and thecompany's subsequent meetings with President Numeiri(SAD.77/6/38-40,42-44); Collins concerning initial reactions amongstthe British to the idea of the Jonglei Canal (SAD.77/6/45-46); Collinsconcerning the opinions of Douglas Newbold, John Garang and A.L.Chick on the Jonglei Canal project (SAD.77/6/51); Collins describingthe military situation in Southern Sudan (SAD.77/6/72-74); Howell andCollins concerning Howell's involvement with the work of theAnti-Slavery Society in Sudan (SAD.77/6/79-88); Collins discussingthe success of the SPLA (SAD.77/6/97-100). Enclosures:

1982 JunSAD.77/6/16-21“Preliminary thoughts on Jonglei”, by R.O. Collins1988 Feb 26SAD.77/6/62-63Review of K.D.D. Henderson's Set Under Authority by R.O.Collins

1978 Apr 10 - 1982 Apr 23SAD.77/7/1-40Series of correspondence between J.G.S. Macphail, W. Arens, D.Johnson, J.B. Stewart, and P.P. Howell, mostly concerning W. Arens'work on the Shilluk (in particular his essay “Divine kingship amongthe Shilluk”) but also concerning D. Johnson's work on theadministration of Upper Nile Province

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10. Memoirs

1983SAD.769/5/1-79;769/6/1-64 “Recollections of service in the Sudan” by Howell, covering the years

1938-1955:Chapter I. Background and beginningsFamily background (SAD.769/5/3-11); Jack Driberg (formerlyS.P.S.), supervisor at Cambridge (SAD.769/5/7-8); first visit tothe Sudan as an undergraduate in 1937 to study the Shilluk

SAD.769/5/2-18

(SAD.769/5/8-9); application to S.P.S. and Colonial and IndianCivil Services (SAD.769/5/10-11); arrival in Khartoum(SAD.769/5/12); meeting with C.L. Armstrong, governor ofKhartoum Province (SAD.769/5/12); A.D.C. Khartoum North,working under the D.C., S.R. Simpson, including visits to therural areas of the district (SAD.769/5/13-17); Chief A.R.P. Officerfor the Three Towns and preparations for war (SAD.769/5/17)Chapter 2. War and the PalaceSeconded to York and Lancashire Regiment (SAD.769/5/19);Aide de Camp to the Governor-General (SAD.769/5/19-35);declaration of war by Italy (SAD.769/5/21-22); impressions of

SAD.769/5/19-38

Symes and his handling of the war (SAD.769/5/23-27); arrivalof Emperor Haile Selassie in Khartoum (SAD.769/5/25-27); ontour with the Govenor-General to Sinkat, Darfur, Kassala andKeren (SAD.769/5/28-29); impressions of Wavell, Auchinleck,Catroux (Governor General of Indo-China), De Gaulle and Smuts(SAD.769/5/30-33); secondment to O.E.T.A., posted to Decamerein Eritrea as Political Officer (SAD.769/5/36-38)Chapter 3. NuerlandTransfer to south, posted to Fangak on the River Zeraf(SAD.769/5/39); description of the life of the Nuer(SAD.769/5/40-50); work of the D.C. (SAD.769/5/50); difficulties

SAD.769/5/39-79

of life in the south (SAD.769/5/51); description of house atFangak, other buildings and inhabitants - police and interpreter(SAD.769/5/51-53); treks by lorry (SAD.769/5/53-54) and on foot(SAD.769/5/56-57); bullnames (SAD.769/5/55); lack of Sudaneseadministrative officials (SAD.769/5/57-58); relationship with Nuerelders and chiefs (SAD.769/5/58-59); life in Fangak(SAD.769/5/59-60); crime and punishment (SAD.769/5/60-65);1944, promoted to D.C. (SAD.769/5/66); social contacts(SAD.769/5/67-69); accounting (SAD.769/5/70-71); dangersfacing D.C.s (SAD.769/5/71-72); purchase of beef to feed Britishforces in the western desert, 1943 (SAD.769/5/72-74); leavespent in Greece (SAD.769/5/75-79)

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Chapter 4. Western KordofanTransfer to Nahud (SAD.769/6/1); tensions due to Sidki Protocol,meeting with local dignitaries (SAD.769/6/1-2); description ofdistrict (SAD.769/6/3-5); duties in Nahud (SAD.769/6/5-7);

SAD.769/6/1-27

lifestyle of the Baqqarah (SAD.769/6/8-11); friendship withBaqqarah leaders, particularly Babu Nimr, nazir of the Misiriyahand `Ali Nimr, nazir of the Ajaira section of the Homr(SAD.769/6/11-14); selection of `umdahs (SAD.769/6/14-15);description of Ngok Dinka (SAD.769/6/16-17); Deng Majok,paramount chief of the Ngok (SAD.769/6/18-19); first electionsin Dar MIsiriyah (SAD.769/6/20-21); assessment of governmentpriorities (SAD.769/6/22); prevention of misuse of land resources(SAD.769/6/22-24); appointment as head of the JongleiInvestigation Team, 1948 (SAD.769/6/26); organised tribalgathering of the Misiriyah (SAD.769/6/26)Chapter 5. Jonglei InvestigationHistory of early studies of and negotiations on Nile waters(SAD.769/6/29-31); likely effect of the Jonglei canal on thehydrology of the Sudan (SAD.769/6/31-32, 35-36); problems

SAD.769/6/28-48

facing the investigation team (SAD.769/6/33); terms of reference(SAD.769/6/37-40); members of the team (SAD.769/6/40); areacovered, communications (SAD.769/6/41); organisation of theteam and Howell's duties (SAD.769/6/43-44); conclusions andrecommendations (SAD.769/6/44-47); report (SAD.769/6/47);effects of current canal project (SAD.769/6/48)Map of the upper reaches of the Nile showing northern, centraland southern zones and the position of the Jonglei canal

SAD.769/6/49

Scale: 1.5 cms to 100 milesSize: 6 x 11.5 cmMap of the River Nile from Lake Victoria to Khartoum showingthe sudd area

SAD.769/6/50

Scale: 1 in to 200 milesSize: 11 x 19 cm.Cross-section of the Bahr al-Jabal in the sudd areaSAD.769/6/51Cross-section at Jonglei when the canal has been dug to 15 m/dcapacity

SAD.769/6/52

Appendix to Chapter 3SAD.769/6/53-64“Anthropology in action” - a note on the role of anthropology inthe Sudan Political Service

SAD.769/6/53-54

Extracts from an address to the Royal Anthropological Instituteby Howell on the occasion of the centenary of C.G. Seligman'sbirth, outlining the practical impact of the ethnological studies inthe Sudan started by Seligman

SAD.769/6/55-64

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11. Miscellanea

1914 Mar 22SAD.80/1/1-8Photocopies of letters sent by Major P. Howell, P.P. Howell's father,at Curragh in Ireland, to C. Wigram and J. Ramsay Macdonald, leaderof the Labour Party, concerning the issue of Irish Home Rule andHowell's opinions on the state of the British Army

1940SAD.769/7/1-2Christmas greetings to the Governor-General Sir Hubert Huddlestonfrom Haile Selassie, with best wishes for 1941, the year he regainedthe throne of Ethiopia

[1940s]SAD.80/1/9Set of typed rules for a game called “choro”

[1940s]SAD.80/1/10Printed diagram of a double voltage generator manufactured for theSudan Government

1950SAD.80/1/11Programme of Christmas events organised in Malakal

[1950s]SAD.80/1/12-18Paper on Mau Mau oath ceremonies of the Kikuyu tribe of Kenya

[1950s]SAD.80/1/19-21CV of P.P. Howell

[ca. 1950s]SAD.769/4/1-4Letters from Godfrey [Lienhardt] to Paul and Bridget Howell, thankingthem for their hospitality

[ca.1951]SAD.769/4/5-10Comments by Godfrey [Lienhardt] on a draft article by Howell on theNgork Dinka, later published as “Notes on the Ngork Dinka of WesternKordofan”, Sudan Notes and Records 32 pt 2, (Dec 1951)

1955 Jun-JulSAD.80/1/22-27Typescript copies of published reviews of Howell's Manual of NuerLaw (1955). Includes reviews from Man, African Affairs, andInternational Review of Missions

1992 AprilSAD.80/1/28-33Sudan Government British Pensioners' Association annual report,1991/92

1989-1990SAD.80/1/34-57Correspondence, letters and press cuttings concerning a visit to theUK by John Garang, leader of the SPLM/A, including two letters fromHowell to Col Ding concerning Garang's visit and his preliminarytimetable of appearances and meetings (SAD.80/1/34-36); A.P. Hewitt,All Party Parliamentary Group on Overseas Development, to S. Baak,

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SPLM, concerning John Garang's meetings in the House of Commons,with covering letter from Howell to Col Ding (SAD.80/1/37-39); S. Baakto A.P. Hewitt concerning Garang's visit and timetable(SAD.80/1/40-42); memorandum from A.P. Hewitt to Howell invitinghim to attend John Garang's meeting with MPs in Parliament(SAD.80/1/43); cuttings from The Times, The Independent, and theObserver concerning John Garang's visit to the UK (SAD.80/1/45-47); draft of a speech [by Howell] entitled “Towards a new Sudan”discussing relations between Sudan and Britain (SAD.80/1/50-51);ms. notes made in preparation for Garang's visit to the UK includingnotes on the history of the Sudan and a draft itinerary of meetings(SAD.80/1/52-57); cutting from The Independent on the Sudanesecivil war and John Garang (SAD.80/1/48)

1994SAD.80/1/58-71Howell's obituary from Cambridge Anthropology, 17: 1 (1994) alongwith a copy of the order of service for his memorial service, a speechmade at his funeral by a university friend, and a letter of condolenceto Bridget Howell (Howell's wife) from J.A. Allan

