Catalyst

Complete K & W on KWL chart in guided notes

Objectives• SWBAT define metabolism

• SWBAT explain the ATP/ADP cycle

• SWBAT differentiate between autotrophs and heterotrophs

• SWBAT identify the types of energy involved in photosynthesis

• SWBAT identify the reactants and products of photosynthesis

METABOLISM

Use of energy by organisms

ATP

• ATP= adenosine triphosphate • Energy molecule of the cell • Like “Energy Currency”

How do we get energy from ATP?

• Energy is released from ATP when a phosphate group is removed• When the bond is broken, it becomes ADP (adenosine diphosphate)

Explain how the jar is like the ATP/ADP cycle.

How Organisms Get EnergyAutotrophs – Organisms that make their own energy(Also called producers)

Heterotrophs – Organisms that consume energy(Also called consumers)

What is Photosynthesis?

Photo= Light

Synthesis= To make or put things together

Photosynthesis= making glucose with light

WHAT is Photosynthesis

DEF – Using light energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into sugars and starches (chemical energy)

Light Energy Chemical Energy (ATP)

What is Photosynthesis?

WHAT is Photosynthesis

(inside chloroplast)6CO2+6H2O+sunlight C6H12O6+6O2

Reactants: Carbon dioxide, water, sunlight

Products: Glucose & Oxygen

Check for Understanding #1

What is the difference between autotrophs and heterotrophs?

A.) Autotrophs make their own energy and heterotrophs eat their energy

B.) Heterotrophs make their own energy and autotrophs eat their energy

C.) Both make their own energy

D.) Both consume their energy

Question 2

Why is ATP called energy currency?

A.) Because people like to spend it

B.) Because when a phosphate group of ADP is broken, it forms ATP and releases energy

C.) Because when an adenosine group of ATP is broken, it forms ADP and releases energy

D.) Because when a phosphate group of ATP is broken, it forms ADP and releases energy

Question 3 What are the reactants of photosynthesis?

A.) Glucose and oxygen

B.) Carbon dioxide and oxygen

C.) Carbon dioxide ,water, and light

D.) Water , glucose, and light

Question 4 What are the products of photosynthesis?

A.) Glucose and oxygen

B.) Carbon dioxide and oxygen

C.) Carbon dioxide and water

D.) Water and glucose

Question 5 What group of organisms convert light energy to chemical energy?

A.) Heterotrophs

B.) Consumers

C.) Autotrophs

D.) All of the above

WHO uses Photosynthesis Most autotrophs ALL plants,

Many bacteria {cyanobacteria},

Plant-like protists

WHEN does Photosynthesis occur Needs 3 factors to occur: * Sunlight Intensity {varies plant to plant} * Water {wax coat – adaptation in some} * Proper temperature – {0*C to 35*C}

WHERE Photosynthesis Occurs

In the ChloroplastsFound in plant cells

WHERE Photosynthesis Occurs

The main pigments inside a chloroplast are thylakoids that

absorb the light energy.

Chlorophyll - Green pigment

Carotene- Orange & brown

Who is lost?

WHERE Photosynthesis Occurs

Thylakoids are disk shaped membranes that contain pigments (chlorophyll) to absorb light.

A stack of thylakoids is called a granum

Light dependent reactions take place here.

WHERE Photosynthesis Occurs Stroma – Fluid outside the thylakoid.

Calvin Cycle= Dark Reaction =light independent reaction takes place here.

Question 6 Which part of the chloroplast is found in stacks?

A.) Granum

B.) Stroma

C.) Thylakoids

D.) Chlorophyll

Question 7 What do we call the fluid that surrounds the stacks?

A.) Chloroplast

B.) Chlorophyll

C.) Stroma

D.) Thylakoid

Question 8 Why are most plants green?

A.) Because St. Patrick likes green

B.) The presence of carotenoids

C.) The presence of stroma

D.) The presence of chlorophyll

Question 9 Why do some leaves turn color (red, orange, brown) in the fall?

A.) Production of chloroplasts decreases

B.) Production of chlorophyll decreases

C.) Chlorophyll stops working

D.) Stroma dries out

Photosynthesis

Light Dependent reactions

has two reactions

Light Independent reactions

Each reaction occurs in a different part of the chloroplast

Light Dependent Reaction

Light Independent Reaction (Calvin Cycle)

Light?Requires Light

Does not require light

Location Thylakoids Stroma

**REMEMBER: Thylakoids have chlorophyll. This chlorophyll makes them green. Chlorophyll absorbs light. Therefore thylakoids absorb light.Stroma DOES NOT have chlorophyll. Therefore, it DOES NOT absorb light. So the light independent reaction takes place in the stroma

What is NADPH?

