Causes of the Civil War Slavery Fuels the Fire SS8H6: The student will analyze the impact of the Civil War and Reconstruction on Georgia. Causes of the Civil War Free vs. Slave States Free StatesSlave States 1.New York 2.New Jersey 3.Connecticut 4.Rhode Island 5.Pennsylvania 6.New Hampshire 7.Vermont 8.Massachusetts 9.Ohio 10.Indiana 11.Illinois 1.Virginia 2.Kentucky 3.Maryland 4.Delaware 5.North Carolina 6.South Carolina 7.Georgia 8.Alabama 9.Mississippi 10.Louisiana 11.Tennessee The Missouri Problem Problem: In 1819, there were 11 slave states and 11 free states. Missouri wanted to become a new state in the Union. Should Missouri be a slave state or free state? The Missouri Problem Do you think Missouri should be free because slavery was unfair?... The Missouri Problem What if the people of Missouri wanted slavery? Doesnt majority rule? The Missouri Problem What if the people of Missouri have big plantations and they say they need slaves to work? Meet Senator John C. Calhoun Government leader from the state of South Carolina Believed in states rights, believed Missouri should decide whether to be slave or free Really wanted Missouri to be a slave state Missouri should decide for itself whether to be slave or free! I know it will pick slavery Slave Meet Senator Henry Clay Government leader from the state of Kentucky AKA (also known as) The Great Compromiser Believed in compromise, or making deals & agreements Hey guyslets make a deal, or shall I say, a compromise ! Missouri can be slave and Maine will be free! Slave Free Missouri Compromise- Solution 1.Missouri will be a slave state 2.Maine will be a free state 3.Any states in the Louisiana Territory NORTH of the Missouri Compromise Line will be FREE 4.Any states in the Louisiana Territory SOUTH of the Missouri Compromise Line will be SLAVE In fact, let us settle this slave vs. free state issue for good! Here is a compromise. Missouri Compromise- Label Your Map! Missouri Compromise In fact, let us settle this slave vs. free state issue for good! Here is a compromise. Missouri Compromise Line Quick Review 1) In 1819, the U.S. was made up of ____ free states and ____ slave states. 2) What is a free state? 3) What is a slave state? 4) How did the Missouri Compromise Change the balance of free states and slave states? Free vs. Slave States Free StatesSlave States 1.New York 2.New Jersey 3.Connecticut 4.Rhode Island 5.Pennsylvania 6.New Hampshire 7.Vermont 8.Massachusetts 9.Ohio 10.Indiana 11.Illinois 12. Maine (Missouri Compromise, 1820) 1.Virginia 2.Kentucky 3.Maryland 4.Delaware 5.North Carolina 6.South Carolina 7.Georgia 8.Alabama 9.Mississippi 10.Louisiana 11.Tennessee 12.Missouri (Missouri Compromise, 1820) Causes of the Civil War Free vs. Slave States Free StatesSlave States 1.New York 2.New Jersey 3.Connecticut 4.Rhode Island 5.Pennsylvania 6.New Hampshire 7.Vermont 8.Massachusetts 9.Ohio 10.Indiana 11.Illinois 12. Maine (Missouri Compromise, 1820) 13.Michigan 14.Wisconsin 15.Iowa 1.Virginia 2.Kentucky 3.Maryland 4.Delaware 5.North Carolina 6.South Carolina 7.Georgia 8.Alabama 9.Mississippi 10.Louisiana 11.Tennessee 12.Missouri (Missouri Compromise, 1820) 13.Arkansas 14.Florida 15.Texas Another Problem! Compromise of 1850 Problem: In 1849, there were 15 slave states and 15 free states. California wanted to become a new state in the Union. Should California be a slave state or free state? Senator John C. Calhoun What do you think he wanted California to be?? Senator John C. Calhoun California should be a slave state! Slave Senator Henry Clay What do you think he wanted California to be?? Senator Henry Clay California should be a slave state! Free Lets compromise! California will be a free state, but the North must pass the Fugitive Slave Law Compromise of 1850 Free Senator Henry Clay California should be a slave state! Lets compromise! California will be a free state, but the North must pass the Fugitive Slave Law Compromise of 1850 California should be a slave state! Lets compromise! California will be a free state, but the North must pass the Fugitive Slave Law Compromise of Solution The Compromise of 1850 1.) California = free state 2.) Slave trade = ended in Washington, D.C. 3.) Utah and New Mexico territories would vote to become slave or free states 4.) Strengthened the 1793 Fugitive Slave Act In fact, let us settle this slave vs. free state issue for good! Here is a compromise. Compromise of Label Your Map! Compromise of 1850 The Fugitive Slave Law said that people who lived in the free states had to capture and return any runaway slaves to their owners A Fugitive Slave means a Runaway Slave Harriet Beecher Stowe- Uncle Toms Cabin Result: Harriet Beecher Stowe, who was an abolitionist, wrote a book called Uncle Toms Cabin in 1852 to speak against the Fugitive Slave Law. The book showed the horrible conditions of slavery and increased northern protest against the Fugitive Slave Act. ABOLITIONIST = a person who was against slavery Result: Some Northerners followed the Fugitive Slave Law, but many abolitionists who did not like slavery continued to help slaves escape to freedom. A Fugitive Slave means a Runaway Slave Quick Review 1) In 1849, the U.S. was made up of ____ free states and ____ slave states. 2) Why was adding a new state a problem? 3) What is the Fugitive Slave Law? Free vs. Slave States Free StatesSlave States 1.New York 2.New Jersey 3.Connecticut 4.Rhode Island 5.Pennsylvania 6.New Hampshire 7.Vermont 8.Massachusetts 9.Ohio 10.Indiana 11.Illinois 12. Maine (Missouri Compromise, 1820) 13.Michigan 14.Wisconsin 15.Iowa 16.California ( Compromise of 1850) 1.Virginia 2.Kentucky 3.Maryland 4.Delaware 5.North Carolina 6.South Carolina 7.Georgia 8.Alabama 9.Mississippi 10.Louisiana 11.Tennessee 12.Missouri (Missouri Compromise, 1820) 13.Arkansas 14.Florida 15.Texas Causes of the Civil War Free vs. Slave States Free StatesSlave States 1.New York 2.New Jersey 3.Connecticut 4.Rhode Island 5.Pennsylvania 6.New Hampshire 7.Vermont 8.Massachusetts 9.Ohio 10.Indiana 11.Illinois 12. Maine (Missouri Compromise, 1820) 13.Michigan 14.Wisconsin 15.Iowa 16.California ( Compromise of 1850) 1.Virginia 2.Kentucky 3.Maryland 4.Delaware 5.North Carolina 6.South Carolina 7.Georgia 8.Alabama 9.Mississippi 10.Louisiana 11.Tennessee 12.Missouri (Missouri Compromise, 1820) 13.Arkansas 14.Florida 15.Texas Kansas-Nebraska Act The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 said the people of Kansas and Nebraska would decide whether the states will be free or slave Kansas-Nebraska Act: what do you think happened?? states vote on slavery Bleeding Kansas Result: Instead of solving the slavery problem, the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 made people race to these states and fight over voting. This became known as Bleeding Kansas. Bleeding Kansas This became known as Bleeding Kansas Quick Review 1) Was Georgia a free state or a slave state in the 1800s? 2) What was the Fugitive Slave Law? 3) Why was the Kansas-Nebraska Act not a good law? What did it lead to? Causes of the Civil War December 8, 2014 Instructions: Notes on the causes of the Civil War. Place these notes in your foldable. You are to read through the notes and write the importance/impact that each event or person before the Civil War. Look for this icon to help assist you in what you need to record. States Rights One of the main issues between the North and the south was slavery Also, the Southern States wanted to follow their own laws. They did not want federal laws to over rule the laws of the states. Why would this not work? When in history did we decide that we needed a stronger federal government? STATES RIGHTS STATES RIGHTS- PRIVILEGES THAT STATES HAVE TO RUN THEMSELVES WITHOUT FEDERAL INTERFERENCE. HOW MUCH CONTROL SHOULD STATES HAVE IN THEIR OWN RULES AND LAWS? N- FED LAWS RULE ALL, SUPREME COURT DECIDE ALL ISSUES, SECEDE ILLEGAL, NULLIFICATION NOT ALLOWED S- Constitution= contract by choice, can secede and nullify laws Alexander Stephens /Georgia Platform Georgia held a convention in Milledgeville to debate the Compromise of 1850 SECESSION WAS NOT A SOLUTION TO PROTECT SLAVERY AND STATESRIGHTS OUTLINE TO SUPPORT COMPROMISE WANTED TO KEEP THE UNION Howell Cobb, Alexander H. Stephens, and Robert Toombs represented Georgia in Congress and wielded a great deal of political influence within the state Stephens arguments led to the Georgia Platform Their influence led to the Georgia Platform being accepted as a conditional acceptance of the Compromise of 1850 Georgia was credited with preventing war and secession Alexander Stephens /Georgia Platform The Georgia Platform Although unpopular, members of General Assembly (Alexander Stephens) asked Georgians to accept the Georgia Platform which was a Proclamation by Georgia wanting the North to support the Fugitive Slave Act, and to stop trying to ban slavery in new states. THE GEORGIA PLATFORM Dred Scott Imagine being told that you had no rights because of your skin color. Imagine if you were told you were not a citizen of your country, even though you worked every day to help your country That is what Dred Scott was told. Another Abolitionist In 1834, Dred Scott was taken by his owner from Missouri (S) to Illinois (F) and Wisconsin territory (F). When he returned to Missouri, Scott filed a lawsuit claiming he was free because he had lived in a free state. Dred Scott Scott v. Sanford (1857) Abolitionists raised enough money to take the case to the U.S. Supreme Court. The court said that he could not sue because he was a slave (personal property) and not a US citizen. The court also stated that Congress had no right to stop slavery in western territories -- like they had done with Kansas. Dred Scott Dred Scott Decision Dred Scott sued for his freedom after his owner died. Scotts argument was that because his owner had taken him North into free territory for four years, he therefore was freed. Result: in the Dred Scott Decision, the Supreme Court decided against Scott (a slave), saying that slaves had no rights because they were not citizens of the U.S. Which statement explains how the Dred Scott decision pushed the nation closer to war? A.The Supreme Court ruled that, while slaves were citizens, they could not sue. B.The Supreme Court ruled that slavery was not a legal right of the southern states. C.The Supreme Court ruled that the federal government could not stop slavery in territories. D.The Supreme Court ruled that slave owners had to be reimbursed for slaves