Catalyst

Pick up Papers from the frontCalculate the actual yield of Potassium Sulfate if you started with 15 g of Silver (II) Sulfate and excess Potassium Phosphate, which produced Potassium Sulfate at a 75% yield. Use the following equation:

AgSO4 + K3PO4 Ag3(PO4)2 + K2SO4

GRADE!

Catalyst

Pick up Papers from the frontCalculate the actual yield of Potassium Sulfate if you started with 15 g of Silver (II) Sulfate and excess Potassium Phosphate, which produced Potassium Sulfate at a 75% yield. Use the following equation:

AgSO4 + K3PO4 Ag3(PO4)2 + K2SO4

BIG GOAL

Explosion!(3 MINUTES)

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Explosion Questions1. What is the formula for

density?2. Give an example of a chemical

property.3. Give an example of a physical

property.4. What is the law of

conservation of mass?5. What is the law of definite

proportions?6. What is the law of multiple

proportions?7. Who discovered the electron?8. What are the three types of

radiation?9. Which particle is the biggest?10. Which is the smallest?11. Who is Ernest Rutherford?12. How do you find the number of

neutrons?

13. What is an isotope?14. What is the formula for Nitrite?15. What is the formula for

Perchlorate?16. What is the formula for

Hyposulfite?17. What is the empirical formula?18. What is the molecular

formula?19. What is the limiting reagent?20. What is the excess reagent?21. What is the % yield?22. What is % composition?23. What does it mean to be

aqueous?

WATER!

Electronegativity: The desire an atom has for electrons!

Fluorine is the MOST electronegative element!

Chart of Electronegativities – let’s compare H and O!What does this mean?

We know that H and O SHARE their electrons, so….let’s try drawing the Lewis Dot Structure to get

more information

H HO

So Oxygen has 2 lone pairs attached in order to fill it’s octet

It is also more electronegative than H…which means that O has a partial NEGATIVE charge!

δ-

We know that H and O SHARE their electrons, so….let’s try drawing the Lewis Dot Structure to get

more information

H HO

So Oxygen has 2 lone pairs attached in order to fill it’s octet

It is also more electronegative than H (it pulls the shared electrons a little more…which means that

O has a partial NEGATIVE charge!

δ-

We know that H and O SHARE their electrons, so….let’s try drawing the Lewis Dot Structure to get

more information

H HO

Since H is less electronegative, it pulls on the electrons LESS, so it has a

partial POSITIVE charge

δ-

δ+ δ+

Because there is a difference in charge, this is called a POLAR Molecule

H HOδ-

δ+ δ+

It also has a BENT shape!

Positive Ions will be attracted to the O end of the water molecule

H HOδ-

δ+ δ+

And Negative Ions will be attracted to the H ends of the water molecule

Because opposites attract!

Other polar molecules will be easily dissolved in water as well, because of the electromagnetic force

involved! (opposite charges attract!)

H HOδ-

δ+ δ+

Therefore…

“Like dissolves like”: Non-Polar solvents can dissolve non polar solutes (like fats!)!

“Like dissolves like”: Polar solvents (like water) can dissolve polar and ionic solute!

Strong and Weak Electrolytes

Electrolyte: A substance that when dissolved in water can produce a solution

that conducts an electric current

STRONG Electrolyte: produce a very STRONG current (bright light)

Ex: Ionic compounds, Strong Bases (NaOH), Strong Acids (HNO3) – these fully break apart (dissociate)

Electrolyte: A substance that when dissolved in water can produce a solution

that conducts an electric current

WEAK Electrolyte: produce a very WEAK current (dim light)

Ex. Weak Acids (Acetic Acid), Weak Bases (Ammonia) - these do NOT fully dissociate

Electrolyte: A substance that when dissolved in water can produce a solution

that conducts an electric current

NON Electrolytes: produce NO current (zero light)

Ex. Alcohols, sugars - these do NOT dissociate at all

Need to MEMORIZE ALL STRONG ACIDS AND BASES!

STRONG ACIDS: HCl, HBr, HI, HClO4, HNO3, H2SO4

STRONG BASES: Group 1 with OH ex. NaOH and KOH, etc…,

Ca(OH)2, Sr(OH)2, Ba(OH)2

Let’s Come up with a way to do so!

STRONG ACIDS:

STRONG BASES: