Caves of LascauxFrance

c. 28,000 B.C.E.

The Painted Gallery

Caves of LascauxFrance

c. 28,000 B.C.E.

Shaft of the Dead Man

Stonehenge3,100 B.C.E.

WiltshireEngland

Skara Braec. 3,000 B.C.E.

ScotlandOrkney Mainland

Teotihuacanc. 300-700 C.E.

Mexico CityMexico

Great Enclosurec. 1000 C.E.Zimbabwe

Machu Pichuc. 1200 C.E.

PeruCuzco

mastaba•sepulchral structure built above ground

•elaboration of pre-dynastic burial-pit & mound form

•generally rectangular in plan with a flat roof and inward-sloping walls

• built of brick and faced with limestone slabs

•angle of repose—natural “structure” of earth when piled•battered—or has a slope

•Skiomorphosis - describes that process whereby a form is invented in one material as a response to the physical properties of that material and then transferred to another material whose properties do not demand that form

Structural Conservatism

Temple Complex at Karnac

Axial Planning

Additive Construction

Temple of Amon at Karnac

Hypostyle HallLatin: hypo-inside, style-column

Applied Polychromy

Bas (Low) Relief Carving

Incised Carving

HIEROGLYPHICS

Egyptians credited with inventing wood joinery

Bedroom Suite of Queen Hetepheres, c. 2300 BCE Wood encased in gold; loose cushions covered in cotton, painted

leather, metallic cloth

Folding Bed, Middle Kingdom

Stool from the tomb of Tutankhamun, c. 1352 BCE

Shrine Shaped Box, Old Kingdom

•Impost Block

•Zoomorphic furniture

•Lotus Blossom•Reeds

Octopus Flask, Late Minoan, Crete

1580-1100 BCE

Ladies in Blue

Palace of King Minos at Knossos, Crete, c. 1700-1450 BC

Prince with the Lilies

•wearing the Minoan cod-piece •superb crown of lilies and peacock's feathers •may have been leading some sacred animal with his left hand•Palace of Knossos: Late 15th century BCE

Palace of King Minos at Knossos, Crete, c. 1700-1450 BCE

Lightwell with inverse tapered columns, Palace of King Minos at Knossos, Crete, c. 1700-1450 BCE

Throne Room, Palace of King Minos at Knossos, Crete, c. 1700-

1450 BCE

Throne Chair

Palace of King Minos at Knossos, Crete, c. 1700-1450

BCE

Queen’s Megaron, Palace of King Minos at Knossos, Crete,

c. 1700-1450 BCE

Greek Motifs

Honeysuckle

Acanthus Leaf

Greek Motifs

Guilloche

Greek Key or Fret

The Warrior Krater, Mycenae, c. 1000 BCE

Reconstruction of Mycenae, c. 1400-1200

PorchMegaron Vestibule

Brazier

plan of a Mycenaean

Megaron

reconstruction of a Mycenaean Megaron

The Parthenon atop the Acropolis, Iktinus and

Kallicrates, 5th century BCE

The Parthenon atop the Acropolis, Iktinus and

Kallicrates, 5th century BCE

Column

Base

Pediment

the three parts of a

Greek temple

Capital

Shaft

Base

Doric(male—6:1)

Ionic(older female—8:1)

Corinthian(young female—9:1)

Capital

Shaft

Base

Cornice

Architrave

Frieze

Cornice

Architrave

Frieze

Metopes / Triglyphs

Entablature

front elevations of the Temple of Athena and the Temple of

Apollo

Klismos (chair), T.H. Robsjohn-Gibbings, 1930s

Kline

Trapeza (table),

5th century BCE

Kibotos (chest) 5th century BCE

kline

trapeza

brazier

lamp

typical arrangement of a

triclinium

early Greek fresco depicting a dining scene

kline (couch) trapeza (table) kylix (drinking vessel)