CAUSES OF OEDEMA

Abnormal & excessive accumulation of free fluid in interstitial space or serous cavities

Ascites, pleural effusion, pericardial effusion

PATHOPHYSIOLOGIC CLASSESIncd hydrostatic pressureImpaired venous return CHF Constrictive pericarditisVenous obs Thrombosis

CONTD… Ext pressure- mass, pelvic tumor

Lower extremity inactivity PregnancyArteriolar dilatation Heat neurohumoral dysreguln

Reduced oncotic pressureIncd loss – nephrotic syndromeDecd synthesis – liver failureMalnutrition/malabsorption nutritional oedemao kwashiorkaro wet beri-berio c/c alcoholism

CONTD…Protein losing enteropathyLymphatic obsInfection fiariasis- early & late stage

LGVMalignancy – CA breast

CONTD…Radiation injuryResection of lymphatics Na retentionExcessive salt intake + renal insuff

RAAS stimulationDecd Na deliveryConn’s syndrome

Incd capillary permeabilityInfection /inflamatnSevere sepsis Drug- Ca channel blockerAllergicangioedema

CONTD…Foods- nuts, shellfishDrugs- penicillin, aspirinAllergy to insect bite or stings

ACE inhibitorsHereditary angioneurotic oedema

GENERALISED OEDEMARt heart failureNephrotic syndome, a/c nephritic syndromeHypoalbuminemiac/c liver diseaseBeri-beri

LOCALISED OEDEMAInflammatoryObs to bv/lymphaticsEmaciation & old age Allergic

PITTING OEDEMA

Cardiac causesRenal causesLiver diseaseEarly stage of filariasisCa channel blockers

NON PITTINGMyxoedemaElephantiasisangioneurotic

DEPENDENT OEDEMACardiac failureRenal causes Hypoalbuminemia

NON DEPENDENTInflammatory Obs to lymphaticsAngioneurotic

OTHERSPulm oedema-LHF,renal failure,ARDSOedema of brain localised- abscess, neoplasm

generalised- encephalitis, hypertensive crisis, obs to brain’s venous outflow

CONTD…Myxoedema

Oedema fluid – transudate (CHF) or exudate (inflammatory)