catching the wave: academic library as scholarly publisher by tim tamminga, be press

State of the Quarterly Union

Catching the Wave: Academic Library as Scholarly Publisher

What does it look like when the academic library provides publishing services?

Tim Tamminga
Bepress

So my part of the session is to provide a sort of environmental scan of e-publishing services being provided by academic libraries.

http://www.wvu.edu/~agexten/landrec/images/publish.gifTraditional scholarly publishing and tenure

Scholarly publishing for the past several decades is based on an authors manuscript being peer reviewed and then published in an accepted scholarly journal. And for a scholar being judged by how many articles are published in accepted journals. I would like to play around with alternatives to that model.

Commercial publishing cycle

PublishersINTERNETJournal

AGENTReadersAuthorsRefereesEditorLIBRARYResearchCommunityPrint

SubmissionRevisionPeer reviewAdapted from STM report, Mark Ware. Sept 2009Note that the print segment of this cycle is diminishing significantly. The publishers brand their electronic collections heavily, and can effectively provide these resources directly to the reader. Elsevier provides these journals as a collection a la ScienceDirect. Springer provides SpringerLink. Wiley with Wiley Online Library and so on.

The result disintermediates the library. The library pays for access but the publisher interacts directly with the reader. The reader no longer sees the role of the library in the scholarly communications process.

An Ithaka report states: the net result is that the library is losing the perception of relevance amongst its campus constituents. Schonfeld and Housewright (2008) found that in the first half of the decade, the perception of university library importance fell amongst faculty. Between 2000 and 2006, we saw libraries become increasingly disintermediated from the scholarly research cycle. Housewright, Ross and Roger Schonfeld, 2008, Ithakas 2006 Studies of Key Stakeholders in the Digital Transformation in Higher Education, Ithaka Report.

Publishing today the threat

Vice Chancellors for Research and Deans are witnessing the gradual diminution of publishing options and opportunities for UC faculty, particularly in the arts and humanities.

Junior faculty are beginning to struggle to get the book contracts they need for tenure and promotion; faculty working in innovative fields or non-traditional projects are constrained by a publishing model that cannot serve their needs; and campus resources are increasingly compromised by the commercial publishing culture

University of California taskforce on University Publishing. 2008by Catherine Candee & Lynne Withey

Lets add another publishing model

INTERNETJournal

ReadersAuthorsRefereesEditorLIBRARYResearchCommunitySubmissionRevisionPeer reviewIf libraries were to offer scholarly publishing services, and if the creation of journals were to take off, what could the publishing cycle look like?

In this model, the library is essential to the publishing process. Its involved in the process of knowledge creation.

The question is no longer whether libraries should offer publishing services, but what kinds of services libraries will offer.

Hahn, Karla L., 2008, Research Library Publishing Services: New Options for University Publishing, Association of Research Libraries. Accessed at: http://www.arl.org/bm~doc/research-library-publishing-services.pdf Publishing today the possibilities

Who Benefits from Library Publishing Services?

StudentsScholarsBroader CommunitiesLibrary

Throughout this presentation well try to provide stories and examples of how the library provides new publishing services to faculty, students and other communities, and show how these services can and ought to provide value to the institution and its public. The examples Ill show come from Digital Commons, bepresss IR, which also includes a professional caliber scholarly publishing system.

Note that I have a very broad definition of publishing. If the work is original, and being showcased for the first time, then its being published. For example, Id argue that a thesis or dissertation being placed in an institutional repository is in effect the act of publishing.

Publishing Services for Scholars

Scholars Institutes & CentersFaculty EmeritiDepartments & CollegesFaculty & researchersSocieties & Associations

WhoPublishing services provided by the library has significant value for the scholarly community within a university. Publishing can support: Faculty who wish to publish in a specific area

Republish Faculty Emeritis works whose papers and books are out-of-print

Support Departments who wish to provide a venue for faculty to explore and share ideas, publish working paper series or gather the papers or presentations of a conference, symposium, workshop or lecture series.

Institutes and research centers within a school who would like to disseminate their research and BRAND it.

Societies & associations who need to make the transition from print to electronic journals.

Why self publish? Outlet for an area with no publishing arena new disciplines/niche

Explore novel ideas or subject areas

Teaching tool for students

Prestige for a department/school

Collaboration between like-minded faculty within a department, across departments or globally within a subject/discipline

Community outreach or sharing the knowledge

Republishing old and out-of-print articles seems like a valuable service provided by the IR. The Cornell ILR example shows an Emeritus professors article that is still ranked in the top 10 downloaded items in their repository: Vernon M. BriggsJr. Emeritus Professor of Industrial and Labor Relations
Story about the Online Dictionary of Invertebrate Zoology: This manuscript was peer-reviewed but then rejected by a University Press. It sat on the authors shelf for 15 years. The Nebraska Repository Manager noticed it and offered to digitize it and place it within Digital Commons. Over the past two years, it has been the top downloaded object in the Nebraska DC repository: over 50,000 downloads. Nebraska has also linked it to Lulu for people who want a print copy.

Cranes of the World is another wonderful story. Paul Johnsgard is an eminent ornithologist, author of 50 or so books of fiction & nonfiction, more than 300 articles and recipient of an Audubon Society Lifetime Achievement Award. Hes also a professor emeritus.