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12. Photographic Material

1930-1939SAD.78/9/5-7Aerial views:

1939 MarSAD.78/9/5Aerial view of Khartoum with Governor General's Palace in centre1939 Mar 13SAD.78/9/6Aerial view of Khartoum with Khartoum R.C. Cathedral in thecentre1930 Dec 7SAD.78/9/7Aerial view of Fangak

[1940s - 1950s]SAD.59/3/2-3Aerial views of a section of the Nile

[1940s - 1950s]SAD.78/9/8-13Photographs of the interior of a cotton mill in the Gezira

[1940s - 1950s]SAD.78/9/14Photograph of a horse and rider approaching the end of a race,observed by a small group of British and Sudanese

1949 JanSAD.78/9/15Photograph of a three dimensional model / map of the Sudan madeby George Philips & Son, Ltd., London

[ca.1937]SAD.765/22/1-11Photographs of Shilluk taken by Howell while carrying out researchon a grant from Trinity College, Cambridge:

Shilluk blacksmith at workSAD.765/22/1,3Two Shilluk menSAD.765/22/2Old man smoking pipeSAD.765/22/4Fisherman casting his netSAD.765/22/5-6Shilluk warriors charge forward to salute the chiefsSAD.765/22/7Shilluk man with elaborate hairstyleSAD.765/22/8Shilluk warrior wearing brightly coloured beads, his hair twistedinto lozenges of red ash mixed with oil

SAD.765/22/9

Shilluk village, boy tending cattle in foregroundSAD.765/22/10Nile banks near FashodaSAD.765/22/11

1937SAD.59/4/1-97Photograph album entitled “Shilluk, 1937” containing photographstaken by Howell while carrying out research on a grant from TrinityCollege, Cambridge:

1937SAD.59/4/1-2,4,6Shilluk men seated in front of tukls1937SAD.59/4/3Shilluk boy at Tung with spear and stick shield, wearing brightlycoloured beads, his hair twisted into lozenges of red ash mixedwith oil (dupl of SAD 769/22/9)1937SAD.59/4/5Moru man in front of Doleib palm tree

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1937SAD.59/4/7The Shilluk village of Fanyikang Podh, showing the centre of thevillage, with a small shrine on the left1937SAD.59/4/8View of the White Nile at Debalo Yom1937SAD.59/4/9View of tukls at Achop, the central village of Yom Dok Alal, [KwarNyimol]1937SAD.59/4/10-11Doleib palm trees at Niayok on the river Sobat - the most easterlyborders of Shilluk country1937SAD.59/4/12Shilluk girls returning home from the cultivation plots1937SAD.59/4/13Tukl at [Wadhjang]1937SAD.59/4/14,18Shilluk men with spears standing in front of tukls at Achop1937SAD.59/4/15Shilluk men at Niayok1937SAD.59/4/16Shilluk men with spears at Kodok, White Nile Province1937SAD.59/4/17Shilluk man carrying spears at Kodok, White Nile Province1937SAD.59/4/19Luak and pegs for tethering cattle in Shilluk village1937SAD.59/4/20Cattle at Niayok1937SAD.59/4/21Shilluk cattle being driven into a village in the evening1937SAD.59/4/22Shilluk men by the river at Niayok1937SAD.59/4/23Shilluk man repairing the roof of a tukl near Faalo1937SAD.59/4/24Shilluk man sitting on the ground near a tukl1937SAD.59/4/25Dug-out canoe on the khor at Fanyikang1937SAD.59/4/26Dug-out canoe near Fanyikang1937SAD.59/4/27Nilotic men near the mouth of the Zeraf river1937SAD.59/4/28Man in a dug-out canoe near Malakal, White Nile Province1937SAD.59/4/29Shilluk man1937SAD.59/4/30River or flooded khor in Fanyikang district1937SAD.59/4/31View of a river and trees

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1937SAD.59/4/32Ngok Dinka man crouched in long grass on the Sobat1937SAD.59/4/33Ngok Dinka chief and two other Dinka men on the borders ofDinka country on the Sobat1937SAD.59/4/34-42Ngok Dinka men with spears in long grass near the river Sobat1937SAD.59/4/43Ngok Dinka man with spear standing on a plain1937SAD.59/4/44View of tukls at Kodok, White Nile Province1937SAD.59/4/45Shilluk man fishing with a net near Fanyikang1937SAD.59/4/46Tukls at [Wadhjang]1937SAD.59/4/47Tukls at [Akalan]1937SAD.59/4/48Shilluk man at Niayok1937SAD.59/4/49Shilluk women carrying pots at [Akalan]1937SAD.59/4/50Logging station on the Bahr al-Zeraf1937SAD.59/4/51Shilluk man taking part in a spear throwing contest at Achop1937SAD.59/4/52Cattle and goats in Fanyikang1937SAD.59/4/53The shrine of Nyikang in Fanyikang1937SAD.59/4/54Grass plain with trees in background1937SAD.59/4/55Shilluk men at a logging station on the Bahr al-Zeraf1937SAD.59/4/56A Shilluk spear rest1937SAD.59/4/57Shilluk man with tribal scarring on his forehead holding a musicalinstrument1937SAD.59/4/58Young Shilluk warrior1937SAD.59/4/59Shilluk men at a logging station on the Bahr al-Zeraf1937SAD.59/4/60The bank of a river1937SAD.59/4/61Close up view of the paddles of a steamboat1937SAD.59/4/62Shilluk men at Achop

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1937SAD.59/4/63Shilluk men at Niayok on the river Sobat, with Doleib palm treesin the background1937SAD.59/4/64[Amorielic Yor]1937SAD.59/4/65,67-68Flooded khor1937SAD.59/4/66Shilluk men at Niayok on the river Sobat, with Doleib palm treesin the background1937SAD.59/4/69View of the khor between Fanyikang and [Abiyop]1937SAD.59/4/70,72Views of Fanyikang1937SAD.59/4/71Logging station on the Bahr al-Zeraf1937SAD.59/4/73Bank of a river1937SAD.59/4/74Nilotic tribesmen amongst crops at Faalo1937SAD.59/4/75Ngok Dinka in long grass1937SAD.59/4/76View of a river bank1937SAD.59/4/77Tukl or cattle byre at Wadhjang1937SAD.59/4/78Tribal meeting in Kodok, White Nile Province1937SAD.59/4/79View from the Sobat river, east of Niayok1937SAD.59/4/80,83Shilluk court in session at Kodok, White Nile Province1937SAD.59/4/81Three Shilluk warriors sitting on the ground holding spears, atMalakal1937SAD.59/4/82,85Shilluk prisoner at Malakal, White Nile Province1937SAD.59/4/84Shilluk man in a dug-out canoe on the White Nile at Malakal,White Nile Province1937SAD.59/4/86Three Shilluk men by the banks of the White Nile at Kodok1937SAD.59/4/87View of a [Shilluk] village1937SAD.59/4/88Shilluk men in a dug-out canoe on the White Nile at Malakal,White Nile Province1937SAD.59/4/89Three Shilluk men with spears at Kodok, White Nile Province

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1937SAD.59/4/90Reth Fafiti Wad Yor of the Shilluk smoking a pipe1937SAD.59/4/91Shilluk women and man by the banks of the White Nile atMalakal, White Nile Province1937SAD.59/4/92Steamboat on the White Nile at Malakal, White Nile Province1937SAD.59/4/93Sunrise over the White Nile1937SAD.59/4/94The White Nile at Wau, White Nile Province1937SAD.59/4/95Shilluk cattle camp1937SAD.59/4/96View of the White Nile1937SAD.59/4/97The White Nile at Wau

1937SAD.59/5/1-96Photograph album containing photographs taken by Howell amongthe Shilluk while carrying out research on a grant from Trinity College,Cambridge:

1937SAD.59/5/1View of the White Nile looking north from Kodok, Upper NileProvince1937SAD.59/5/2View of landscape and trees west of Kodok, Upper Nile Province1937SAD.59/5/3View of the Nile as seen from Jebelein, White Nile Province1937SAD.59/5/4View of rockface and boulders, Jebelein, White Nile Province1937SAD.59/5/5View of the Nile1937SAD.59/5/6Flooded khor near Abu Jop1937SAD.59/5/7Dense undergrowth near Faalo (Doleib Hill mission)1937SAD.59/5/8View of the mouth of the Bahr al-Zeraf1937SAD.59/5/9-10The Bahr al-Zeraf1937SAD.59/5/11Cattle and tukls in a Shilluk village outside Kodok1937SAD.59/5/12Bull with deformation of the horns. Tukls of a Shilluk village inthe background.1937SAD.59/5/13-16Landscape views around Kodok

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1937SAD.59/5/17-18,22Shilluk cattle being herded into a village for the night. The cattleare gathering around the fire to rid themselves of flies [possiblyin Kodok].1937SAD.59/5/19-20Shilluk boy milking cow [possibly in Kodok]1937SAD.59/5/21Cattle being herded over a plain by a small Shilluk boy [nearKodok]1937SAD.59/5/23Shilluk boy preparing to milk cows in a Shilluk settlement[possibly Kodok]1937SAD.59/5/24Cattle tethered to ground pegs in Kodok village1937SAD.59/5/25Shilluk man, Younis, with a pipe1937SAD.59/5/26Shilluk man in a barren plain at Kodok1937SAD.59/5/27Shilluk man brought before the reth accused of stealing a missioncanoe1937SAD.59/5/28Shilluk men gathering before a kwojo (funeral ceremony)1937SAD.59/5/29Shilluk men sitting on the ground in a village, with tukls in thebackground, Fanyikang District1937SAD.59/5/30Shilluk man casting a fishing net1937SAD.59/5/31Shilluk man standing next to a dugout canoe and ambach canoeat Malakal1937SAD.59/5/32-33Shilluk cattle tethered in a village1937SAD.59/5/34Shilluk woman sitting on the ground in a village1937SAD.59/5/35Group of Shilluk men sitting under trees1937SAD.59/5/36-41Shilluk men taking part in a spear throwing competition organisedby P.P. Howell and M.E.C. Pumphrey at Achop, Upper NileProvince1937SAD.59/5/42,44Shilluk men with spears at [Tung]1937SAD.59/5/43,45Shilluk men fishing with nets1937SAD.59/5/46-48Shilluk men tending to durah1937SAD.59/5/49Shilluk man leaning on a short stick

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1937SAD.59/5/50The daughter of the Shilluk reth, Fafiti Wad Yor, at Kodok1937SAD.59/5/51Shilluk luak or cattle byre1937SAD.59/5/52Panorama showing the shrine of Nyikang at Fanyikang1937SAD.59/5/53Shrine of Nyikang at Fanyikang1937SAD.59/5/54,57The Shilluk royal mound at Fashoda1937SAD.59/5/55The shrine of Nyikang1937SAD.59/5/56Close up shot of the Shilluk royal mound at Fashoda showingthe hut containing the shrine of Nyikangl. The Shilluk reth, FafitiWad Yor, can be seen on the far right1937SAD.59/5/58-61Shrine of Nyikang, at Fashoda, showing details of mural paintings1937SAD.59/5/62-63Shilluk carved wooden heads1937SAD.59/5/64Shilluk men and women unloading wood from a dugout canoeat Malakal1937SAD.59/5/65Shilluk man sitting by a dugout canoe1937SAD.59/5/66Shilluk men paddling a dugout canoe on the White Nile nearMalakal, Upper Nile Province. An ambach canoe can be seenin the foreground.1937SAD.59/5/67Shilluk warriors waiting outside a village1937SAD.59/5/68Shilluk warrior initiates preparing to cong for the first time. Thecong is a social dance held as a form of celebration.1937SAD.59/5/69Tukls at Fashoda1937SAD.59/5/70Shilluk man miming the actions of a hyena1937SAD.59/5/71Shilluk warriors at a cong (celebratory dance), held at Kodok1937 Sep 1SAD.59/5/72Shilluk warriors and girls preparing to dance in a cong(celebratory dance), held at Kodok1937SAD.59/5/73-74Shilluk warriors dancing around the drum at a cong (celebratorydance), held at Kodok1937SAD.59/5/75Shilluk warriors entering the village with wild rushes at a cong(celebratory dance), held at Kodok

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1937SAD.59/5/76The Shilluk [Ajwogo royal] caught by two men who pretend hehas injured their cattle, at Kodok1937SAD.59/5/77-80,82Shilluk girls choosing their partners as Shilluk warriors marcharound the bul at a cong (celebratory dance), held at Kodok1937SAD.59/5/81Shilluk warriors enter the village for a cong (celebratory dance),held at Kodok1937SAD.59/5/83Shilluk men gathering before a kwojo (funeral ceremony) heldfollowing the deaths of two children1937SAD.59/5/84,86Shilluk trumpeters playing kudu horns at a kwojo (funeralceremony), whilst warriors dance in the background1937SAD.59/5/85Shilluk men gathering before a kwojo (funeral ceremony) heldfollowing the deaths of two children. Warriors can be seendancing in the background.1937SAD.59/5/87Participants in a Shilluk kwojo (funeral ceremony) gather aroundthe grave1937SAD.59/5/88The mother of two deceased Shilluk children collapses with griefat the kwojo (funeral ceremony)1937SAD.59/5/89-90Relatives of two deceased Shilluk children pat water and merissaon the grave during a kwojo (funeral ceremony)1937SAD.59/5/91-92Relatives of two deceased children being cermonially purifiedby the bareth at a kwojo (funeral ceremony)1937SAD.59/5/93Shilluk warriors preparing for a dance at a kwojo (funeralceremony)1937SAD.59/5/94Shilluk warriors taking part in preliminary dancing and sparringat a kwojo (funeral ceremony)1937SAD.59/5/95A Shilluk woman dances across the village at a kwojo (funeralceremony)1937SAD.59/5/96Shilluk warriors in full dress gather together in a village duringa kwojo (funeral ceremony)

1943 Nov 7 - 9SAD.765/23/1-8;48/16/1-20 Photographs of the funeral dances in honour of the late reth Fafiti Yor

at Pareth Fafiti. The dances were held over a period of three days.Captions provided by Howell. For further details, see “The death of areth of the Shilluk and the installation of his successor” by P.P. Howelland W.P.G. Thomson. Sudan notes and records 27, 1946:

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1943 Nov 7SAD.765/23/1First day: the dance of swords, attended only by chiefs and thewidows of the late reth. Only the latter may carry spears; othersmay bring swords or millet stalks1943 Nov 8-9SAD.765/23//2-3Second and third days: the public dances. Crowds kneel downin prayer to the soul of the reth1943 NovSAD.765/23/4Women raise their arms in homage to the dead reth 's spirit1943 NovSAD.765/23/5The drums of the late reth are set up. There were six of theseset vertically in the ground1943 Nov 8SAD.48/16/5-6Setting up of the six drums during the second day of the funeral1943 Nov 8SAD.765/23/6The royal trumpeters with kudu horns1943 Nov 8SAD.48/16/1-4Trumpeters with kudu horns during the second day of the funeral1943 Nov 8SAD.765/23/7Second day: a Shilluk regiment enters the village of the late reth1943 Nov 8SAD.765/23/8Warriors entering the arena1943 Nov 8SAD.48/16/7-17Shilluk warriors with spears and shields entering the village ofthe late reth, during the second day of funeral dances, held atthe village of Pareth Fafiti, also known as Abwogatha, or "fearof death"

SAD.48/16/18 Shilluk warriors with spears and shields sitting on the ground inthe village of the late reth, during the second day of funeraldances, held at the village of Pareth Fafiti, also known asAbwogatha, or "fear of death"

SAD.48/16/19-20 Mourners observe Shilluk warriors during the second day offuneral dances, held at the village of Pareth Fafiti, also knownas Abwogatha, or "fear of death"

[1940s]SAD.48/17/1-12Shilluk warrior dance [possibly a death dance done in honour of thelate Shilluk reth, Fafiti Yor]

[1940s]SAD.48/17/1Three Shilluk warriors performing a tribal dance[1940s]SAD.48/17/2Shilluk warriors with spears and shields performing a dance[1940s]SAD.48/17/3Shilluk warriors with spears and shields preparing for a tribaldance[1940s]SAD.48/17/4Shilluk warriors charging forwards with spears and shields duringa dance [in honour of their chief]

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[1940s]SAD.48/17/5-84 pictures of Shilluk warriors, some wearing animal skins,gathering in preparation for a tribal dance[1940s]SAD.48/17/9-10Shilluk warriors, some wearing animal skins, during a tribaldance, with two Shilluk warriors in the foreground preparing theiroutfits for the dance[1940s]SAD.48/17/11Shilluk warriors, some wearing animal skins, during a tribal dance[1940s]SAD.48/17/12Large group Shilluk warriors, some wearing animal skins, duringa tribal dance

1944 Feb - MarSAD.765/24/1-26;48/18/1-30 Photographs of the installation of the Shilluk reth Anei Kur, from the

march of Nyikang to Nyigir which began on the 26 February, until thefinal ceremony on 15 March. Captions by Howell. For further details,see SNR 27, 1946 (see above):

1944 Feb - MarSAD.765/24/1-3The march of Nyikang and Dak from Akurwa to Nyigir. The shorteffigy is that of Nyikang, the tall one is Dak. The forked branchcarried behind is the bed of Nyikang while the basket containsfood for the journey.1944 FebSAD.48/18/3-4Shilluk bearers carrying effigies of Nyikang and Dak and a basketof food outside the hut at Jago Tabo's village before continuingtheir journey from Akurwa to Nyigir1944 FebSAD.48/18/5Shilluk bearers carrying effigies of Nyikang and Dak, a basketof food and a forked branch known as “Nyikang's bed” circle thetomb of the late reth Fafiti before continuing their journey fromAkurwa to Nyigir1944 FebSAD.48/18/6-7Shilluk bearers leaving the village of the late reth Fafiti Yorcarrying effigies of Nyikang and Dak and a basket of food at thestart of a march from Akurwa to Nyigir1944 FebSAD.765/24/4Debalo, just before the march to Fashoda. The reth dressed inwhite with a dark sash is standing outside his quarters awaitingthe gathering of his warriors.1944 FebSAD.765/24/6Nya kwer , the daughter of the ceremonies is brought bymembers of her clan. She must accompany the reth on his marchto Fashoda.1944 Feb 11SAD.765/24/7First day of the installation: the reth 's procession sets off fromDebalo1944 Feb 11SAD.48/18/1-2Crowd of people gathered at Debalo, on the first day ofceremonies

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1944 FebSAD.765/24/8The host of Nyikang gather on the high ground beyond thewatercourse1944 FebSAD.48/18/19-20Hosts of the effigy of Nyikang gathering on high ground beyondKhor Arepejur, which the reth must cross on his march to Kodok,during the first day of ceremonies1944 FebSAD.765/24/9At the watercourse called Arepejur, a black bullock is cast, overwhich the reth must step before he crosses1944 FebSAD.48/18/18Group of Shilluk men with a black bull. The black bull will laterbe cast for the reth to step over before crossing Khor Arepejuron his march to Kodok, during the first day of ceremonies1944 Feb - MarSAD.765/24/10The reth 's army advances through the grass towards the hostof Nyikang1944 Feb 11SAD.48/18/9-10Reth's followers advancing through tall grass towards the hostof Nyikang at Khor Arepejur, during the march to Kodok on thefirst day of ceremonies1944 FebSAD.765/24/11The advance guard of the reth breaks away to the attack1944 FebSAD.765/24/12-13The first mock battle. Only millet stalks may be carried.1944 Feb 11SAD.48/18/8Shilluk warriors armed with spears and millet stalks, during amock battle near Kodok on the first day of ceremonies1944 Feb 11SAD.48/18/11Shilluk warriors fighting a mock battle armed with millet stalks,near Kodok, on the first day of ceremonies1944 Feb 11SAD.48/18/12Shilluk warriors armed with millet stalks celebrate after fightinga mock battle near Kodok, on the first day of ceremonies1944 Feb 11SAD.48/18/13Shilluk warrior standing alone holding millet stalks as Shillukbearers carry effigies of Nyikang and Dak far in the distance, onthe first day of ceremonies1944 Feb 11SAD.48/18/14Seated crowd waiting for the reth to appear from his quartersbefore gathering his warriors for the march to Kodok, on the firstday of ceremonies1944 FebSAD.765/24/14-15The reth is captured by Nyikang and carried off to Fashoda1944 FebSAD.765/24/16Nyikang, angered by the reth 's demand for Nya kwer , ordershis drums to be beaten. His followers begin to assemble anddance round them.

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1944 FebSAD.48/18/15-17Group of people surrounding a young girl, Nya kwer, who mustaccompany the reth on his march to Kodok, during the first dayof ceremonies1944 FebSAD.765/24/17Fourth day: the army of Nyikang led by the Kwa Nyikwom chargethrough Fashoda towards the reth. Nyikang is eventually oustedand Nya kwer seized from him by the reth.1944 Feb - MarSAD.765/24/18-23Speech day: all religious ceremonies are now over. The chiefsassemble to pay homage to their established reth and to exhorthim to rule his people well.1944 Feb - MarSAD.765/24/18The mound called 'Aturwic'. No man may enter save the rethhimself and the priestesses who tend it.1944 Feb-MarSAD.48/18/21Small crowd gathered below the sacred mound known as“Aturwic” , where the reth resides on the fourth day of ceremonies1944 Feb - MarSAD.765/24/19Nyikang and Dak go up into the mound Aturwic to make peacewith the reth1944 Feb - MarSAD.765/24/20-21The reth descends from Aturwic to greet his chiefs and to heartheir speeches1944 Feb-MarSAD.48/18/22Reth descending from the sacred mound known as “Aturwic” togreet his chiefs and to hear their speeches, on the fifth day ofceremonies1944 Feb - MarSAD.765/24/22-23Fifth day: each chief steps forward to make his speech intraditional order. As he finishes he strikes a spear into the groundbefore the reth as a sign of homage.1944 Feb-MarSAD.48/18/23Reth hearing the speeches of the chiefs, on the fifth day ofceremonies1944 Feb-MarSAD.48/18/24-25Reth hearing the speeches of the chiefs on the fifth day ofceremonies, with onlookers in the background. In the centre ofthe photo can be seen a circle of spears – each chief strikes aspear into the ground after making his speech as a sign ofhomage to the new reth1944 Feb - MarSAD.765/24/24Anei, son of Kur, installed 1944, died 19451944 MarSAD.48/18/27-28Portrait photographs of Anei Kur, who was installed as reth ofthe Shilluk in March 1944 and died a year later1944 Feb - MarSAD.765/24/26Warriors enter the dancing arena and salute the drum1944 Feb - MarSAD.765/24/25Man dressed as a hyena howls at the dancers

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1944 Feb-MarSAD.48/18/26Man imitating a hyena howling at the dancers1944 Feb-MarSAD.48/18/29-30Group of Shilluk villagers standing away from the ceremoniesduring the installation

[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/1-58/3;58/5/1-16; 59/3/1 General photos of Shilluk:

[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/1/1-5Shilluk man fishing with bow and arrow[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/1/6-8Shilluk man swimming whilst dragging a fishing net[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/1/9-13Shilluk man fishing with fishing rod[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/1/14-17Shilluk man fishing with spear[1940s-1950s]SAD.59/3/1Shilluk fisherman casting a net into a river[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/1/18Two Shilluk men standing in a river casting a fishing net[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/1/19Shilluk man fishing with blowpipe[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/1/20Two Shilluk men diving into a river[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/1/21Group of Shilluk men on the bank of a river[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/1/22Three Shilluk men (one holding a spear) standing on the edgeof a river[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/2/1[Shilluk] cattle grazing in the dry season[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/2/2[Shilluk] cattle at a cattle camp with luaks in the background1949 NovSAD.58/2/3-5Cattle [possibly Shilluk] watering at `Idd al-Wusa'a[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/2/6Cattle [possibly Shilluk] resting under a tree1937SAD.58/3/1-2Cattle grazing in a Shilluk village with tukls in background[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/3/3Cattle resting in a Shilluk village[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/3/4Young Shilluk boy near cattle at rest[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/3/5-9Group of Shilluk children standing by cattle resting in a village[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/3/10Shilluk man with group of children with tukls in background[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/3/11Shilluk woman carrying a pot on her head in village with cattleresting in the foreground

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[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/3/12Shilluk village inside zariba with Sudanese policemen inforeground[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/3/13Shilluk village with men and a woman carrying a large pot onher head in the foreground[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/3/14-16Views from the top of a hill looking down upon a Shilluk villagesurrounded by trees with a herd of cattle resting in thebackground[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/3/17-18Shilluk women in a village with grass fence and tukls in thebackground[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/3/19Shilluk men stood in a village with grass fence and tukls in thebackground[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/5/1-2Group of Shilluk men watching a dance involving men wearingleopard skins[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/5/3Shilluk man with pipe and woman with tribal scarring on herforehead, sitting on the ground[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/5/4Shilluk man with tribal scarring on his forehead[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/5/5Elderly Shilluk man sitting on the ground[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/5/6-7Shilluk blacksmith hammering a spearhead[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/5/8Shilluk villagers attending to a woman collapsed in mourning ata funeral ceremony[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/5/9Three Shilluk men with spears and elaborate hairstyles[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/5/10Two Shilluk men with spears next to a tethered calf, with luak inthe background[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/5/11Contact sheet showing the stages of construction of a Shillukluak or cattle shed[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/5/12Shilluk man with tribal scarring and elaborate hairstyle[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/5/13Shilluk man throwing spear, with tukls in background[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/5/14Two Shilluk men with tribal scarring on foreheads[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/5/15Group of Shilluk men with sticks and shields[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/5/16Group of Shilluk men armed with spears dancing around a [deadcow] as part of a celebration

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[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/6/1-75Photographs of Nuer:

[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/6/1Fish laid out on the floor of a fishing boat[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/6/2Nuer man standing in front of a row of fish hung up to dry in thesun[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/6/3-4Nuer fishing party[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/6/5-117 photos of Nuer men hauling a fishing net into land[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/6/12Nuer men pushing a fishing boat laden with nets and oars backonto land[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/6/13Nuer cattle tethered at a [dry season] cattle camp by the junctionof the River Pibor and River Sobat. A steamer can be seen onthe horizon.[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/6/14Portrait of Lau Nuer bridegroom at a marriage ceremony withtribal scarring on his arm and upper body. Photographer: J.F.E.Bloss.[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/6/15-19Portraits of the Nuer bride at a marriage ceremony with tribalscarring on her upper left arm[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/6/20-28Portrait photographs of a Nuer [chief][1940s-1950s]SAD.58/6/29-30Portrait photographs of Gatluak Ngingi, chief of the Per Sectionin the Island Section of Radh Gaawar. He is wearing earringsand has a feather attached to his head.Photo was used by Howell in his book A Manual of Nuer Law[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/6/31-32Portrait photos of Riag Loinyjok (also known by his bull name,“tut me bor” ), a gwan kwoth, or “Man of God”, who lives amongthe Lak Nuer. He is wearing a leopard skin and earrings.[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/6/33Portrait of a Nuer “leopard man” , or “chief of the leopard skin”,who acts as intermediary in the event of blood feuds. His villageis a safe refuge for a homicide until the case is settled.Photographer: J.F.E. Bloss.[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/6/34Portrait of a Nuer man covered in ash and smoking a pipe. Heis a litigant in a legal case. Photographer: J.F.E. Bloss.[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/6/35-36Portraits of Buth Diu, a Nuer man, with ash covering his hair[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/6/37-38Portrait photographs of Cchief Kic Wur Winyang of the Lak Nuer.Photographer: J.F.E. Bloss.