who escaped on the Underground Railroad. Which statement explains how the Dred Scott decision pushed the nation closer to war?. C. The Supreme Court ruled that the federal government could not stop slavery in territories. READ and RESPOND TO QUESTION BELOW. "A house divided against itself cannot stand." I believe this government cannot endure, permanently, half slave and half free. I do not expect the Union to be dissolved I do not expect the house to fall but I do expect it will cease to be divided. It will become all one thing or all the other. Either the opponents of slavery will arrest the further spread of it, and place it where the public mind shall rest in the belief that it is in the course of ultimate extinction; or its advocates will push it forward, till it shall become alike lawful in all the States, old as well as new North as well as South. ~ A House Divided Speech, Written by What did the quote above predict regarding slavery? If you had lived before the Civil War, would you have agreed with this idea, and why/why not? The Election of 1860 Stephen Douglass Abraham Lincoln John Bell John C. Breckinridge 4 different candidates Douglass (N. Dem), Lincoln (Rep), Breckinridge (S. Dem), and Bell (CUP) Election of 1860 The election of 1860 became a very hot topic across the nation. The Democrats met to choose the presidential candidate Northern Democrats pick Stephen Douglas Southern Democrats wanted someone to protect slavery in the territories, so they walked out on the convention. Southern Democrats met in Richmond, VA and chose John Breckinridge, the current Vice President, as their choice. They took the position that no one could stop citizens from taking slaves into any western territory. Election of 1860 In the end, the Republican Party chose Abraham Lincoln as their candidate. A fourth party was formed called the Constitutional Union Party. They nominated John Bell. They took no official position on slavery. The Election of 1860 With the Democrats divided, Lincoln won the election easily. Southerners feared that a Republican victory would encourage radicals like John Brown to try and free slaves. Even though Lincoln and the Republican party promised to leave slavery alone in the areas that it existed, southerners did not trust them. The South cast only 16,000 votes for Lincoln. Won without 1 single electoral vote from a southern state. Not even one vote was cast for Lincoln in GA! Secession Viewpoint of the NORTH: Secession is unlawful and threatens the very principles our nation was founded on.Secession is unlawful and threatens the very principles our nation was founded on. Viewpoint of the SOUTH: By 1861, many southerners felt that the only option was to secede from the union.By 1861, many southerners felt that the only option was to secede from the union. Secession is not unlawful and will allow both regions to live as they wish and in peace.Secession is not unlawful and will allow both regions to live as they wish and in peace. SECESSION On Dec. 20, 1860, South Carolina held a special convention and voted to secede (or withdraw) from the union. Leaders in Washington D.C. worked to try and create a compromise. Senator John Crittenden proposed a series of amendments to the Constitution. The main point said that slavery would be protected below the 36 degree lat. line. SECESSION SECESSION Lincoln and Republicans would not accept this. They stated that they won the election based on the fact that no more territories would enter as slave states, so they would not give in now. Southern leaders felt doomed and stated We split on every plan to compromise, No human power can save the Union. SECESSION Most Georgians supported S. Carolinas secession except for Alexander Stephens. On January 16, 1861, GAs Governor requested a special meeting. 208 of the 297 delegates voted to leave the Union. On January 19, 1861, Georgia officially declared itself an independent republic. 6 th S of the Civil War: SECESSION By February 1861, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas had voted to secede. On February 4, 1861, delegates from each of these states met and formed a new nation called the Confederate States of America. Jefferson Davis of Mississippi was elected President, and Robert Toombs of Ga. The secretary of State. Alexander Stephens of GA was named Vice President. The Role of Alexander Stephens Most Georgians supported S. Carolinas decision to secede except for Alexander Stephens (a GAn). He thought GA should stay with the Union. On January 19, 1861, Georgia officially declared itself an independent republic. Alexander Stephens goes on to be Vice President of the Confederate States of America. In my judgment, the election of no man, constitutionally chosen to that high office, is sufficient cause to justify any state to separate the Union -Alexander Stephens Civil War: The Big Picture Causes of Civil WarEffect or Result The Industrial North states & the Agricultural South states are different The North does not need slaves for its economy, the South needs slaves The North & South DO NOT agree on slavery Every time a new state wants to join the United States, the North and South fight over whether it will be a slave state or free state! Civil War begins!