cba final project 2002 gyorgyi cicas ; jose l. aguirre; po-hsin lin cba of operating photovoltaic...

CBA FINAL PROJECT 2002 Gyorgyi Cicas ; Jose L. Aguirre; Po-Hsin Lin

CBA OF OPERATING PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM IN

PITTSBURGH


Abstract

•Objective and Motivation

•Introduction

•Description of the Model

•Results

•Conclusions and Future Plans

CBA FINAL PROJECT 2002

Objective & Motivation

•Monetary Cost

•Efficiency

•Availability

•Feasibility

•Environmental Impacts

•CMU Solar House 2002

Gyorgyi Cicas ; Jose L. Aguirre; Po-Hsin Lin


Renewable EnergyData from the U.S.

•Renewable energy 8% out of total energy

•Solar Energy 1%

Reference: Web Site: http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/ Main Products of the Office of Energy Markets and End Use: Annual energy review: renewable energy section 10.5


CMU Solar House 2002

BP (conventional)

Combiner Boxes

Charge Controller

Batteries

AC

INV

DC

120V

Switch

PV System


PV SystemKey components

•Conventional Solar panels has 36 cells (photovoltaic cells)

•Self regulating panels

•DC-inverter-AC


Cost Benefit Analysis

Comparison

PV System For a Typical House In Pittsburgh

• House covered 100% by PV System

• Hybrid covering the months with highest sun irradiation and House With Classical Grid-Based System


Maximum Sun Irradiation Factor (energy) KWh/ m2

For the Northeast of the U.S. is 6 KWh/m2

Web Site: http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/


Description of ModelSelection Solar

TechnologySelection Solar

Technology

Electricity Consumption Data

Electricity Consumption Data

Characteristics of the Solar Panel

(inefficiencies, Max. Capacity)

Yearly Consumption of Avg. Household

[KWh/yr]

Monthly & Daily Consumption in the Months

of High Solar Irradiation (choice of 3 and 5) [Watts]

Requirement of Energy considering the Solar Insolation Factor for the Region [Watts]

Additional Factor from PV Panels (heating vs efficiency)

Total No. of Panels from Total Requirement of electricity (Watts) / Net Production per panel (Total Area of Solar Irradiation)

Geographical Factors

Geographical Factors


Factors for Cost EstimatesCost of Panels [ $ / panel]

~ $ 500 USD

No. of Panels ~ 44

Approximate Cost of Panels $ 22,000 USD

Cost of Batteries [ $ / Battery]

No. of Batteries ~ 40% of No. of Panels

Total Cost of Batteries $ 8,500 USD

Additional Installation Costs

Wiring, rack for modules, connection devices, labor work

and transportation

~ $ 12,345 USD

Total Investment Cost $ 42, 850 USDYear 2002

Total Investment Cost $ 42, 850 USDYear 2002

Additional Costs

Additional Cost for Electricity from Grid $ 525 ~ $ 430 USD / yr (with no change in consumption behavior from average household in the U.S.) Compare to the $1,000 USD of yearly spending

for future O&M Activities:Replacement of Batteries Bank every 4 Years

Cleaning Activities of Panel Array ~ $ 80 USD / YearReplacement of the whole PV System (solar panels, connectors, wiring, batteries, etc.) every 20 years


Case PV covers only in Months with major Sun IrradiationTwo Variations: • 3 Months with highest Sun Irradiation (June, July, August)• 5 Months (May, June, July, August, September)

Assumptions for Future Improvements in Technology • 20 and 40 yr period : Improved efficiency of panels, capacity of Peak

Watts per panel, $ per panel and per battery decreases

Time, [year]Purchase cost,

[$]Install.

cost, [$]Maint.

cost, [$]Total cost, [2002yr $]

Total cost, [nom. $]

0 41,245 1,600 0 43,479 43,4791 0 0 80 714 7502 0 0 80 714 7883 0 0 80 714 8274 8,500 0 80 9,214 11,2005 0 0 80 714 91248 1,035 0 80 1,750 18,19949 0 0 80 714 7,80250 0 0 80 714 8,192