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[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/6/39-40Portraits of a smiling Nuer man[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/6/41-42Portraits of a Nuer man wearing white toga[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/6/43-44Portraits of a young Nuer girl wearing beads and bracelets[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/6/45Portrait of a Nuer man wearing white robes[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/6/46-47Portraits photographs of an elderly Nuer wearing necklaces andearrings[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/6/48Portrait photgraph of an elderly Nuer man wearing beads andearrings[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/6/49-53Portraits of young Nuer men[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/6/54-55Portraits of young Nuer women[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/6/56-57Portraits of a Nuer man smoking a pipe[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/6/58-66Portraits of Nuer men wearing a shirt and beads[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/6/67-75Photos of Nuer people at a ceremony or gathering, some withtribal scars or wearing ash

[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/7/1-24Photographs of DInka and their cattle:

[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/7/1,12Young Dinka man with his “song bull”[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/7/2,5Dinka men covered in ash, in front of a herd of cattle[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/7/3Dinka women walking by a herd of cattle in a zariba[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/7/4Herd of Dinka cattle walking by a river bank[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/7/6Dinka woman with herd of cattle[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/7/7Tethered cattle at a Dinka cattle camp[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/7/8Dinka men at a cattle camp with tukls visible in the background[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/7/9Dinka cattle camp[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/7/10Dinka cattle camp on the bank of a river[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/7/11Men, women and children at a Dinka cattle camp[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/7/13Calves feeding at a Dinka cattle camp

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[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/7/14Young Dinka man milking a tethered cow at a cattle camp[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/7/15Tethered goats at a Dinka cattle camp with cows and tukls inbackground[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/7/16-17Dinka cattle on a road[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/7/18-21Dinka cattle grazing[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/7/22Dinka man with bull [possibly “song bull” ] and calf by a riverbank[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/7/23Dinka “song bull” tethered[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/7/24Dinka cattle in long grass

[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/8/1-42Photographs of Baqqarah:

[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/8/1-6Baqqarah horsemen wearing chainmail armour and holdingspears [possibly at a tribal gathering][1940s-1950s]SAD.58/8/7Three Baqqarah horsemen wearing chainmail armour (one alsowearing a helmet) and holding spears [possibly at a tribalgathering][1940s-1950s]SAD.58/8/8Baqqarah horseman wearing helmet and chainmail armour withfour other horsemen in background one of whom is carrying aflag[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/8/9Baqqarah horseman holding a spear with other men stood in thebackground[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/8/10Baqqarah horseman passing a line of women dancing [possiblyat a tribal gathering][1940s-1950s]SAD.58/8/11Baqqarah horsemen holding spears [possibly at a tribalgathering], sorrounded by men wearing white robes[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/8/12Line of Baqqarah horsemen wearing white robes and holdingspears [possibly at a tribal gathering][1940s-1950s]SAD.58/8/13Two camels with decorated hawdajs [possibly at a Baqqarahtribal gathering][1940s-1950s]SAD.58/8/14Bulls carrying decorated hawdajs being led by a group of women[possibly at a Baqqarah tribal gathering]

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[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/8/15-16Bulls wearing decorated hawdajs [possibly at a Baqqarah tribalgathering][1940s-1950s]SAD.58/8/17-18Baqqarah women dancing, wearing dresses and skirts[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/8/19-20Baqqarah women dancing wearing dresses and skirts, observedby groups of Baqqarah men[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/8/21Line of Baqqarah boys wearing jallabiyyahs[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/8/22-23Portraits of Nazir 'umum ̀ Uthman ( “Babu” ) Nimr of the Misiriyah[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/8/24Portrait of Nur al-Din al-Sereir[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/8/25Portrait of Sereyr al-Haj of the Jubarat[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/8/26Portrait of Zubayr al-Haj, 'umdah of the Jubarat and brother ofthe Fallata nazir Sereyr[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/8/27-28Portraits of 'Ali Nimr, nazir of the Humr Agaira and half-brotherof nazir `umum Uthman ("Babu") Nimr of the Misiriyah[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/8/29Portrait of Bushara Safi[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/8/30Portrait of Izz al-Din Humelda[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/8/31Portrait of Hamad Muhammad Daf'Allah[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/8/32Portrait of Khorgas Meridi[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/8/33Portrait of Fadl [Rubeita][1940s-1950s]SAD.58/8/34-40Portraits of unnamed men [possibly Baqqarah][1940s-1950s]SAD.58/8/41-42Contact sheets showing images of various Baqqarah triballeaders and scenes of a Baqqarah tribal gathering

[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/9/1-55General photographs of Sudanese people and communities:

[1939-1945]SAD.58/9/1Sudanese military band playing to a large crowd of British andSudanese in Khartoum sometime during the Second World War[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/9/2-9Sudanese sais posing with a horse[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/9/10Sudanese girl dancing in front of crowd of onlookers[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/9/11-12Sudanese policemen with their camels

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[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/9/13Sudanese policemen with rifles aboard two motor trucks[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/9/14Sudanese policemen with rifles and spades[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/9/15Howell's two Sudanese servants on the steps of his house[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/9/16N. Sudanese man in front of brick-built house with corrugatedroof, possibly Howell's dwelling[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/9/17Men with camels at the edge of a river[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/9/18Three Northern Sudanese men standing by a truck[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/9/19Two Bija men standing by a camel[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/9/20Bija boys sitting by [a well][1940s-1950s]SAD.58/9/21Bija men stood with camels[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/9/22Group of Bija men with British official in foreground[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/9/23Hadanduwah man with mule carrying sacks[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/9/24Bija men wearing white robes at a meeting[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/9/25[Hadanduwah] man bowling in a cricket match[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/9/26Group of [Hadanduwah] men[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/9/27Sudanese official standing next to truck with two Sudanesepolicemen in the background[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/9/28Sudanese boys using a bucket to raise water from a well[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/9/29Sudanese official standing in front of bushes[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/9/30Four Southern Sudanese women carrying gourds and a bundleof sticks[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/9/31Southern Sudanese people carrying possessions towards avillage[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/9/32-33Two Southern Sudanese men constructing a frame for a tukl[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/9/34-35Southern Sudanese men digging foundations for a tukl[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/9/36Young Southern Sudanese woman posing in front of a log fence[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/9/37Three young Southern Sudanese girls by a river bank

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[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/9/38Group of young Southern Sudanese children with tukl inbackground[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/9/39Large group of Southern Sudanese children with mountain inbackground[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/9/40Southern Sudanese man tending crops1950 MaySAD.58/9/41Crops growing in front of village in the Bor area[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/9/42Nyambara men with spears and bows in a canoe on the WhiteNile near Terakeka, Equatoria[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/9/43-44Southern Sudanese men with dugout canoe[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/9/45Southern Sudanese man with ambach canoe[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/9/46Group of Southern Sudanese men and women by a river bank[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/9/47Southern Sudanese man sitting by a river bank[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/9/48Three Southern Sudanese men standing in a river[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/9/49-50Two Southern Sudanese men carrying children[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/9/51-52Southern Sudanese men chopping trees with axes[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/9/53Group of [Dinka] men performing a tribal dance with spears[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/9/54Groups of Southern Sudanese men carrying the roof of a tuklon their heads[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/9/55Contact sheet showing village scenes in Southern Sudan

[1948 - 1954]SAD.59/1/1-77Photographs relating to the work of the Jonglei Investigation Team[JIT]:

[1948 - 1954]SAD.59/1/Surveying and measuring[1948 - 1954]SAD.59/1/1Meausuring rod, secured to a rock in a river, used to measurewater level[1948 - 1954]SAD.59/1/2Measuring rod secured against a rock in a dry riverbed[1948 - 1954]SAD.59/1/3Measuring pole dug into the ground[1948 - 1954]SAD.59/1/4JIT worker holding a measuring rod from a bridge into a dryriverbed

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[1948 - 1954]SAD.59/1/5JIT worker preparing a measuring rod to be used in the sudd[1948 - 1954]SAD.59/1/6Measurements drawn up the bank of a river to measure waterlevel[1948 - 1954]SAD.59/1/7JIT worker holding a measuring rod on the bank of a river[1948 - 1954]SAD.59/1/8Blocks up a river bank to measure water level[1948 - 1954]SAD.59/1/9Policeman and local people standing next to a block designedto measure water level[1948 - 1954]SAD.59/1/10John Sutcliffe, JIT surveyor, using a theodolite in the sudd[1948 - 1954]SAD.59/1/11JIT worker surveying in the sudd using a telescopic instrumentor theodolite, accompanied by two southern Sudanese men(possibly Shiulluk)and two Sudanese policemen[1948 - 1954]SAD.59/1/12Member of the JIT team gauging the flow of a river usingequipment [possibly used to measure radioisotopes]. Theequipment is attached to a line strung across the river, held bya Sudanese man on the opposite bank[1948 - 1954]SAD.59/1/13Two JIT workers holding a line across a river attached to whichis a piece of equipment used to gauge the flow of the river[possibly by measuring radioisotopes]. A British member of theJIT sits on the farthest bank measuring the readings.[1948 - 1954]SAD.59/1/14Two Sudanese men holding a line across a river attached towhich is a piece of equipment used to gauge the flow of the river[possibly by measuring radioisotopes]. A British member of theJIT sits on the nearest bank measuring the readings whilst agroup of Sudanese men look on from the opposite bank.[1948 - 1954]SAD.59/1/15Two JIT workers stringing a line across a river [possibly to beused to set up equipment used for gauging the flow of the river][1948 - 1954]SAD.59/1/16Two JIT workers on a boat measure the depth of the White Nilenear the mouth of the Sobat using a long surveying pole[1948 - 1954]SAD.59/1/17British member of the JIT [possibly John Sutcliffe] in a rowingboat with a group of Sudanese men, measuring the depth of alake or river using a long surveying pole[1948 - 1954]SAD.59/1/18British member of the JIT standing in a shallow river or floodedswamp measuring the depth using a surveying pole[1948 - 1954]SAD.59/1/19Hat floating near an upright surveying pole

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[1948 - 1954]SAD.59/1/20-22John Sutcliffe, JIT surveyor, and a group of Sudanese mensetting up gauging equipment in the sudd[1948 - 1954]SAD.59/1/23Two JIT workers digging in the sudd [for mud samples][1948 - 1954]SAD.59/1/24-25Sudanese man lifting water out of a deep hole using a tin can[1948 - 1954]SAD.59/1/26Sudanese man digging a hole observed by two British membersof the JIT and a group of Sudanese men[1948 - 1954]SAD.59/1/27JIT worker digging a hole while two other men [take earthsamples][1948 - 1954]SAD.59/1/28Sudanese men, one with a rifle, arranging planks across acauseway[1948 - 1954]SAD.59/1/29Three JIT workers sitting in a grassy open area[1948 - 1954]SAD.59/1/30Southern Sudanese man retrieving equipment from a river[1951 - 1952]SAD.59/1/31Close up shot of dry cracked mud in the Machar marshes,Southern Sudan[1948 - 1954]SAD.59/1/32Group of Sudanese workers gathered around a crane[1948 - 1954]SAD.59/1/33Group of Sudanese men gathered around a crane with barrelsin the foreground and a truck with “Sudan Government, JongleiInvestigation Team” written on the door[1948 - 1954]SAD.59/1/34-36Group of Southern Sudanese men, led by a Sudanesepoliceman, carrying and dragging a boat through the sudd[1948 - 1954]SAD.59/1/37-38Group of Sudanese men travelling through the sudd on a boatusing long poles including a surveying pole[1948 - 1954]SAD.59/1/39Group of Sudanese workers on board two boats stationary inthe sudd[1948 - 1954]SAD.59/1/40K.E. Sneldon and colleague, members of the JIT, travellingaboard a motor dinghy, and towing a rowing boat containingSudanese workers behind[1948 - 1954]SAD.59/1/41K.E. Sneldon and another British member of the JIT with threeSudanese workers on board a dinghy[1948 - 1954]SAD.59/1/42K.E. Sneldon standing in a river by a motor dinghy, in the AliabValley, with a group of Sudanese JIT workers. Another boatcontaining Sudanese men is passing in the background.