Services for Students

ConferencesStudents Creative outletsJournalsResearch series

Huge growth in publishing student research: from undergrad research papers to doctoral students dissertations.

The Univ of Pennsylvanias CUREJ (courage) is really a growing collection of peer-reviewed undergraduate papers written in collaboration with a faculty mentor. Theres value in providing these research papers. There is also significant benefit for the faculty mentors who can demonstrate the results of their teaching. Penn includes these mentored papers as part of these teachers tenure package.

Services for Communities

CommunitiesNon-academic communitiesInstitutionalGlobal academic

The examples show the ability of the repository and library services to support the institutions outreach to internal and external communities: These examples are indicative of the library collaboration to provide services to specific communities.

Publishing in this case is the ability to provide original and unique content to specific audiences or to the world. The IR itself becomes the platform by which this content is stored and disseminated.

The Univ of Massachusetts example is particularly powerful. The repository supports UMasss mission to comply with the Carnegie category: "Collaboration between higher education institutions and their larger communities for the mutually beneficial exchange of knowledge and resources in a context of partnership and reciprocity.

Hopi Nation: gathered a diverse group of Hopis and non-Hopis on a blustery spring day in Lubbock, Texas, in 1981. It was a time to celebrate the Hopi Tricentennial, a commemoration of the Hopi and Pueblo revolt against Spanish rule in 1680. Hopi leaders and artists converged with non-Hopi scholars, and the result was a first-rate public celebration and symposium . . . and a manuscriptAt the time of its original preparation, we had shopped our manuscript with a number of presses, but all they could see was the extreme cost of the illustrationsBut now thanks to the University of Nebraskas Love Library Etext Center and its digital technology, we can produce this long overdue book and make it available to those who wish to know more about the Hopi NationLike the Hopi people have so often, this book needed to wait for the right time and the right technology in order to emerge.

And is part of the institutional repository

Library gives stamp of quality to each journal = trust

Branding

Enhances discoverability:

Maximizes resources and services

Provides a context for each journal (research content)

Unique design for each journal

Easier to ensure higher quality design

Ensures preservation/stewardship of the work

When publishing is a library service

Serves the needs of stakeholders on campus by providing opportunities for new knowledge production

Serves a key institutional mission to share / distribute its knowledge to the world

Serves the business of the academy by supporting the unique facets of that institution what makes it unique

Facilitates new opportunities for knowledge production and publication

Enables expansion of new library services across the academy

Doing well by doing good

Serving the needs of stakeholders on campus: Publishing services coupled with an IR deliver the most value when they are managed in the service of the mission and business of the university, and successfully impact scholarly life on campus by providing opportunities for new knowledge production.

Serving a key university mission: local publishing services act as a mechanism to demonstrate the function of the university within its local community, and the quality of the institutions teaching and research output, positioning it within the global community of higher education institutions.

Serving the business of the university: Specifically, the university and its administration can leverage the IR and publishing services to better position the universitys work and expertise within the global digital community. For example, Cornells ILR publishes and gathers a unique collection of industrial labor relations materials within its IR. How better to provide a unique voice for the institution?

Impacting scholarly life on campus: local publishing services and the IR enable its campus constituents to use its content and services creatively. The IR serves the needs of scholars by offering new opportunities for knowledge production, thereby impacting scholarly life on campus. Over 75% of Digital Commons repositories publish journals, conference proceedings, or both, upon their first anniversary. We see this as a beneficial shift in IR scope and management as it increases the involvement of the library in the creation of scholarship on campus.

The most successful and effective repositories and publishing services are those that strive to engage a diverse set of groups across campus, specifically serving both academic and non-academic units, accepting a wide scope of content, aligning repository services with the mission of the university, and facilitating new opportunities for knowledge production and publication. These libraries effectively serve the mission of the university, the business of the university, and impact scholarly life on campus, and use the IR as both tool and demonstration of their renewed role.

Why provide these services?

"I envision the day when the universities take back scholarly communications from the publishers, and we don't have to ransom our content back from for-profit companies, [Paul Royster] says. "And that's our long-range goal here. That's probably not going to happen until well after I retire, but we see ourselves moving that way."

Digital Repositories Foment a Quiet Revolution in Scholarship. The Chronicle of Higher Education, June 13, 2010Digital Repositories Foment a Quiet Revolution in Scholarship. The Chronicle of Higher Education, June 13, 2010

The University of Nebraska library has created its own imprint. And theyre not alone. See the example of the University of Tennessee at Knoxvilles Newfound Press. The University of Tennessee Libraries is developing a framework to make scholarly and specialized works available worldwide. Newfound Press, the University Libraries digital imprint, advances the community of learning by experimenting with effective and open systems of scholarly communication. Drawing on the resources that the university has invested in digital library development, Newfound Press collaborates with authors and researchers to bring new forms of publication to an expanding scholarly universe. We consider manuscripts in all disciplines, encompassing scientific research, humanistic scholarship, and artistic creation.

Questions?

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11/5/2010

catching the wave: academic library as scholarly publisher by tim tamminga, be press

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