Total cost of usage of grid connected PV system $165,453.65 $500,905.85


Case 2 PV covers only in Months with major Sun Irradiation

The actual average cost of Electricity from the Grid ~ $ 0.10 / KWh

Classic System

YearCost of

UseMaintenance

Total Cost

Cost of Classic System

Final Total Cost

Nominal Values NPV

Benefit of using solar

Cost / Benefit

Cost of KWh

[$/ KWh]

1 2002 -$42,845 $0 -$42,845 -$503 -$43,348 -$45,412 $454 -$96 $5.0262 2003 $0 -$80 -$80 -$503 -$583 -$640 $454 -$1 $0.0683 2004 $0 -$80 -$80 -$503 -$583 -$671 $454 -$1 $0.0684 2005 -$8,500 -$80 -$8,580 -$503 -$9,083 -$10,940 $454 -$20 $1.05340 2041 -$15,866 $0 -$15,866 -$503 -$16,370 -$105,162 $454 -$36 $1.89841 2042 $0 -$80 -$80 -$503 -$583 -$3,925 $454 -$1 $0.06842 2043 $0 -$80 -$80 -$503 -$583 -$4,112 $454 -$1 $0.06843 2044 $0 -$80 -$80 -$503 -$583 -$4,308 $454 -$1 $0.06844 2045 -$971 -$80 -$1,051 -$503 -$1,555 -$12,029 $454 -$3 $0.18045 2046 $0 -$80 -$80 -$503 -$583 -$4,728 $454 -$1 $0.06846 2047 $0 -$80 -$80 -$503 -$583 -$4,953 $454 -$1 $0.06847 2048 $0 -$80 -$80 -$503 -$583 -$5,189 $454 -$1 $0.06848 2049 -$971 -$80 -$1,051 -$503 -$1,555 -$14,489 $454 -$3 $0.18049 2050 $0 -$80 -$80 -$503 -$583 -$5,694 $454 -$1 $0.06850 2051 $0 -$80 -$80 -$503 -$583 -$5,965 $454 -$1 $0.068

-$131,945 -$25,162.50 -$157,108 -$439,479 $22,678.00 -6.9277494 -$0.364

Solar System


Conclusions and Further Estimations – I.

Estimated cost of electricity produced by the grid

connected PV system ~ 38¢/kWh

Data from studies: 25¢/kWh – 50¢/kWh

Conventional power plant: 11¢/kWh


Conclusions and Further Estimations – II.

Benefits?

• Increased siting flexibility

• Decreased installation lead time

• Installations cause fewer disruptions

• Improved aesthetics

• Increased reliability

• Portability

• Progressive "green" image


Conclusions and Further Estimations – III.

Progressive "green" image

“Low environmental impact—they are quiet and nonpolluting (no greenhouse gas emissions).”/Federal Energy Management Program/

• We can avoid the environmental impacts (e.g. GHG emission) of the estimated yearly 2,500 - 3,600 kWh electricity production

• Is this significant compared to the environmental impacts of the PV system?


Conclusions and Further Estimations –IV.

How to make it feasible?

• Net metering

• Renewable Energy Pilot Program

• 10% federal tax credit and accelerated depreciation

on the PV system

• Continuous technology improvement


Further Information

http://www.eren.doe.gov/sunlab

http://www.sandia.gov/pv

http://www.arc.cmu.edu/carnegie_team

http://www1.sedo.energy.wa.gov.au/renewable.asp

http://www.trfund.com/sdf

http://www.bccf.org

http://www.sustainable.energy.sa.gov.au/pages/advisory/renewables/types/solar/technologies

http://www.solarpaces.org/resources/technologies.html

http://www.solarserver.de/solarmagazin

http://www.eren.doe.gov/sunlab

http://www.sandia.gov/pv

http://www.arc.cmu.edu/carnegie_team

http://www1.sedo.energy.wa.gov.au/renewable.asp

cba final project 2002 gyorgyi cicas ; jose l. aguirre; po-hsin lin cba of operating photovoltaic...

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