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[1948 - 1954]SAD.59/1/43K.E. Sneldon eating a meal aboard a boat on a river[1948 - 1954]SAD.59/1/44John Sutcliffe wading, chest deep, through the sudd watched bya group of JIT workers[1948 - 1954]SAD.59/1/45John Sutcliffe wading, chest deep, through the sudd[1948 - 1954]SAD.59/1/46Southern Sudanese man wading through the sudd watched bythree other men[1948 - 1954]SAD.59/1/47Group of Southern Sudanese people swimming and wadingthrough the sudd[1948 - 1954]SAD.59/1/48Sudanese man neck deep in the sudd[1948 - 1954]SAD.59/1/49JIT workers walking through long grass[1948 - 1954]SAD.59/1/50JIT worker and policeman wading through the sudd[1948 - 1954]SAD.59/1/51JIT workers, some holding rifles, wading through the sudd[1948 - 1954]SAD.59/1/52Sudanese men, one carrying a rifle, and a British member of theJIT struggling through the sudd[1948 - 1954]SAD.59/1/53John Sutcliffe wading chest deep through the sudd followed bya group of Sudanese men carrying rifles and equipment[1948 - 1954]SAD.59/1/54K.E. Sneldon waist deep in the Aliab swamps accompanied bya Sudanese man with shotgun and cartridge belt[1948 - 1954]SAD.59/1/55British member of the JIT knee deep in the Aliab swamps1951SAD.59/1/56-57JIT workers, one carrying a rifle, walking through the sudd in theAliab Valley[1948 - 1954]SAD.59/1/58Sudanese men waist deep in a river[1948 - 1954]SAD.59/1/59Sudanese men carrying equipment and a rifle wading, waistdeep, through a river[1948 - 1954]SAD.59/1/60Sudanese men and British members of the JIT wading chestdeep through a river carrying rifles and equipment[1948 - 1954]SAD.59/1/61Sudanese men and a British JIT member wading knee deepthrough a river[1948 - 1954]SAD.59/1/62Sudanese men on the back of a JIT truck with two British JITstaff standing on the roof of the truck

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[1948 - 1954]SAD.59/1/63Large group of Sudanese men pushing a JIT truck up a slope[1948 - 1954]SAD.59/1/64JIT jeep and truck parked side by side with Sudanese menunloading equipment[1948 - 1954]SAD.59/1/65British JIT member in front of JIT truck surrounded by a groupof Southern Sudanese men and policemen[1948 - 1954]SAD.59/1/66Large number of British and Sudanese involved in the JIT aboardfour JIT trucks parked on a road[1948 - 1954]SAD.59/1/67Two JIT trucks parked on a ferry[1948 - 1954]SAD.59/1/68Members of the JIT accompanied by a large group of Sudanesemen in front of the river steamer the S.R.S. Dal[1948 - 1954]SAD.59/1/69-72The river steamer the S.R.S. Dal[1948 - 1954]SAD.59/1/73-75Views of the bridge of the river steamer the S.R.S. Dal[1948 - 1954]SAD.59/1/76Four Sudanese men playing cards on the deck of the riversteamer the S.R.S. Dal[1948 - 1954]SAD.59/1/77Shipbuilders plate [of the river steamer the S.R.S. Dal] inscribed“John Elder & Co., Engineers and Shipbuilders, Glasgow”[1948 - 1954]SAD.59/2/90-111Photographs relating to the Jonglei Investigation Team:[1948 - 1954]SAD.59/2/90-967 photos of two British members of the JIT [possibly B.H. Dening,Assistant District Commissioner Upper Nile Province, and J.Winder, Deputy Governor Upper Nile Province] bathing andswimming near a small waterfall[1948 - 1954]SAD.59/2/97-98Views of a camp set up by the JIT[1948 - 1954]SAD.59/2/99View of palm trees by a river[1948 - 1954]SAD.59/2/100Stacks of construction blocks by a river bank[1948 - 1954]SAD.59/2/101Four Sudanese men playing cards[1948 - 1954]SAD.59/2/102JIT survey team staff posing in front of a dead buffalo. Left toright: Makongo subchief, Koce Jumbri, chainman, game scout(holding a rifle) and two servants[1948 - 1954]SAD.59/2/103Large group of Sudanese men, possibly members of the JITsurvey team, posing on and around a dead elephant

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[1948 - 1954]SAD.59/2/104Three Sudanese policemen holding rifles, mounted on horses,with pack mules[1948 - 1954]SAD.59/2/105Sudanese JIT staff by side of river[1948 - 1954]SAD.59/2/106Southern Sudanese men digging in open grassland to helpstudents studying agriculture in [Rumbek][1948 - 1954]SAD.59/2/107B.H. Dening, Assistant District Commissioner Upper NileProvince, J. Basinski, JIT Pasture Research and Inspector ofAgriculture Upper Nile Province and J. Sutcliffe, Surveyor, saittingaround a meal table[1948 - 1954]SAD.59/2/108Three British members of the JIT standing in front of a deHavilland Dove aeroplane while two Sudanese men removeluggage and equipment[1948 - 1954]SAD.59/2/109Sudanese member of the JIT talking to a Sudanese officialwearing a sash[1948 - 1954]SAD.59/2/110Group of JIT staff and local men wearing head-dresses madefrom grass[1948 - 1954]SAD.59/2/111Map showing a series of rivers and tributaries somewhere inSouthern Sudan[1948 - 1954]SAD.59/2/1-89Landscape views including rivers and mountains[1948 - 1954]SAD.59/2/1-88 views of a river [possibly the River Yabus – a tributary of theWhite Nile, which flows from East Sudan into Abyssinia and back– above the defile][1948 - 1954]SAD.59/2/9Sudanese people sitting at a hafir[1948 - 1954]SAD.59/2/10Unidentified hafir1949 Nov 17SAD.59/2/11-12Hafir at Girbanat, Upper Nile Province1949 Nov 17SAD.59/2/13Funnelling bank at the hafir at Girbanat, Upper Nile Province1949 Nov 17SAD.59/2/14Inlet to the hafir at Girbanat, Upper Nile Province1949 JulSAD.59/2/15View, from boat, of the upper Bahr al-Ghazal, 10 miles due southof Lake Ambadi[1948 - 1954]SAD.59/2/16Small dam1949 Nov 25SAD.59/2/17Hafir at Mabuba

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1949 OctSAD.59/2/18-20Views of an open area of grassland at Dekwok[1948 - 1954]SAD.59/2/21-24British member of the JIT beside a river bank[1948 - 1954]SAD.59/2/25View of the [River Kineti, Mongalla Province] 1 km below theroad bridge[1948 - 1954]SAD.59/2/26View of the [River Loliri, Uganda] at the Torit to Nimule roadcrossing[1948 - 1954]SAD.59/2/27River Lokalyan near [Kalimulinga], Mongalla Province, at highspate[1948 - 1954]SAD.59/2/28River Thingaita at Kapoeta showing standing waves formed ascrest of spate passes[1948 - 1954]SAD.59/2/29View of River Ashua from a bridge looking downstream[1948 - 1954]SAD.59/2/30View of an Irish bridge (low water crossing) over a torrent eastof the Boya Hills, Mongalla Province[1948 - 1954]SAD.59/2/31Water ponded upstream of an Irish bridge (low water crossing)over a torrent east of the Boya Hills, Mongalla Province[1948 - 1954]SAD.59/2/32-33River Kidepo looking downstream from a bridge[1948 - 1954]SAD.59/2/34River Kit at Magwi, Mongalla Province, with the Torit to Nimuleroad crossing in background[1948 - 1954]SAD.59/2/35Bahr al-Jabal downstream of the Makedo Falls,with Kiri Fort inthe right background[1948 - 1954]SAD.59/2/36View of a river [possibly the Bahr al-Jabal][1948 - 1954]SAD.59/2/37-38Views of grassland area [possibly near the Bahr al-Jabal][1948 - 1954]SAD.59/2/39View of river with mountains in background[1948 - 1954]SAD.59/2/40View of tree lined valley with mountain range in background[1948 - 1954]SAD.59/2/41-42Views of mountain with ruined wall in foreground[1948 - 1954]SAD.59/2/43-45Views of town with mountains in background[1948 - 1954]SAD.59/2/46-72Unidentified river views1950 FebSAD.59/2/73Small tributary of the River Kinyeti near Gilo[1948 - 1954]SAD.59/2/74-87Views of hills and mountains

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[1948-1954]SAD.59/2/88View of a dry river bed[1948 - 1954]SAD.59/2/89View of dense forest