*NADPH: Electron carrier involved in electron transport

When combined with ATP, this becomes an energy source in photsynthesis!

Step 1: Light Dependent Reactions

sun + H20 = ATP + NADPH + O2LIGHT ENERGY + WATER = Chemical ENERGY + OXYGEN

Light independent reactions (Calvin Cycle) to make sugar

NADPH+ATP are energy sources that connect the light dependent reaction to the light independent reaction

Question 1What are the reactants of the light-

dependent reaction?

A. Water + sunlightB. ATP + NADPH + O2

C. Water + ATPD. Sunlight + O2

Question 2 What are the products of the light-

dependent reactions?

A. Water + sunlightB. ATP + NADPH + O2

C. Water + ATPD. Sunlight + O2

ATP made during the light-dependent reaction travels from the thylakoids to the stroma to be used in the Calvin cycle ATP

Step 2: Light independent Reactions

ATP+NADPH+C02 = ADP+NADP+Sugar

Sugar (glucose)C6H12O6

ALSO KNOWN AS THE CALVEN CYCLE

Metabolism Objectives:

SWBAT identify the reactants and products of cellular respiration

SWBAT explain the three stages of cellular respiration (Glycolysis, Krebs, ETC)

SWBAT identify the parts of the mitochondria

SWBAT correlate the processes of respiration with the parts of the mitochondrion

Objectives (continued)

SWBAT differentiate between aerobic and anaerobic respiration

SWBAT explain why anaerobic respiration (fermentation) occurs

SWBAT identify and describe the two types of fermentation (lactic acid and alcoholic)

WHAT is Cellular Respiration

DEF –Process that releases energy (ATP) by breaking down glucose (food) molecules

WHO uses Cellular RespirationEVERY

organism ALL life

Plants

AnimalsFungi

Bacteria*

Protists

How do plants do cellular respiration? I thought plants did photosynthesis???

They do BOTH!!!!!!

WHAT is Cellular Respiration

Formula

6O2 + C6H12O6 6CO2 +6H2O + ATP

Reactants: Glucose & Oxygen

Products: Carbon dioxide, water & energy

CO2 H20

2C3H4O3

O2

2 2 32

C6H12O6

WHEN does Cellular Respiration occur

When glucose and oxygen are available

Called aerobic respiration

WHERE Cellular Respiration Occurs

In the mitochondrion

Three steps to cellular respiration 1. Glycolysis

2. Krebs cycle

3. Electron Transport Chain

HOW Cellular Respiration Occurs Step 1 Glycolysis

Glyco- = sugar -lysis = break open

breaking down of glucose into 2 pyruvate.

Location - in the cells’s cytoplasm

HOW Cellular Respiration Occurs

Step 2 – Krebs Cycle Pyruvate (C3H4O3) is broken down into CO2 & H electrons in a series of reactions.

Reactants – pyruvic acid, O2

Products – CO2, FADH, NADH Location –mitochondria

HOW Cellular Respiration Occurs.

Step 3 ETC Hydrogen e- move down the

E.T.C. Energy captured by ADP & PATP

Reactant – H electrons Product – ATP, H2O Location –mitochondria

CO2 H20

2C3H4O3

O2

2 2 32

C6H12O6

Total Products of Aerobic Respiration

Uses glucose and oxygen in mitochondria to create 36 ATP, 6CO2 and

6H2O

What if there is no Oxygen?

Anaerobic Respiration {fermentation} takes place if there is not any oxygen. Happens in the cytoplasm

Also known as fermentation!

2 Types of FermentationAlcoholic Fermentation

(some bacteria,Yeast)Lactic Acid Fermentation

(Eukaryotes)

Alcoholic fermentation occurs in cytoplasm

makes 2 ATP, alcohol & CO2. Used by yeast in food processing

Lactic Acid FermentationOccurs in cytoplasm and makes 2 ATP and lactic acid.

RECAP - Cellular Respiration

Lactic Acid Fermentation cont

Occurs in muscle cells during sudden or rapid exercise