Friday, January 29, 2010

Catalytic reactions

The followings are all catalytic reactions in the Chemistry syllabus :

1- To make H2 gas in a small amount in the laboratory :Zn + H2SO4 => ZnSO4 + H2, catalysts = Copper(II) sulphate, CuSO4

2- Haber process = Manufacture ammonia, NH3 :N2 + 3H2 => 2NH3, catalyst = Iron, Fe

3- Contact process = Manufacture sulphuric acid, H2SO4 :SO2 + O2 => SO3, catalyst = Vanadium(V) oxide, V2O5

4- Ostwald process = Manufacture nitric acid, HNO3 :4NH3 + 5O2 => 4NO + 6H2O, catalyst = Platinum, Pt

5- Decomposition of hydogen peroxide :2H2O2 => 2H2O + O2, catalyst = Manganese(IV) oxide, MnO2

Catalytic reactions of carbon compounds :

6- Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes :C2H4 + H2 => C2H6, catalyst = Nickel, Ni or Pt

7- Hydration of alkenes :C2H4 + H2O => C2H5OH, catalyst = Phosphoric(V) acid, H3PO4

8- Fermentation = To produce ethanol :C6H12O6 => 2C2H5OH + 2CO2, catalysts = Zymase from yeast(Glucose)

9- Dehydration of ethanol :C2H5OH => C2H4 + H2OCatalyst = Unglazed porcelian chips, porous pot, pumice stone or Al2O3

10- Esterification reaction = To make esters :Carboxylic acid + alcohol => ester, catalysts = Concentrated H2SO4

11- Conversion of unsaturated fats into saturated fats = Catalytic hydrogenation, catalyst = Ni