1922 - 1931SAD.390/1/1-6Selection of photographs taken by Percy Coriat with captions by D.Johnson:

1928 - 1931SAD.390/1/1View from the top of the pyramid of Dengkur, also known asNgungdeng's mound, after its destruction1928SAD.390/1/2Sudan soldiers with camels at rest during Patrol S.81928SAD.390/1/3Large group of Nuer Chiefs posing in front of a biplane outsidea hangar at the RAF base in Khartoum1922SAD.390/1/4The post office at Ayod, Upper Nile Province, sited under a largetree1922-1926SAD.390/1/5Two Nuer men wearing beads and feathers1926SAD.390/1/6Gawaar prophet Dwal Diu smoking a pipe

[1980s]SAD.390/2/1-24Photographs used in P.P. Howell, M. Lock and S. Cobb (eds), TheJonglei Canal: impact and opportunity, (1988)

1985 JunSAD.390/2/1The southern end of the Jonglei Canal viewed from the spaceshuttle. The bend lies north of Kongor. Photo by Nasa1982SAD.390/2/2The southern end of the Jonglei Canal running through openwoodland of Balanites Aegyptiaca. The digging machine can beseen at the top right of the picture. Photo by Alison Cobb1982SAD.390/2/3Jonglei Canal digging machine. The excavating unit and bucketwheel are on the left. Photo by Alison Cobb1982SAD.390/2/4Jonglei Canal digging machine. The excavating unit and bucketwheel are on the right. Photo by J. Goldsworthy[1980s]SAD.390/2/5The Owen Falls Dam at Jinja, Uganda, where the Nile leavesLake Victoria. Photo by L. McGowan[1980s]SAD.390/2/6Murchison (Kabalega) Falls, Uganda, where the Nile drops intothe Lake Albert basin. Photo by L. McGowan1986 JanSAD.390/2/7The northern end of the Jonglei Canal, where the canal joins theWhite Nile at its junction with the Sobat, viewed from space.Photo by Nasa

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[1980s]SAD.390/2/8The channel of the Bahr al-Jabal showing spillage into a lagoon(right). Photo by A. Cobb[1980s]SAD.390/2/9Swamp vegetation in the centre of the sudd. Photo by A. Cobb[1980s]SAD.390/2/10Woodland to the east of Ayod. Photo by M. Lock[1980s]SAD.390/2/11Vegetation colonisation of a lake. Photo by M. Lock[1980s]SAD.390/2/12A sudd blockage of the main channel of the Bahr al-Jabal. Photoby A. Cobb[1980s]SAD.390/2/13A young Dinka in traditional dress (beaded corset andcolobus-skin kilt) with his “song bull”. Photo by J. Goldsworthy[1980s]SAD.390/2/14Vertical aerial view of a Dinka cattle camp in the early morningin which can be identified the individual hearths. Photo by A.Cobb[1980s]SAD.390/2/15Dinka cattle tethered to pegs in the early morning in a largedry-season cattle camp. Photo by A. Cobb[1980s]SAD.390/2/16Dinka cattle drinking from a rain pool in the early wet season.Photo by M. Lock[1980s]SAD.390/2/17Tethered goats lying on a large ash mound (hearth) in a Dinkacattle camp. Photo by A. Cobb[1980s]SAD.390/2/18Temporary huts in a Nuer dry season cattle camp. Young calveslie in the foreground. Photo by A. Cobb[1980s]SAD.390/2/19Aerial view of a Dinka homestead with, from left, the luak, cookinghouse, and tukl. Cattle are tethered in front of the luak. Photoby A. Cobb[1980s]SAD.390/2/20A Nuer communal fishing party. Photo by P.P. Howell[1980s]SAD.390/2/21Bundles of dried fish awaiting export from the sudd. Photo byM. Lock[1980s]SAD.390/2/22A herd of elephants in a swamp north of Bor during the dryseason. Photo by A. Cobb[1980s]SAD.390/2/23Group of Nuer youths about to cut up a tiang that they, with thehelp of their dogs, have run down and speared. Photo by A.Cobb[1980s]SAD.390/2/24Southern Sudanese on the Bor-Kongor road, after improvement,during the wet season. Photo by M. Lock

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[1940s - 1960s]SAD.390/3/1-10Photographs of, or featuring, Howell:

[1940s]SAD.390/3/1Portrait of Howell[1940s]SAD.390/3/2Howell in Sudan Political Service uniform[1940s]SAD.390/3/3Howell (seated second from right) and a number of Britishofficials at a dinner with a large group of Egyptian officials[1940]SAD.390/3/4Sir Stewart Symes, Governor-General, (seated centre) with hispersonal staff in the Governor-General's palace. Standing (l tor): Àbd al-Gadir al-Sobahi; Àbd al-Ghani; al-Amin al-Shaykh;Muhammad Babikr; Da'ud Khalili; Hasan Àli; MuhammadGuma'a. Seated (l to r): S.F.G Smith; G.D.N. Clark, DistrictCommissioner, Gezira Province; Sir Stewart Symes,Governor-General; P.P. Howell, Aide-de-Camp and AssistantPrivate Secretary to the Governor-General; Husayn Bey Tahir[1940s]SAD.390/3/5-6Howell seated on the front steps of his house[1940s]SAD.390/3/7Howell (left) with S.F.G. Smith and family[1940s]SAD.390/3/8P.P. Howell (far right) with other British officials walking on a hillwith mountain range in background[1940s]SAD.390/3/9Howell (left) with Sir Stewart Symes (centre) and other officialson the steps of the Governor General's Palace[1966]SAD.390/3/10Howell as head of the British delegation to the Central TreatyOrganisation (CENTO) Economic Committee

[1940s - 1950s]SAD.390/4/1-36Photographs of Howell's colleagues, friends and family:

[1940s - 1950s]SAD.390/4/1-2J.G. Mavrogordato, Deputy Legal Secretary and AdvocateGeneral writing at a desk[1940s - 1950s]SAD.390/4/3-4Officials in the Legislative Assembly[1940s - 1950s]SAD.390/4/5-8British men and women playing polo on donkeys using hockeysticks[1940s - 1950s]SAD.390/4/9Three British officials standing in the middle of a road by a truck[1940s]SAD.390/4/10-11British officials examining a machine gun[1940s - 1950s]SAD.390/4/12British official with child[1940s - 1950s]SAD.390/4/13British official with camera

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[1940s - 1950s]SAD.390/4/14British couple playing table tennis on the veranda of a house[1940s - 1950s]SAD.390/4/15British official on camel with Sudanese man in foreground[1940s - 1950s]SAD.390/4/16British official on camel[1940s - 1950s]SAD.390/4/17Interior of large tent with British official seated in the corner[1940s - 1950s]SAD.390/4/18British officials including Sir Hubert Huddleston (2nd from left)seated around a table under a large tree[1940s - 1950s]SAD.390/4/19Two British officials with cameras with Bija man and camel inbackground[1940s - 1950s]SAD.390/4/20-21Group of British officials seated around a table waited on by aSudanese servant[1940s - 1950s]SAD.390/4/22-36Unidentified British officials

[1940s - 1950s]SAD.58/10/1-4;390/5/1-17 Photographs of wildlife:

[1940s-1950s]SAD.58/10/1-4Dead elephant, one with the hunter sitting on top[1940s-1950s]SAD.390/5/1-2Rhinoceros in Nimule Game Reserve[1940s - 1950s]SAD.390/5/3-7Kudu on a cliff side, possibly in western Kordofan[1940s - 1950s]SAD.390/5/8-12Birds in the grounds of the Governor-General's Palace, Khartoum[1940s - 1950s]SAD.390/5/13-16Flocks of birds in an open grassland[1940s - 1950s]SAD.390/5/17Close up shot of a chameleon on a rock

[1940s - 1950s]SAD.78/1/1-7Photographs of public and domestic buildings:

[1940s - 1950s]SAD.78/1/1-2Trees in blossom on the road in front of the Governor-General'sPalace, Khartoum, with the Nile in the background[1940s - 1950s]SAD.78/1/3-5Unidentified government building, probably Khartoum[1940s - 1950s]SAD.78/1/6Kitchener Gate, Suakin[1940s - 1950s]SAD.78/1/7Interior of a house, probably Howell's home

[1940s-1990]SAD.78/2/1-18Photographs of landscapes:

[1940s - 1950s]SAD.78/2/1-4Unidentified mountain range

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[1940s - 1950s]SAD.78/2/5-6Euphorbia, probably in the Red Sea Hills[1940s - 1950s]SAD.78/2/7View of plain from the top of a high hill[1940s - 1950s]SAD.78/2/8-9Petrol cans in a rocky landscape[1940s - 1950s]SAD.78/2/10-11View of a river with grass fire on the opposite bank[1940s - 1950s]SAD.78/2/12-14Tents in campsite[1940s - 1950s]SAD.78/2/15View of mountain range with river in background[1940s - 1950s]SAD.78/2/16Aerial view of rivers and flooded area[1940s - 1950s]SAD.78/2/17View from aeroplane of grassland and hills1990 MaySAD.78/2/18View of a channel cut into the Jonglei canal near [Pok Tap], Bahral-Ghazal (colour). Caption by Douglas Johnson.

[1939-1942]SAD.78/3/1-5252 photographs of military activity in Eritrea, seemingly under Italianoccupation, during the Second World War. Includes photographs ofa bombing raid, and its aftermath, at Gura; bombing and destructionat a Caproni aircraft production facility [possibly that near Gura whichwas later occupied by Allied forces]; and bombing and destruction atCorbaria. Also includes photographs of the movement of [Allied] forcesthrough an unidentified town [most likely in Eritrea]

[1939-1945]SAD.78/4/1-11Photographs, taken during the Second World War, of the Ethiopiancrown jewels (SAD.78/4/1-4) and the interior and exterior of the Churchof Saint Mary of Zion at Axum, Ethiopia (SAD.78/4/5-10. Also includesone landscape photograph of an unknown village [possibly near Axum](SAD.78/4/11).

