Catalyzing Changes: An Catalyzing Changes: An Analysis of the Role of FSC Analysis of the Role of FSC

Forest Certification in BrazilForest Certification in Brazil

The Forest Stewardship Council: A Developing Country Perspective

Introduction

• Brazilian ContextBrazilian Context• History of FSCHistory of FSC• FSC Development in BrazilFSC Development in Brazil• Direct and Indirect ImpactsDirect and Indirect Impacts• Limitations and ChallengesLimitations and Challenges• ConclusionsConclusions

FSC: A Developing Country Perspective

• 190 million habitants190 million habitants• 8.5 million Km8.5 million Km22

• > 5 million Km> 5 million Km2 2 covered by forestscovered by forests• Deforestation rate 1,2 million hectare/yearDeforestation rate 1,2 million hectare/year

• North and South – two distinct realitiesNorth and South – two distinct realities• Public x private landPublic x private land• Law and bureaucracy disincentive SFMLaw and bureaucracy disincentive SFM• Biggest producer & biggest consumerBiggest producer & biggest consumer

Brazilian Context

• Boycott in late 80s were not effectiveBoycott in late 80s were not effective - Internal markets- Internal markets - Deforestation- Deforestation• WARP looks for positive alternativesWARP looks for positive alternatives• Consultation process from 1991 to 1993Consultation process from 1991 to 1993• Brazil was part of the country studiesBrazil was part of the country studies• Foundation 1993 – Brazil and Canada had the Foundation 1993 – Brazil and Canada had the biggest delegationsbiggest delegations• Unique organization format – balance Unique organization format – balance North/South & Social/Enviro/EconomicNorth/South & Social/Enviro/Economic

History of FSC

PRINCIPLE 1Compliance with laws and principlesCompliance with laws and principles

Forest management shall respect all applicable laws of the country in which they occur, and international treaties and agreements to which the country is a signatory, and comply with all FSC Principles and Criteria.

Principles and Criteria

PRINCIPLE 2Tenure and Use Rights and ResponsabilitiesTenure and Use Rights and Responsabilities

Long-term tenure and use rights to the land and forest resources shall be clearly defined, documented and legally established.

Terras do João

Principles and Criteria

PRINCIPLE 3Indigenous Peoples’ RightsIndigenous Peoples’ RightsThe legal and customary rights of indigenous peoples to own, use and manage their lands, territories and resources shall be recognized and respected.

Principles and Criteria

PRINCIPLE 4Community Relations and Workers’ RightsCommunity Relations and Workers’ Rights

Forest management operations shall maintain or enhance the long-term social and economic well-being of forest workers and local communities.

Principles and Criteria

PRINCIPLE 5Benefits from the ForestBenefits from the Forest

Forest management operations shall encourage the efficient use of the forests’ multiple products and services to ensure economic viability and wide range of environmental and social benefits.

Principles and Criteria

PRINCIPLE 6Environmental ImpactEnvironmental Impact

Forest management shall conserve biological diversity and its associated values, water resources, soils, and uniqueand fragile ecosystems and landscapes, and, by so doing, maintain the ecological functions and the integrity of the forest. .

Principles and Criteria

PRINCIPLE 7Mangement PlanMangement Plan

A management plan – appropriate to the scale and intensity of the operations – shall be written, implemented and kept up to date. The long-term objectives of management and the means of achieving them, shall be clearly stated..

Principles and Criteria

PRINCIPLE 8Monitoring and AssessmentMonitoring and Assessment

Monitoring shall be conducted appropriate to the scale and intensity of forest management – to assess the condition of the forest, yields of forest products, chain of custody, management activities, and their social and environmental impacts.

Principles and Criteria

PRINCIPLE 9Maintenance High Conservation Value Forests Maintenance High Conservation Value Forests

Principles and Criteria

Management activities in high conservation value forests shall maintain or enhance the attributes which define suchforests. Decisions regarding high conservation value forests shall always be considered in the context of a precautionary approach.

