catalytic conversion of carbohydrates to hydrocarbons
TRANSCRIPT
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Catalytic Conversion of Carbohydrates to HydrocarbonsDOE Biomass R&D TAC Meeting
May 19, 2011
Paul Blommel, PhD
Director of Process Chemistry, Virent Energy Systems, Inc.
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BioFuel Pathways from Biomass
Biomass
Fermentation
Fermentation
AqueousPhase
Reforming
Refining
Fischer-Tropsch
Catalysis
Gasification
Pyrolysis
Hydrolysis
Syngas
Bio-oils
Sugars
DieselJet Fuel
Ethanol
MethanolEthanol
Liquid Fuels
EthanolButanolHydrocarbons
Gasoline,Jet, Diesel,Chemicals,Alcohols,
Hydrogen
CH1.4O0.6
CH1.6O0.4
CH2O
CO + H2
CH2
CH2
CH3O0.5
CH3O0.5
CH3O0.5
CH2
CH2
CH3O
0.5
Conversion ofCarbohydrates
toHydrocarbons
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O
OHOH
HO
HOCH2OH
H2OH2
CO2
n-Paraf f ins
iso-Paraffins
Aromatics
+ H2O
3.58 C6H12O6 C14H30 + 7.5 CO2 + 6.5 H2O
Overall Theoretical Stoichiometrywith in situhydrogen generation
Hydrocarbon contains 65 % of Sugar CarbonHydrocarbon contains 94% of LHV of Sugar
Generation of Hydrocarbons from Carbohydrateswith In-situHydrogen Generation
Slide 3
Potential
CarbonYield
Potential
EnergyRecovery*
Ethanol
Fermentation67% 96%
Catalytic
Conversion in
situ hydrogen
65% 94%
Catalytic
Conversion ex
situ hydrogen
100% 144%(90% including H2)
*Potential LHV of liquid fuel product/LHV ofcarbohydrate feed
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Catalytic Carbohydrate ConversionTechnology
Feedstock Flexible Conventional Sugars
Non-Food Sugars
Drop-in Products
Liquid Fuels and Chemicals
Tunable Platform
Infrastructure Compatible
Fast and Robust Inorganic Catalysts
Moderate Conditions
Low Residence Times
Energy Efficient Exothermic
Low Energy Separation
Slide 4
A catalytic route to renewable hydrocarbon fuels and chemicals.
Virent Demonstration Plant
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Aromatics and Paraffins
BioForming Platforms
APR
Modified
ZSM-5
Condensation Hydrotreating
Biomass
SugarCane
Corn
Starch
Kerosene
Jet Fuel
Diesel
Slide 5
Gasoline +
AromaticsReactive
Intermediates
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Generation of Reactive Intermediates
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Production of Hydrocarbons fromReactive Intermediates
Slide 7
APR FractionationCatalytic
Conversion
GasolineProduct
C5 & C6Sugars
Hydrolysates
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BioGasoline ProductPremium product with the same components as petroleum derived gasoline
BioForming BioGasoline+120,000 BTUs/Gal
Ethanol
76,000 BTUs/Gal
Unleaded Gasoline
115,000 BTUs/Gal
Unleaded Gasoline
BioForming
Green Gasoline
~ 20 liters of sugar derived gasoline
from Virents BioForming process.Slide 8
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Catalytic Processing Offers Flexibility toReplace More than Fuels
0.0E+00
2.0E+06
4.0E+06
6.0E+06
8.0E+06
1.0E+07
1.2E+07
1.4E+07
1.6E+07
1.8E+07
2.0E+07
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
FIDR
esponse
(ArbitraryUnits)
Retention Time (Minutes)
11 % Benzene
1.2% Benzene
38 % Toluene
12 % Toluene
Optimized Product for Gasoline
Blending
Composition Shifted for
Aromatics Production
Product CompositionFlexibility
Bio-reformate can replace typical reformate which is dominantfeedstock for many chemicals, fibers, and plastics in use today.
Benzene
Toluene
Para-Xylene
Meta-Xylene
Ortho-Xylene
Slide 9
http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.tela.it/immagini/imballi.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.tela.it/products.html&usg=__8Hsv5gqBuazdASPuFe7SN1SuC_o=&h=544&w=621&sz=37&hl=en&start=6&sig2=QleLu1LgNSTWWMyg7arNSw&itbs=1&tbnid=FDKjLpy1xYDvKM:&tbnh=119&tbnw=136&prev=/images?q=polyurethane+foam&hl=en&gbv=2&tbs=isch:1&ei=m7zxS76nIp3sMMOpxeoL -
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Process Scale Up Gasoline/Aromatics
Carbohydrates-to-Aromatics process
Scale-up of x100 from pilot plant
10,000 gallons per year
Full Length Reactor andCommercial Scale Catalyst
Product volumes for registrationand fleet testing
Feedstock handling and purification
system flexibility Operations started in November 2009
Overall success: On time, underbudget, high quality product
Slide 10
http://vnet/Pictures/Eagle/Eagle%20040.JPG -
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Paraffins and Naphthenes
BioForming Platform - RPN
APR
Gasoline
Condensation Hydrotreating
Biomass
SugarCane
Corn
Starch
Gasoline +
Aromatics
Kerosene
Jet Fuel
Diesel
Slide 11
Modified
ZSM-5
ReactiveIntermediates
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Virent RPN Characteristics
Boiling Point
Polarity
Commercial Jet A-1
Virent Jet
Slide 12
Max Jet Max Diesel
Gasoline 20% 20%
Jet 50% 0%
Diesel 10% 60%
Process Oil 20% 20%
Flexible product slate
Product is uniquely advantaged
due to both component classes
and ability to meet broad boiling
point specifications
Jet certification challenging and
requires large volumes
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Feedstock flexibility for catalytic conversion
Biomass
Cellulose(35-50%)
Hemicellulose(15-35%)
Lignin(15-35%)
Others: 5-15%(Ash, Extractives)
Pentose(Xylose, Arabinose)
Hexose(Glucose, Mannose, Galactose)
Monosaccharides
Oligosaccharides
Soluble Cyclics &Phenolics
Ash & SolubleInorganics
Lignin
Sugar Degradation(Furfurals, HMF, Organic
Acids)
MicrobialConversion
CatalyticRoutes
vs.
Slide 13
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NABC Overview
Slide 14
Consortium LeadsNational Renewable Energy Laboratory
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Consortium PartnersAlbemarle Corporation
Amyris Biotechnologies
Argonne National Laboratory
BP Products North America Inc.
Catchlight Energy, LLC
Colorado School of Mines
Iowa State University
Los Alamos National Laboratory
Pall Corporation
RTI International
Tesoro Companies Inc.
University of California, Davis
UOP, LLCVirent Energy Systems
Washington State University
Virent leads the Catalytic Conversion of Lignocellulosic Sugars (CLS) strategy. The underlined parties above are
currently collaborating within the CLS strategy.
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Virent Deconstruction Partners
Slide 15
Dilute acid pretreatment and
enzyme hydrolysis
Wet oxidation and enzymehydrolysis
Strong acid pretreatment
Virent catalytic deconstruction
Enzyme
Hydrolysis
Dilute Acid
Deconstruction
Enzyme
Hydrolysis
Wet Oxidation
Deconstruction
Catalytic
Deconstruction
Concentrated
HCl
Deconstruction
Polyoxygenates
Furans
Carboxylic Acids
Separator
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Catalytic Lignin Conversion
Slide 16
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