[1939-1945]SAD.78/5/1-14Photographs taken around an unidentified Ethiopian town [possiblyAxum] during the Second World War. Includes one photograph ofthree Italian M11/39 tanks (SAD.78/5/14).

[1939-1945]SAD.78/6/1-37Photographs of various points of interest around Ethiopia and Eritreataken around the time of the Second World War. Includes a separatelist giving specific details for each photo (SAD.78/6/36-37). Note: photonumber 30 in the original sequence is missing:

[1939-1945]SAD.78/6/1-2Mussolini tunnel, on Mount Termaber[1939-1945]SAD.78/6/3Monument to those killed during the construction of the greatImperial Way and the Mussolini tunnel

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[1939-1945]SAD.78/6/4-7Views of the great Imperial Way on Mount Termaber[1939-1945]SAD.78/6/8Panorama of Debra Sina[1939-1945]SAD.78/6/9The great Imperial Way through the forest of Ciaracia[1939-1945]SAD.78/6/10Centre of Dessie, Ethiopia[1939-1945]SAD.78/6/11The Imperial Way through Dessie[1939-1945]SAD.78/6/12Eucalyptus wood near Dessie[1939-1945]SAD.78/6/13-14Lake Haic, Ethiopia, with St Stephen's island in the background[1939-1945]SAD.78/6/15The great Imperial Way near Alamata with the Cobbo plain inthe background[1939-1945]SAD.78/6/16Panorama of Quoram[1939-1945]SAD.78/6/17-18Views of Lake Ascianghi, Ethiopia[1939-1945]SAD.78/6/19Panorama of Mai Ceu (Maychew), Ethiopia[1939-1945]SAD.78/8/20Village at Mai Ceu (Maychew) with Amba Aradam in thebackground[1939-1945]SAD.78/6/21Amba Alagi[1939-1945]SAD.78/6/22The Imperial Way near Aiba Pass, seen from the Toselli Pass[1939-1945]SAD.78/6/23Toselli Pass at Amba Alagi[1939-1945]SAD.78/6/24Enda Medani Alem - the Coptic Church where Pietro Toselli,who died at the Battle of Amba Alagi, was buried[1939-1945]SAD.78/6/25Fort Galliano at Macalle[1939-1945]SAD.78/6/26The great Imperial Way near Senafe[1939-1945]SAD.78/6/27The great Imperial Way near Maaraba and Saganeita[1939-1945]SAD.78/6/28Panorama of Decamere[1939-1945]SAD.78/6/29Rock formaiton on the outskirts of Decamere[1939-1945]SAD.78/6/30Street in Asmara[1939-1945]SAD.78/6/31Cathedral in Asmara

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[1939-1945]SAD.78/6/32-33The Coptic Church in Asmara[1939-1945]SAD.78/6/34The mosque in Asmara[1939-1945]SAD.78/6/35Large square in Asmara with the mosque in the background

[1940s]SAD.78/7/1-3Photographs of Allied military bands parading in front of an airportbuilding in [Eritrea]

[1940s]SAD.78/8/1-18Unidentified photographs, possibly taken in Ethiopia and/or Eritreaaround the time of the Second World Wa including an [RAF fighter]aeroplane (SAD.78/8/1); a road leading through mountains [possiblypart of the “great Imperial Way”] (SAD.78/8/2); the verandah of amodern house (SAD.78/8/3); buildings [at the Caproni aircraft facilitynear Gura] (SAD.78/8/4-5); an unidentified town [possibly Gura orCorbaria] (SAD.78/8/6); and mountainous landscapes (SAD.78/8/7-15)

[1930s - 1940s]SAD.78/9/1-2Photographs of a street map of an unidentified town, probably inAbyssinia or Eritrea

[1930s - 1940s]SAD.78/9/3-4Views of unidentified town, possibly in Eritrea, with large hill ormountain in background

Negatives[1930s - 1950s]SAD.78/10Negatives of images of landscapes, wildlife, people and tribes of theSudan and Ethiopia, mostly of printed photographs in the collection[1930s - 1950s]SAD.79/1Negatives of images of landscapes, wildlife, people and tribes of theSudan, mostly of printed photographs in the collection[1930s - 1950s]SAD.79/2Negatives of images of landscapes, wildlife, people and tribes of theSudan, mostly of printed photographs in the collection

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13. Maps and Plans

[ca. 1930s]SAD.769/7/3Map of western Kordofan showing the area occupied by the NgokDinka

[ca. 1930s]SAD.769/7/7Sketch plan of tomb and 4 huts of Fapiti (on the back of an old invoice)

1935 FebSAD/PF 28/2/1Map of the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan reproduced by the Sudan SurveyDepartment

[1940s]SAD/PF 28/2/2Map of a section of the White Nile running through White Nile Provinceand part of Upper Nile Province, drawn by the Sudan SurveyDepartment (Topo. No.S.834-50)

1952SAD/PF 28/1/4Map of the Bangwuelu Swamps, Zambia (plotted by F. Debenham,compiled and drawn by Directorate of Colonial Surveys)

1954SAD/PF 28/2/3Map of East Africa (Kenya, Uganda and Tanganyika) showingpopulation density, tsetse fly infestation and reliability of annual rainfall(drawn by Directorate of Colonial Surveys from information suppliedby the Royal Commission to East Africa)

1961SAD/PF 28/2/4Transport map of Sudan

[1970s]SAD/PF 28/2/5Map showing the suggested alignment of the Jonglei Canal to theeast of the settled areas between Bor and Duk Faiwil, Upper NileProvince

1984SAD/PF 28/2/6Map showing the alignment of the Jonglei Canal in Bor District

1987SAD.769/7/4-6[MP]Maps drawn by Rosalind Caldecott for K.D.D. Henderson's Set underauthority (1987) Copyright, Rosalind Caldecott

1987SAD.769/7/4[MP]Map of the Anglo-Egyptian SudanScale: 1 in to 100 milesSize: 28.5 x 37 cm1987SAD.769/7/5[MP]Map of the Nuba MountainsSize: 20.5 x 19 cms1987SAD.769/7/6[MP]Map of the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan showing boundaries and rivers.No place names marked. Base map for SAD.769/7/4[MP] above

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[1980s]SAD/PF 28/2/7Photocopy of a map showing the routes of cattle movement of theTwic Dinka near Bor, Upper Nile Province

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14. Newspaper Cuttings

1946 Feb 16SAD.80/2/1Article by unknown author from the New Statesman and Nationconcerning the life of anthropologist Jack Driberg

1975 Sep 27SAD.80/2/2Obituary of Sudanese politician, Sayyidd Buth Diu, from The Times

1978 Feb 4SAD.80/2/3“Saving the Sudd”, article from The Economist

[1980s] Oct 1SAD.80/2/4Reprint of a letter to the editor of The Times entitled “By him whosleeps in Philae”, by G. Birdwood (originally printed 1 Oct 1912)

[1980s]SAD.80/2/5“Changes on the Nile”, letter from G. Dickinson and J. Briggs printedin [The Scotsman]

1982 Feb 20SAD.80/2/6-7“Sudan goes bust”, article from The Economist

1982 DecSAD.80/2/8-9Photocopy of the first page of “Half built canal still cause for dispute”,an article by D.P. Shaw and D. Leather in Geographical Magazine,with typescript covering note criticising the article

1984 Nov 6 – 1987 Nov 10SAD.80/2/10-11Photocopies of four cuttings of letters sent by G. Yeoman, geographerand explorer, to The Times and The Independent, entitled “Famine inEthiopia”, “Aid to African women”, “Population fears for Third World”,and “Feeble Nile a symbol of wider ills”

1989SAD.80/2/12-16“People of the Nile”, an article by G. Moorhouse, historian, fromTelegraph Weekend Magazine concerning the photographs of K.Nomachi

1990 May 25SAD.80/2/17-18“Tension flows from ebbing Nile”, an article by A. Hindley from MEED

1990 Mar 8SAD.80/2/19-20“Middle East's cup runneth dry”, an article by G.D. Moffet from TheChristian Science Monitor

1990 Mar 27SAD/80/2/21“Seeds of conflict are water-borne in parched Middle East”, an articleby C. Walker from The Times

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15. Printed Material

Extract from Aucuparius: recollections of a recruiting officer by R.D.Furse (1962), pp 288-291, containing references to the Sudanesesystem of administration

SAD.769/7/8-9

Gillan, J.A.: Some aspects of Nuba administration Sudan Governmentmemoranda no 1 (with note by Howell) (Khartoum, 1931) (Dupl. atSudA. PK1453.3)

(b) In LibraryDurham University Library Printed material deposited with collection;now integrated into library and catalogued on OPAC.

Evans-Pritchard, E.E., The political system of the Anuak of theAnglo-Egyptian Sudan Monographs on social anthropology no 4(London School of Economics, 1940)

Grandin-Blanc, Nicole, “Le Soudan Nilotique et son administrationcoloniale Britannique (1898-1956). Éléments d'interprétationsocio-historique d'une expérience coloniale” Doctoral thesis preparedunder the direction of M. Paul Mercier, Director of Studies, École desHautes Études en Sciences Sociales, Paris (Paris, 1975)

Howell, P.P., “On the value of iron among the Nuer” repr. from Man,1947, 144

Howell, P.P. (ed), “The Equatorial Nile Project and its effects in theSudan”, a paper by members of the Jonglei Investigation Team ed.by P.P. Howell. Repr. from The Geographical Journal v119 pt 1 (1953)

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catalogue of the papers of p. p. howell

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