Principles and Criteria

PRINCIPLE 10PlantationsPlantations

Plantations shall be planned and managed in accordance with Principles and Criteria 1–9, and Principle 10 and its Criteria. While plantations can provide an array of social and economicbenefits, and can contribute to satisfying the world’s needs for forest products, they should complement the management of, reduce pressures on, and promote the restoration and conservation of natural forests.

Chain of Custody

CoC

Cadeia de Custódia

Chain of Custody (COC) garantees that a Chain of Custody (COC) garantees that a product’s raw material is certified. product’s raw material is certified.

FlorestaFloresta certificadacertificadaIndústria certificadaIndústria certificada Produto certificadoProduto certificado

Forest Certification garantees the quality of forest management.

Autor: Tasso Azevedo / tasso@imaflora.org / Jan99

Chain of CustodyChain of Custody

Certified Forest

Non-certified ForestNon-certified Forest

Non-certified ProductNon-certified ProductCertified Product

• 1995–961995–96 First standards discussions & first First standards discussions & first certificationscertifications• 19971997 – created the FSC-WG-Brazil – created the FSC-WG-Brazil - 18 members (3 chambers)- 18 members (3 chambers)• 1998–20001998–2000 – Development of standards for – Development of standards for plantations and natural forest management in plantations and natural forest management in AmazonAmazon - 3 workshops, 4 consultations, field tests, - 3 workshops, 4 consultations, field tests, HarmonizationHarmonization• 20012001 – Foundation of the Brazilian Council of – Foundation of the Brazilian Council of Forest Management – FSC BrazilForest Management – FSC Brazil• CERFLORCERFLOR: the Brazilian SFI and/or PEFC: the Brazilian SFI and/or PEFC

FSC Development in Brazil

7 912

1512

31

51

77

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

1998 1999 2000 2001

• 875,000 hectares of forests certified875,000 hectares of forests certified• 15 forests certified15 forests certified

• > 1 million in process> 1 million in process• 10% of plantations 10% of plantations • 20% of natural forest management 20% of natural forest management

• 71 Chain of Custody Certificates71 Chain of Custody Certificates

FSC Development in Brazil

Forest Management Chain of Custody

• Buyers Group• NTFP is bringing cosmetic industry to the game• 2002 – Main construction companies

Brazilian Market: Hitting the Target

•Brazil is our market•There is no certification without support in the internal market

• 68% of Brazilians believe major environmental problems is forest destruction• market certification market... who comes first?

• Maintain access to marketsMaintain access to markets• Get better prices and conditionsGet better prices and conditions• Increase willingness of testing new products Increase willingness of testing new products • Share common identityShare common identity• Access to green fundsAccess to green funds• Leverage corporate imageLeverage corporate image• Build direct and long-term business relationsBuild direct and long-term business relations• Sympathy from government agenciesSympathy from government agencies

Why companies are demanding FSC certification?

Direct Impacts of Certification

• Quality of working conditionsQuality of working conditions- Camping - Camping

- Safety - Safety - Long-term contracts - Long-term contracts

- Outsourcing- Outsourcing

• Impacts for Forest OperationsImpacts for Forest Operations- Management plan - Management plan

- Reduced impact logging - Reduced impact logging - Conservation areas - Conservation areas

- Forest conversion- Forest conversion

Direct Impacts of Certification

• Relation with the communityRelation with the community - Respect to indigenous community- Respect to indigenous community - Compensation for losses- Compensation for losses - Land tenure recognition- Land tenure recognition

Direct Impacts of Certification

Indirect Impacts of Certification

• More objective claimsMore objective claims• Creating an applicable research agendaCreating an applicable research agenda• Responsible investment / fundsResponsible investment / funds• Simplification of legislationSimplification of legislation• Increase acceptable standardIncrease acceptable standard• New role for forest departments on industryNew role for forest departments on industry• New training programs on forestryNew training programs on forestry• Pressure over illegal woodPressure over illegal wood

Forest management is possible

• Compliance with standards Compliance with standards - understand the standards- understand the standards - viability of the standards- viability of the standards - lack of information about forest management- lack of information about forest management

• Access to information & certifiersAccess to information & certifiers

• Direct and indirect costs – who pays?Direct and indirect costs – who pays?

• Market recognitionMarket recognition

Limitations and Challenges